ABSTRACT This article examines how vernacular religious spaces can function as sites of heritage governance and institutional mediation within heritage education for upper secondary students in contemporary Hanoi, through two comparative case studies: the Phù Đổng historical complex associated with the legend of Saint Gióng and the West Lake Palace (Phủ Tây Hồ Shrine), a major centre of Mother Goddess worship in urban Vietnam. Drawing on theories of social and cultural capital and conceptualisations of heritage as a social process, the study adopts a qualitative, comparative design integrating survey data, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. The findings show that positioning students as active participants within sacred and semi-regulated heritage spaces not only enhances heritage awareness but also reconfigures social capital as a governance resource, mediating relationships between educational institutions, heritage communities, local custodians, and heritage authorities. These sites emerge as arenas of negotiated authority where policy frameworks, moral legitimacy, and community participation intersect in everyday heritage management. The article contributes to heritage studies by framing heritage education as a form of applied heritage governance and outlining implications for participatory heritage management in rapidly changing Southeast Asian urban contexts.

ABSTRACT This study examines how teachers and students in multilingual Thai secondary classrooms design, enact, and experience translanguaging during English language lessons. Drawing on classroom observations, video recordings, field notes, and stimulated-recall interviews, the study investigates how teachers deploy translanguaging to support comprehension, participation, and classroom management and how students use translanguaging as they learn. Findings show that teachers engaged in both planned translanguaging, such as bilingual task sequences and intentional L1 scaffolds, and spontaneous switching for interactional purposes. Students, however, used Thai and Isan fluidly and instinctively to negotiate meaning, collaborate with peers, and manage affective demands, often without perceiving their practices as strategic. The study affirms Cenoz and Gorter’s (2021). Pedagogical Translanguaging. Cambridge University Press) pedagogical translanguaging framework while revealing a gap between teacher-designed scaffolds and students’ emergent multilingual practices. These insights highlight the pedagogical value of integrating students’ lived linguistic repertoires and challenge monolingual norms in English language education. Implications for translanguaging-informed pedagogy, theory, and research in multilingual and multicultural settings are discussed.

Literacy culture is a strategic condition for implementing Merdeka Belajar because independent learning requires students who can read critically, select information ethically, reflect on experience, and communicate ideas responsibly. Yet school literacy programs often remain procedural when planning, role distribution, implementation, and supervision are not managed participatively. This study analyzes how participatory management shapes the development of an independent-learning literacy culture in senior high schools in the Bangka Belitung Islands. This study employed qualitative field research in senior high schools that had implemented the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. Data were collected for 12 months through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving principals, curriculum leaders, infrastructure leaders, librarians, homeroom teachers, subject teachers, and students. Data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, conclusion drawing, and verification, while credibility was strengthened through source and technique triangulation. The findings show four interconnected management functions. Planning emerged through teacher initiatives and principal facilitation, producing a literacy team, 15-minute reading habituation, reading-corner planning, student literacy ambassadors, and library-based resource development. Organizing distributed responsibilities among the principal, literacy team, curriculum unit, library, homeroom teachers, and students. Implementation established reading routines, journals, library visits, and literacy competitions but was constrained by limited book collections, underused reading corners, and uneven library accreditation. Supervision combined direct monitoring, reading journals, peer reminders, and semester evaluation. The study contributes a participatory literacy management model aligned with Al-Tadzkiyyah's scope on Islamic educational leadership, management, pedagogical innovation, contextual dynamics, and SDG 4-oriented quality education.

ABSTRACT This study explores how parents shape adolescents’ participation in sport in urban China through a novel conceptual framework termed ‘family sports planning’. Moving beyond fragmented accounts of parental involvement, the study conceptualises family engagement with youth sport as a structured and negotiated process comprising three interrelated dimensions: family sports ideology, family sports management and family sports practices. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with eight parents from major Chinese cities, the findings reveal that parental engagement in adolescent sport is organised around three culturally situated themes: 1) parental sports ideology frames sport not only as a means of promoting physical health but also as a strategic resource for enhancing academic competitiveness and cultivating social capital within an exam-oriented educational system; 2) parental sports management is manifested in deliberate planning and scheduling, selective allocation of financial and institutional resources and continuous negotiation between sporting involvement and academic commitments; 3) family sports practices are embedded in everyday routines through both direct and indirect parental involvement. Family sports planning thus emerges as a culturally embedded strategy shaped by contemporary Chinese sociocultural and policy conditions, with intensified educational stratification, urban middle-class aspirations and recent national reforms promoting physical education. By highlighting the institutional and cultural structuring of parental decision-making, this study proposes a context-specific framework that bridges family sociology and sport participation research, offering new insight into how youth sport is strategically organised within families under competitive educational regimes.

Via Ferrata is a hybrid outdoor sport, pursued by recreationists and tourists, consisting of attributes of hiking, mountaineering, and rock climbing and facilitated by specialized equipment like harnesses and carabiners that can be fitted into permanent routes outfitted with features such as iron cables, stairs, ladders, and bridges. The growing popularity of outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism during and after the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increased interest in Via Ferrata, especially in North America. This growth presents unique destination, route, and sport development and planning opportunities and challenges for service providers, land managers, and professional mountaineering associations. These challenges are compounded by co-occurring global crises, such as climate change impacts on seasonal access to mountainous and high-altitude terrain. Despite this, Via Ferrata remains an understudied phenomenon, especially in North America, and is often explored within the context of mountaineering and other more generalised outdoor sport research, or from interdisciplinary, engineering, and medical perspectives. Based on a scoping review of the extant English-language academic and industry literature on Via Ferratas, including North American industry web materials and popular media coverage of the growing popularity of the sport in that region, this study: 1) catalogues how and where Via Ferrata research has been conducted, including regions studied and main research themes, 2) articulates academic perspectives on the emergence and establishment of Via Ferratas in Europe and industry, management, and popular media perspectives on the expansion of Via Ferrata to and within North America not documented in the extant academic literature, and 3) defines future avenues for global Via Ferrata research. Thematic analysis revealed that a unique field of Via Ferrata scholarship is needed to inform the continued development and management of the sport. The establishment of a Via Ferrata research agenda is therefore proposed, and theoretical and management implications are explored. Like the development of organized hybridized recreational activities (e.g., hiking and climbing) on popular mountain summits, Via Ferratas are facilitating access to formerly relatively inaccessible and sometimes, highly ecologically sensitive areas (i.e., mountains, canyons). Since Via Ferrata activities and in some instances the scholarship of this type of recreational activity has historically been entangled with other mountain and high-altitude outdoor sports, a greater understanding of the growth and transformation of this hybrid recreational activity through a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and international scoping review of Via Ferrata is warranted. In-order to understand and better manage the anthropogenic impacts of this recreational activity, a Via Ferrata research agenda should explore among other themes, destination development and route planning, sport management, constraints to and outcomes of participation, and would benefit from industry-academy collaboration. • The unique equipment and route features of Via Ferrata make it distinct from hiking, mountaineering and rock climbing. • Via Ferrata scholarship is limited and has historically been entwined with other mountain and high-altitude outdoor sports. • To inform the continued development and management of the sport, a unique field of Via Ferrata scholarship is needed. • Research should explore destination development, route planning, sport and risk management, and constraints and outcomes.

Challenges in promoting coral reef management through community involvement: A case study of Kham Island in the Gulf of Thailand

Attitudes toward one's own aging are closely related to health and well-being in later life. Meanwhile, digitalization during and after the COVID-19 pandemic has changed older adults' access to services, social participation, and everyday health management. Digital inclusion may support healthy aging, but it may also create burdens when digital use is difficult, stressful, or poorly supported. Yet few studies have examined how aging attitudes and digital inclusion are jointly related to health over time. This study investigated the longitudinal relationships among aging attitudes, digital inclusion, and health among older adults in China. We used two-wave panel data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS 2020 and 2023; N = 3,320). Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted longitudinal associations. Cross-lagged panel models examined temporal and potentially reciprocal relationships, and structural equation modeling tested whether digital inclusion mediated the association between aging attitudes and health. Models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, chronic disease, and functional status. Aging attitudes were highly stable over time. In the GEE and SEM analyses, more positive aging attitudes were associated with better health outcomes. However, the cross-lagged models showed a more complex pattern after baseline stability was considered. Digital inclusion also showed mixed associations with health: digital proficiency and digital ability were positively associated with health, whereas digital access alone showed no consistent benefit. Baseline digital inclusion was negatively associated with later health and aging attitudes in the cross-lagged models. Mediation analyses suggested that digital inclusion partially explained the relationship between aging attitudes and health, supporting the coexistence of psychological and digital-social pathways. The findings support a psycho-social perspective on healthy aging. Aging attitudes were generally linked to better health, while digital inclusion showed mixed associations, suggesting that digital engagement can be helpful when it is meaningful and supported, but burdensome when it exceeds older adults' skills or needs. Policies and interventions should therefore go beyond expanding digital access and strengthen digital competence, age-friendly digital environments, and positive views of aging to support healthier and more inclusive aging.

ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, Tanzania has been promoting a global initiative on participatory forest management. Village Land Forest Reserves are one of its key components stipulated in the Forest Policy of 1998 and the Forest Act of 2002. Since its recognition, the Reserves have been implemented in various parts of the country. However, little is known about how these Reserves can contribute to addressing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This practical note reviewed the contribution of the Reserves to achieving the SDGs. It provides a convincing case for enhancing and promoting the Reserves.

Development of a Multi-Level Governance Assessment Index for Participatory Water Management Grounded on SES1

Innovative Human Resource Management (HRM) planning is necessary for public sector organisations amidst digital transformation and bureaucratic decentralisation demands. However, efforts to form a culture of innovation in HRM planning often face structural, cultural, and participatory obstacles. This study aims to analyse the influence of charismatic leadership, the culture of innovation, and employee participation on forming a culture of innovation in HRM planning and evaluate the moderating role of employee participation in the relationship. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory type conducted on local government employees in 27 districts/cities in West Java Province, Indonesia. A sample of 200 respondents was selected by purposive sampling, namely civil servants directly involved in planning and implementing HR policies. Data collection techniques were carried out through distributing questionnaires, while data analysis used the Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results showed that charismatic leadership, innovation culture, and employee participation significantly influence the formation of innovation culture in HRM planning. In addition, employee participation is shown to moderate the effect of charismatic leadership positively but negatively moderate the relationship between innovation culture and the formation of innovation culture. These findings suggest that participation management needs to be strategically designed to avoid the burden of counterproductive roles. These results confirm the importance of strengthening leadership capacity, instilling organisational innovation values, and effective participation management in building an HRM planning system that is adaptive, collaborative, and aligned with the spirit of startup-era governance.

The growing need to integrate sustainability, technological innovation, and territorial development has driven new ways of conceiving geopark management. In this context, multimodal tourism 4.0 emerges as an integrative approach that combines advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, data analytics, and augmented reality. The objective of this research is to propose a methodology for geopark design management based on this approach. A mixed-methods, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Moa-Baracoa region of Cuba. The sample consisted of 200 participants selected through simple random sampling (100 in Moa and 100 in Baracoa), representing 30% of potential users. The results highlight limitations in traditional management models and demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating multimodal technologies to optimize decision-making. It is concluded that the proposed methodology promotes intelligent, participatory, and sustainable geopark management.

Organizational well-being and workplace happiness are essential pillars for productivity and organizational sustainability. This study presents an integrative literature review of theoretical models on workplace well-being, aiming to provide a holistic framework applicable to organizational context. Contributions from positive psychology, human talent management, and organizational culture were analyzed, highlighting the critical role of mental, emotional and social health as core components of well-being. Findings indicate that sustained practices of active participation, recognition, effective communication, and emotional management enhance job satisfaction, intrinsic motivation and organizational performance. Based on this synthesis, an intervention model is proposed to foster healthy, inclusive and resilient work environments. Overall, the study demonstrates that integrating well-being as strategic organizational focus not only promotes human development and strengthens organizational culture but also contributes to achieving sustainable outcomes and consolidating competitive, people centered organizations.

Achieving meaningful and representative findings in cognitive/behavioural research requires both externally valid experimental settings and representative participant samples. Virtual reality (VR) has become a powerful tool for enhancing realism while maintaining control of experimental environments. Simultaneously, online testing broadens and diversifies samples. Combining these approaches-running VR experiments online-is compelling but remains challenging due to incompatibilities between tools used in lab-based VR studies and online testing. This paper offers a practical solution to bridge this gap. We provide a brief overview of current approaches to online VR experimentation and offer a step-by-step tutorial for converting lab-based VR studies into remote deployments using Unity and Steam. Further, we share an open-source onlineVR-toolbox-including code, example workflows, and practical Notebooks-to facilitate critical processes such as secure data transfer and participant management. To validate this approach, we present a proof-of-concept case study replicating a well-established memory effect. Our results demonstrate that remote data collection via Steam is technically feasible and yields results consistent with laboratory-based findings. Together, our tutorial, tools, and case study show that online VR studies are possible and practical, opening the door to more scalable, inclusive, and externally valid behavioural science.

In the context of accelerating environmental degradation, human-nature relationships have gained renewed attention. In and around protected areas, these relationships are marked by contestation, war and conflict. This study explores the relationships between residents of Kisandji Village, near Upemba National Park (UNP) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the natural resources they depend on. Using mixed participatory methods, we examined resource use and perceptions of conservation versus livelihoods. Residents emphasized provisioning services as essential to daily needs, identity and security. This dependence, alongside institutional and historical constraints and threats of extractive activities, has shaped a feeling of exclusion and precarity. While some view UNP as limiting their livelihoods, others support conservation when it includes participatory management and acknowledges local needs. The findings highlight that the need for inclusive conservation strategies that align ecological goals with community priorities is even more crucial when other drivers of extractive activities threaten.

Peace-building in fragile and conflict-affected regions increasingly depends on the effectiveness of local governance institutions. While decentralization is widely promoted as a strategy to enhance participation, accountability, and conflict management, its practical contribution to sustainable peace remains contested, particularly in ethnically diverse and politically sensitive contexts. This study examines the role of local governance in peace-building in the Somali Region, a region characterized by recurrent clan conflicts, resource-based disputes, environmental stress, and inter-regional tensions. The research seeks to bridge the gap between the theoretical promise of decentralization and the lived realities of grassroots governance in fostering stability. The study is guided by decentralization theory and peace-building theory, which emphasize institutional legitimacy, participatory governance, and local ownership as foundations for sustainable peace. Using a qualitative research design based on secondary data analysis, the study draws on recent academic literature, policy reports, and institutional documents published within the last decade. The analysis focuses on the structure and functions of regional, zonal, woreda, and kebele administrations, as well as their interaction with customary institutions such as clan elders and religious leaders. The findings indicate that local governance institutions in the Somali Region play a meaningful but constrained role in conflict prevention and resolution. Formal structures have legal mandates to maintain security, deliver services, and facilitate dispute resolution; however, their effectiveness is limited by weak institutional capacity, financial dependence, shortages of skilled personnel, and limited administrative autonomy. As a result, many peace-building efforts remain reactive rather than preventive. A central finding of the study is the importance of hybrid governance arrangements. Customary institutions, operating through traditional conflict resolution mechanisms, retain strong social legitimacy and community trust. Where formal local administrations collaborate effectively with customary leaders, conflict mediation outcomes tend to be more durable and widely accepted. The study also highlights structural challenges that undermine local peace efforts, including youth unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, weak service delivery, and climate-related pressures on land and water resources. These socio-economic and environmental factors continue to fuel grievances and competition, suggesting that peace-building must be linked to inclusive development and institutional reform. Overall, the research concludes that local governance in the Somali Region is a critical yet under-empowered actor in peace-building. Sustainable peace requires strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing accountability, institutionalizing collaboration between formal and customary systems, and integrating conflict-sensitive development planning. By providing a context-specific analysis, this study contributes to broader debates on decentralization, state-building, and sustainable peace in fragile and multi-ethnic societies.

Abstract - Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) has emerged as a significant environmental and public health concern due to the widespread use of chemical-based products in daily household activities. Common items such as batteries, paints, pesticides, cleaning agents, fluorescent lamps, and expired medicines contain hazardous substances that can adversely affect human health and the environment when disposed of improperly. Despite constituting only a small fraction of municipal solid waste, HHW can lead to soil contamination, groundwater pollution, air quality degradation, and serious health hazards. This study aims to assess the level of public awareness regarding HHW, analyze existing disposal and segregation practices, and promote responsible waste management among households. A descriptive survey methodology was adopted, wherein structured questionnaires were administered to residents through direct household visits. Additional insights were obtained through interactions with waste management officials. The collected data were analyzed using percentage-based statistical methods and graphical representations. The survey findings revealed that only 36% of respondents were fully aware of HHW, while 24% were partially aware and 40% lacked awareness entirely. Furthermore, 60% of households disposed of hazardous waste along with regular garbage, and only 30% practiced waste segregation. These results indicate a substantial gap in public knowledge and proper disposal practices. However, the majority of respondents expressed a willingness to adopt safer waste management methods when provided with appropriate guidance. Based on these findings, an awareness campaign was conducted to educate residents about HHW identification, segregation, safe disposal methods, and environmental protection. The study highlights the critical need for continuous public education, community participation, and effective waste management policies to ensure sustainable environmental protection and improved public health. Key Words: Household Hazardous Waste (HHW), Waste Segregation, Environmental Awareness, Hazardous Waste Management, Public Health, Municipal Solid Waste, Awareness Campaign, Sustainable Waste Management, Environmental Protection, Community Participation.

ABSTRACT The Guinea Savannah woodlands of Ghana face rapid degradation from charcoal production, agricultural expansion, and bushfires. Grounded in the Awareness-to-Action model, this study investigates how charcoal producers perceive forest decline and climate change, and how these perceptions influence environmental behaviour. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 150 households across Builsa South, Sissala East, and West Mamprusi districts, complemented by focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Findings reveal high environmental awareness: over 90% of producers acknowledged that charcoal production contributes to degradation, while 74% and 67% reported reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, respectively. Despite this, adoption of sustainable practices like tree replanting and improved kiln use remains limited, reflecting a persistent awareness–action gap. While education and experience significantly predict awareness, institutional weaknesses, poor enforcement, and inadequate livelihood alternatives undermine behavioural change. Results challenge the notion that charcoal producers are environmentally ignorant; rather, they are constrained by structural and economic realities. The study concludes that awareness alone is insufficient to promote sustainability. Strengthening participatory forest management, improving access to efficient technologies, and integrating producers into formal value chains are vital to aligning environmental consciousness with sustainable action in Ghana’s charcoal sector.

In the modern world, improving the mechanisms of innovative development and regulation of crowdsourcing activities is becoming a key growth factor. Innovation is the main engine of economic growth, contributing to the emergence of new industries and increasing the competitiveness of business entities. Venture capital financing and indirect government incentives are used to support them, including tax incentives for R&D companies, accelerated depreciation of equipment, and a tax credit. Crowdsourcing — the transfer of tasks over the Internet without entering into an employment contract, is becoming one of the most dynamic forms of employment. This activity is regulated by the norms of civil law, which creates risks for performers and customers in matters of confidentiality, copyright and social guarantees. Improving the regulation of crowdsourcing should ensure the legal protection of participants. Effective innovation policy combined with adequate legal regulation of crowdsourcing creates conditions for technological breakthroughs and sustainable economic growth. The relevance of the research is due to the increasing role of innovation and crowdsourcing in the development of municipalities in the knowledge economy. In modern conditions, crowdsourcing is becoming a key tool for participatory management, which makes it possible to effectively use the intellectual potential of the local community with limited resources. The purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations for improving the management of innovative development of municipal education through the creation of crowdsourcing online platforms. The theoretical basis of the research covers the concepts of innovative development of territories, models of crowdsourcing and its application in municipal management, as well as the methodology for building innovative development management systems. The research methodology is based on a process-based approach to innovation development management, including the formation of innovation potential, the development of a risk-based strategy and performance monitoring. The main results of the study demonstrate that the introduction of crowdsourcing in municipal government provides: increased efficiency of management decisions, increased public confidence in government, optimization of budget expenditures and acceleration of processes for solving local problems. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a comprehensive model for managing the innovative development of a municipality using crowdsourcing technologies, including mechanisms for generating, implementing and evaluating innovative projects with the participation of the local community. The practical significance of the work lies in the formation of specific recommendations for the creation and operation of crowdsourcing platforms that enhance the innovation potential of territories and improve the quality of municipal government.

The article is dedicated to managing personnel resistance to change in the context of global enterprise digitalization. The relevance of the study is determined by persistently high failure rates of digital transformation initiatives and the growing psychosocial costs accompanying large-scale technological shifts. The novelty lies in integrating resistance management, employee well-being, and dynamic capability perspectives into a unified structural model. The work describes the multidimensional nature of resistance, examining individual, organizational, and technological determinants. Special attention is paid to mediation mechanisms that convert resistance into adaptive engagement. The article sets the goal of developing a systemic framework for reducing resistance while stabilizing employee well-being. To achieve this goal, analytical synthesis, comparative analysis, and structural modeling are applied. Contemporary research on digital transformation, participation, technostress, resilience, and change management has been examined. The conclusion outlines structural conditions under which resistance becomes a diagnostic resource rather than an obstacle. The article will be useful for executives, transformation leaders, and researchers studying organizational adaptation in digitally intensive environments.

The conservation and sustainable management of natural resources have become a vital part of development programmes globally. Nutrient and sediment losses from watersheds are strongly influenced by morphometry, land use, and hydrological characteristics. This study evaluates spatial patterns of water quality and nutrient transport across different reaches of the Sillahalla watershed. The watershed was stratified into three elevation-based reaches viz., lower (<2200 m), middle (2200–2400 m) and upper (2400–2630 m), and integrated grab samples were collected thrice during the monsoon period (June–August 2016). A total of 14 physicochemical parameters, including major ions and nutrient indicators, were analysed using standard laboratory procedures. Analysis of 14 physicochemical parameters revealed that most water quality indicators, including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and major ions, were within permissible limits for irrigation use. However, nitrate concentrations showed a progressive increase from upper (23.5 mg L⁻¹) to lower reaches (55.5 mg L⁻¹), with the lower reach exceeding the recommended limit, indicating potential risks for water quality. Elevated Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the lower reach further suggested contamination from organic and anthropogenic sources. The (Nutrient Pollution Index) NPI for Nitrogen in the lower reach is 1.23 and exceeds the NPI limit of 1 indicating the potential water pollution, and the NPI for P indicates no pollution. However, the combined NPI also indicates the nutrient pollution in Lower reaches. Further, Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) model was employed to simulate nutrient losses under different management scenarios, including existing farmer practices, 25% and 50% reductions in fertilizer application, and a land-use change scenario involving partial conversion to tea plantations. Based on this result, ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation was developed for potato and carrot with the STCR equations. This can be readily utilized by the Sillahalla watershed farmers. The study underscores the need for integrated approaches involving farmers, researchers, and policymakers to prioritise soil erosion control and sustainable land management practices. Adoption of site-specific, cost-effective, and climate-resilient soil and water conservation measures, supported by appropriate incentives, can significantly enhance on-field implementation. Overall, the research advocates for a participatory and sustainable watershed management framework to minimise nutrient losses, protect water resources, and ensure long-term agricultural sustainability in hilly regions.