Participation In Sectors Research Articles

Linking GVC with Trade Dynamics between India and the United Kingdom: A Sector-Level Analysis

In the foreseeable future, the potential for deeper integration into the global value chain (GVC) between India and the UK lies within the establishment of a prospective free trade agreement (FTA). Such an agreement holds promise in facilitating market access, thereby fostering increased participation in the GVC for both countries. This study delves into nine specific sectors, carefully examining the factors that shape India's export flows to the UK within the framework of GVC. This research raises an important question: how will the trade dynamics evolve beyond tariff easing and trade liberalisation, emphasizing the development of robust value-added linkages between these sectors? The findings reveal the pivotal role of GVC participation in sectors like textiles, clothing, and base metals, increasing India's exports to the UK. Conversely, sectors like chemicals and pharmaceuticals thrive on factors such as intensive margin and research and development expenditure, augmenting export performance. These insights underscore the necessity for nuanced, sector-specific approaches in crafting trade policies and conducting FTA negotiations, unravelling the intricacies of trade dynamics between India and the UK, and laying the groundwork for mutually beneficial economic cooperation in the future.

Standards of Proving the Fact of Illegal Establishment of Control by a Foreign Investor over a Strategic Economic Company

The article discusses some topical issues of restricting foreign participation in sectors of the economy that are strategically important for the state.Based on the analysis of law enforcement and judicial practice, the author formulated the subject and standards for proving the fact of illegal establishment of control by a foreign investor over a strategic economic company. The author substantiates the thesis according to which the application of the standards of proof is predetermined by the specific circumstances of the offense committed.

Trade Policy Impact on Global Value Chain Participation of the South Asian Countries

This article provides an empirical analysis on the relationship between trade policy and global value chain (GVC) participation of the South Asian countries using Asian Development Bank’s country-sector Wang, Wei and Zhu decomposed exports data. We employ theoretically grounded three-way fixed effects gravity model with bias correction for incidental parameter problem to get unbiased and consistent coefficients for trade policy variables. This study finds strong evidence for the depressing effect of border tariffs on bilateral exports and forward and backward GVC participation. The negative effects are most prominent in the agriculture and food sectors. Moreover, we find that the regional trade agreements (RTAs) of South Asian countries have a negligible impact on trade and GVC participation in most sectors. However, we find evidence for the phasing-in effect of RTAs and a strong negative effect on bilateral food trade and GVC participation. Reformulating trade policy priorities and restructuring the RTAs to remove strict general regulatory measures like sensitive lists and rules of origin (ROO) should be South Asian policymakers’ priorities for robust trade lead growth. JEL Classification: F14, L23, O11, O55, Q17

Political Participation of Women in Panchayats: A comparative study of Raiganj and Islampur Blocks of Uttar Dinajpur District, West Bengal, India- Issues and Trends

In recent years women empowerment has become a significant issue among academicians, social workers, and policy decision-makers in India. After the successful establishment of the Panchayat system as well as reservations for women in the local bodies, there has been a tremendous change in the number of women representatives in PRIs. But women empowerment is not an easy process rather, that needs a change in the mindset of the patriarchal society, social institutions, and far more determined effort on the part of the women representatives. Sometimes it becomes difficult to serve political duties for the women representatives in this present situation where there is a lack of proper knowledge, lack of education, lots of dependencies, family influence, and so on. In this light, the present study is an attempt to examine the socio-economic conditions and experiences of the elected women representatives of Gram Panchayats of Raiganj and Islampur Blocks and their participation in different sectors of grassroots politics. The whole study is based on empirical data which have been collected through field survey.

La importancia de la mujer en el desarrollo. Análisis de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible con perspectiva de género

La participación de la mujer en los distintos sectores económicos, políticos, sociales y ambientales constituye la pieza clave para alcanzar el desarrollo humano sostenible que tanto anhelamos. Su fortaleza, inteligencia, capacidad para gestionar los recursos, así como su capacidad de cuidado de los demás y del medio que la rodea la convierten en el motor de desarrollo humano sostenible. Sin embargo, uno de los obstáculos a los que se tienen que enfrentar millones de mujeres en todo el mundo es el escaso reconocimiento de sus derechos en todos los ámbitos, lo que la hace susceptible a padecer situaciones de discriminación, violencia y exclusión social. Si bien en los últimos 40 años se ha producido un gran avance en la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en las agendas internacionales, todavía existen importantes retos en torno a su participación igualitaria y plena en la sociedad internacional. Por ello, este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar los sucesos históricos que ha posibilitado el reconocimiento de los derechos de la mujer después distintos enfoques o metodologías, así como determinar la posible incorporación de la perspectiva de género en los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), destacando la importancia de la participación de la mujer en cada uno de dichos objetivos. Todo ello basado en una metodología de análisis cuantitativo de revisión de bibliográfica existente sobre dicha temática y cuantitativo sobre la revisión de los indicadores contenidos en el documento de ONU MUJERES “Hacer las promesas realidad: la igualdad de género en la agenda 2030 para el desarrollo sostenible”, publicado en el 2018

Kontribusi Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah: Pajak, Corporate Social Responsibility, Shodaqoh, dan Kebermanfaat Usaha

The existence of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which constitute the largest share in the national economy, is an indicator of the level of community participation in various economic sectors. UMKM towards the environment that is approved by tax, alms, CSR, and business benefit. The method of analysis uses descriptive analysis. Data collection using observations, questionnaires, and direct interviews to 250 MSMEs engaged in batik and grocery stores in Surakarta. 66.8% MSMEs have not paid taxes and 33.2% MSMEs have paid taxes, 96.8% MSMEs in Surakarta have done shodaqoh, 60.8% MSMEs in Surakarta have not done CSR and 37.2% are actively doing CSRs, 85, 6% of MSMEs stated that their businesses provided benefits for the community, while for the community about the business environment. Other findings show that MSMEs who have paid business taxes are long-term business groups, have permanent businesses, and have large-scale relationships and most MSMEs do not do CSR more because they have not seen the benefits of CSR activities.

Towards an Inclusive Social Welfare Institution for Disabilities: The Case of Indonesia

People with disabilities are vulnerable to experience exclusion and discrimination in society. Likewise in Indonesia, a common condition for people with disabilities is the low level of participation in various sectors, such as the economy, education, healthcare, and public infrastructure. However, Indonesia has committed and started efforts to improve the equality of people with disabilities’ access. One institution that plays an important role in this regard is the social welfare institution. On a related note, this study discusses the dynamic of the social welfare institution’s roles in Indonesia in providing welfare for people with disabilities. Furthermore, the roles are explored based on the current context of society, which over the last few years, has been changing rapidly due to technological advancements, information acceleration, and big data utilization. This study argues building an inclusive social welfare institution is fundamental to fulfill the people with disabilities’ welfare. This study uses a qualitative approach with literature review and secondary data analysis as data collection methods.

Trade Facilitation and GVC Participation：An Analysis Based on the World Input-Output Database

Under the background of economic anti-globalization and the escalation of Sino-US trade frictions, it is particularly important to continue to promote trade facilitation. From the hard environment” of trade facilitation, the construction of infrastructure such as transportation can reduce transaction costs, reduce the uncertainty of the trading cycle, make the order, stocking and shipping cycle more predictable, and greatly shorten the export side and the distance of the final demand of the host country. From the soft environment” of trade facilitation, the red tape” in the trade process has caused incalculable losses to the value of the product. The effect of trade facilitation has been confirmed by many scholars, but the research about the effect of trade facilitation on GVC participation is rare.From the perspective of research, this paper focuses on the GVC participation effect of trade facilitation from the perspective of national heterogeneity, industry heterogeneity and regional value chains, and finally draws a more policy-meaningful conclusion.This paper uses the entropy method and the KWW expansion method to measure the degree of trade facilitation and participation, and uses the OLS and the two-stage OLS to conduct empirical tests. The raw data for the core explanatory variables in this paper is derived from the World Input-Output Database（WIOD）. The main explanatory variables are from World Bank data and the WEF database.The main conclusions are as follows: firstly, trade facilitation enhances the depth of a country’s GVC participation; secondly, trade facilitation has a structural impact on GVC participation. Compared with the hard environment” of trade facilitation, the current improvement of the soft environment” of trade facilitation has a more prominent effect on GVC participation, especially in developing countries. From the perspective of industry heterogeneity, the impact of trade facilitation on GVC participation in sectors with higher asset specificity is more obvious. From the perspective of regional value chains, trade facilitation inhibits the regional fragmentation” of value chains and promotes the formation of GVCs.Therefore, we should take the enforcement of the Bali Agreement on Trade Facilitation as a chance to improve the border management, trying to establish a single window”, promote paperless, automated and intelligent customs clearance, and improve the response speed of the international production division chain. Meanwhile, we should improve the business environment by effectively reducing the cost of compliance in international trade, accelerating intermediary flows, and optimizing the allocation of resources. At last, we should speed up the negotiation of WTO cross-border electricity suppliers, formulate multilateral rules for cross-border electricity providers, and cultivate new trade formats in the GVC system, so as to deepen the division of work in GVCs.

Impact of Collective Rights-based Fisheries Management: Evidence from the New England Groundfish Fishery

This article uses a trip-level dataset to analyze the impact of a collective rights-based management system (“sectors”) introduced in the New England groundfish fishery in 2010. We examine the change of a number of outcome variables, including effort, species diversity, and location diversity. We then examine whether participation in sectors led to shifts in the production frontier and/or changes in technical efficiency using stochastic frontier models. Our results suggest that participation in sectors appears to have impacted trawl vessels more than gillnet vessels, likely due to the different ways in which the effort regulations in place under the common-pool regime impacted these vessel types. In addition, sector participation appears to have an impact on behavioral responses (i.e., changes in effort and diversity of species and locations) rather than technical efficiency, despite some evidence that sector participation led to shifts in the production frontiers of both vessel types.

Understanding Firm Behaviour and the Implementation of Competition Policy As Part of an Inclusive Growth Agenda for South Africa

The paper will assess certain outcomes in the implementation of competition policy in South Africa to address the exertion of market power unilaterally by large firms or through collusive arrangements. Through reviewing the theoretical framework and literature linking competition policy and barriers to entry with economic participation, the paper develops a framework for understanding the centrality of competition legislation as a microeconomic tool towards achieving more inclusive outcomes in the South African economy. The paper draws on specific case studies from recent South African competition cases, impact assessment studies, and cross-country interventions in key sectors such as telecommunications and energy to demonstrate the role of competition policy in addressing strategic barriers to entry and participation in key economic sectors of the South African economy.

Conceptualizing the Developmental State in Resource-Rich Sub-Saharan Africa

AbstractThis paper uses the “developmental state” model to conceptualize state participation in African extractive sectors. What form thss can take in resource-rich states has not been extensively studied, since most countries labeled as “developmental states” lacked significant natural resources. Borrowing from the experiences of “successful” African developmental states – notably Botswana and Mauritius – this paper proposes a graduated developmental state model that is driven by state capacity, both fiscally and structurally. This paper is divided as follows:

MEMPERTAHANKAN TUJUAN PERATURAN DAFTAR NEGATIF INVESTASI DALAM MENGENDALIKAN DOMINASI KEPEMILIKAN ASING (STUDI KASUS PADA INDUSTRI TELEKOMUNIKASI)

Indonesia’s Investment Law and Negative Investment List (DNI) are not applicable to capital market transactions. Interpreted literally, this means foreign investors can arbitrarily increase their share participation in a company by engaging capital market transactions. This is not acceptable since the government puts a limit on foreign shares participation in certain business sectors. This normative-empiric study discusses practices in telecommunication industry that deviate from DNI, the conse-quences, and viable solutions. We found that literal interpretation is inconsistent to the objective of the DNI. We offer alternative approach that is more applicable and suitable to the given objec-tives.Keywords : negative investment list, foreign ownership restriction, portfolio investment, capital market transaction.

A Quantitative and Theoretical Analysis of Ghana’s Internal Migration, Economic Growth and poverty Reduction: A Disaggregated Approach, from 1980 to 2012*

The study here was meant to examine the consequence of Ghana’s government spending on economic growth, internal migration and poverty reduction in Ghana using a disaggregated approach. It reveals that intensifying government outflow has not yielded any meaningful development in Ghana. Many researches had been conducted on the actual link connecting government expenditure, internal migration, economic growth and poverty reduction. Many of the studies until today have used the aggregate approach which has not yielded the desired results hence there is the need to vary the methodology. This study made use of the data for the period (1980 - 2012). The findings from the study shows that Government total capital expenses (GTE), total recurrent outflows (GOF), Government cost on education (GCE) and power (POW) on the contrary, impacts negatively on economic growth and was significant. On the other hand, increasing Government spending on transport and communication (GCTC), and health (GDH) leads to an increase in economic growth. From the results above, the authors advised that there should be public private participation in critical sectors of the Ghanaian economy in the areas of power and transport in order to accelerate the rate of development in Ghana. In addition to this recommendation, government should be more transparent and accountable in her spending.

Advances in Health Promotion for People with Disabilities and the Laws of Brazil

Brazilian laws guarantee the protection to the rights of the citizenship of people with disabilities and their participation in various social sectors which influence health promotion. One aimed at reflecting about the health promotion actions contemplated in Brazilian laws directed to people with physical, hearing and visual disabilities. Through the website of the National Secretariat for the Promotion of the Rights of People with Disabilities, one selected 14 laws whose content was articulated to the Health Promotion Charts in the process of discussion. The laws had as their main objective, the accessibility of people with disabilities to urban spaces, health, income, education, transportation and leisure, i.e. to public services that are essential for the establishment of health. It is concluded that there was a progress in the elaboration of laws that guarantee the rights and integration of this population. However, it is observed that the non-compliance of the laws makes the promotion of health impossible.

Closing the Research and Data Gap in Order to Serve Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Better

One of the greatest assets of the United States as a world leader is the diversity of the American people in their perspectives, cultures, knowledge, skills, and innovations. Significant segments of the nation's diverse population, however, remain marginalized in their everyday lives and civil rights, have less access to fundamentals (e.g., economic opportunities, education, and health care), and are underserved in a wide range of organizations and programs, including those publicly funded by federal, state, and local authorities. For a democratic society with enormous resources, this is far from an ideal situation for any individual or group. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) are among those who continue to be left out of full inclusion and participation in many sectors and levels of U.S. society. This special issue of AAPI Nexus provides research and policy briefs to address inequities in vital areas of AAPI community life through examples of innovative research methods, data collection, and...

Children's Television Policy and Content Diversity in Ghana

Governments in developing countries, facing challenges sustaining economic growth, have allowed private participation in different sectors of the economy. These structural changes have resulted in media pluralism characterized by the coexistence of privately owned and state-owned commercial and public broadcasting services. Using an analysis of primary documents and interviews with media professionals, this article examines the external and internal factors that affect children's television programming in Ghana. The article evaluates the activities and interactions of the children's television community, as well as the regulatory framework governing Ghana's media industry, to determine the prospects of children's television programming. Children's media policies have not kept up with the transition from media monopoly to media pluralism, leaving market forces, industry players, and advocacy groups to determine the diversity of children's media content.

Economic Performance, Trade, and the Exchange Rate in Ethiopia, 1990-2002

Since 1992, the Ethiopian government has been liberalizing and reorienting the country’s economy through moderate market reforms and the shifting of its role from one of active participation in the productive and service sectors to one of creating an enabling environment for the private sector and providing regulatory oversight. This article assesses Ethiopia’s trade and exchange rate relationship, during the period 1990-2002, in the context of the country’s economic performance under the liberalized economic policies of the government. It also examines the related issue of the value of the country’s currency to determine, through the Purchasing-Power Parity Hypothesis method, whether the country’s currency (the Ethiopian Birr) is undervalued or overvalued.

A life career in the polarities of dissent

This autobiographical sketch is divided into five major sections. A first indicates how participation in certain sectors of institutional life in a small industrial community (in central PA between World Wars I and II) might be conducive to non-conformity. A third shows how early personal experiences could commit one to religious dissent, involving a CO. position, entering civilian public (rather than military) service, and volunteering as a subject in a semi-starvation experiment in a laboratory at a major Midwestern university, which simultaneously permitted work on an M.A. in sociology. A fourth (after discharge from service) brought a return to normal civilian life, marriage, and completion of sociology doctorates (by both spouses). The fifth summarizes the pursuit of a career specializing in sociological theory (especially history of American theory) and development of a classificatory-periodizing scheme considerably at variance with the conventional approach in the history of theory.

The Impact of Industrialization on Human Resource Development in Malaysia

Over the last three decades, many countries in the Asia Pacific have experienced phenomenal economic growth and rapid industrialization. Malaysia has been no exception. Rapid economic growth has shifted the base of its economy from agriculture to the manufacturing sector. This process of industrialization has had considerable impact on the demand for labour in various economic sectors and thus carries with it significant implications for human resource development. This article examines the relationship between industrialization and the education and training system in the context of the growth in demand for various skills, trends in workforce participation, labour shortages and prospects in specific sectors, and changes in occupation, wage levels and productivity. Against this background the author assesses the implications for human resource development issues and strategies and points up future challenges for the country's education and training policies.

Parish Autonomy: Measuring Denominational Differences

This study examines the utility of a multidimensional scale of formal authority in assessing the relationship of denominational structure and local church activities. The scale is compared with two typologies of formal polity which are often used in studying religious organizations, and is found to have greater predictive power and more potential to discriminate between denominations than either of the typologies. The analysis includes a discussion of how congregational/denominational power relationships might affect local church participation in different sectors of the local interorganizational network.