Participation In Martial Arts Research Articles

Cognitive Assessment in Grappling Athletes Following Choke versus Nonchoke Submissions.

Participation in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and mixed martial arts has increased over the last three decades. These sports feature submission attacks, including strangles. These strangles, termed "chokes" in this context, primarily limit blood flow to the brain via compression of neck vasculature. There has been discussion in literature of the possibility of measurable cognitive effects following transient choking episodes. The present study used the King-Devick test (KDT) platform, a tablet-based reaction time and accuracy task designed to measure participants' number recognition, cognition, and verbal expression. This task requires functional vision, saccadic eye movements, comprehension, and expression. Volunteer participants were screened for exclusion (prior brain injury) criteria and survey information before testing. Athletes were tested with the KDT immediately before a Brazilian jiu-jitsu training session, again immediately after succumbing to either a choke ("Choke" arm) or nonchoke ("Non-Choke" arm) submission while sparring, and again after a 10-min rest period following the postsubmission test. Analysis was done on test failures, total test times, and individual difference scores between baseline and subsequent testing. Sixty-two (32 Choke, 30 Non-Choke) participants were analyzed. There was no significant difference between Choke and Non-Choke in test failures ( χ2 (1,62) = 1.25, P = 0.263), total times ( t (60) = 0.62, P = 0.540; 95% CI, -3.44 to 6.51), and individual difference scores ( t (60) = 0.29, P = 0.776; 95% CI, -2.41 to 3.21). There were no significant differences between study arms in any of the three analyzed measures. This suggests that cognitive functioning, as measured by the KDT, is not affected by transient choking episodes.

Effects of Martial Arts Participation among College Students Psychological Stress

In modern society, college students are facing more and more psychological pressure, which has a negative impact on their physical and mental health. However, martial arts, as an ancient and comprehensive form of physical activity, has been shown to have positive effects on mental health. Therefore, it is of great practical value to study the influence of wushu participation on the psychological stress of college students. In this study, 388 students were randomly selected and the collected data were analyzed by descriptive correlation design and SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. Overall, participants experienced some level of stress in all three areas, with slightly higher stress in their academic life, lower stress in their social life, and moderate stress in their family life. This highlights the importance of providing comprehensive support, including resources and assistance in academic, social and family matters, to promote the overall well-being and mental health of students. Through the study of the influence of Wushu participation on the psychological pressure of college students, it is found that improving physical fitness, releasing pressure, cultivating concentration and self-discipline ability, and providing social support are of great significance to alleviate the psychological pressure of college students.

Martial Arts Participation, Aggression, and Self-Control

The recent emergence of mixed-martial arts (MMA) as a professional sport has led to an increased interest in martial arts in the United States. While the visibility of the violence that constitutes mixed martial arts might be cause of concern, MMA is not indicative of martial arts participation as a whole. The martial arts have become an increasingly popular form of leisure that draws a broad, diverse group of participants. This study explores the relationships between martial arts participation, aggression, and self-control. Using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) (1992) and Tangney’s Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) (2004), my findings show that compared to non-participants, individuals who participate in martial arts training are less verbally aggressive, less hostile, less angry, and exhibit more self-control.

An epidemiological study of martial arts injuries in patients presenting to US emergency rooms

IntroductionWith the advent of mixed martial arts (MMA) growing in popularity, there has been a described increase in its participation. The term MMA generally describes the hybridization of combat disciplines including but not limited to: karate, judo, jiu-jitsu, wrestling, taekwondo, boxing, kickboxing, and Muay Thai. With increased participation in MMA and martial arts, differing physical demands are placed on participants. Due to the physical nature of combat sports, there are injuries associated with participation. The purpose of this study is to report the incidence and characteristics of injuries seen from various martial art disciplines presenting to United States Emergency Rooms in order to educate participants and providers alike about risks assumed with participating in martial arts. MethodsThe National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried for martial arts-related injuries from 2009 to 2019. Cases were examined and data including patient age and gender, injury type and location, hospital disposition, and type of martial arts practiced were extracted. ResultsA total of 8,400 injuries were recorded, leading to a national estimate of 310,143 martial-arts related injuries over the 11 year period of 2009–2019 (95 % CI 239,063–381,223). The most common types of injuries were strains/sprains (n = 2664, 31.7 %), fractures (n = 1,575, 18.8 %), and contusions/abrasions (n = 1,698, 20.2 %). There were 260 dislocations, with shoulder dislocations being most common (n = 96, 36.9 %). Lower extremities were affected more frequently than upper extremities (n = 3566, 42.5 % versus n = 3026, 36.0 %), with the knee being the single most common location of injury (n = 811, 9.7 %). Males more commonly sustained fractures (19.7 % versus 17.4 %, p = 0.03) and dislocations (3.5 % versus 2.4 %, p = 0.01) when compared to females. Ankle injuries were more common in females than males (10.4 % versus 6.0 %, p < 0.001). Only 2.2 % of patients required admission to the hospital. Risk factors for admission included patients >35 years of age and male sex. ConclusionMartial arts injuries are a significant source of musculoskeletal injuries among patients presenting to US emergency rooms. Lower extremity injuries are seen most frequently, with patients rarely requiring hospital admission. Using this information, both providers and participants may be better equipped to make educated decisions on injury prevention and treatment.

Pediatric Martial Arts–Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments in the United States From 2004 to 2021

Background: Participation in martial arts has been increasing for several years, with millions of children and adolescents engaging in the sport annually. Yet, the most comprehensive examination of martial arts–related injuries was completed almost 2 decades ago. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of martial arts–related injuries presenting to US emergency departments (EDs) among pediatric patients. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for patients aged 3 to 17 years who were treated in US EDs from 2004 through 2021. Results: A total of 5656 cases were included in the analysis. An estimated 176,947 children (95% CI, 128,172-225,722) were treated for martial arts–related injuries in US EDs. The rate of martial arts–related injuries per 10,000 children increased from 1.43 in 2004 to 2.07 in 2013 (slope = 0.07; P = .005) and then decreased to 1.44 in 2021 (slope = −0.10; P = .02). The mean injury rates were 2.22 per 10,000 children aged 12-17 years and 1.15 per 10,000 children aged 3-11 years. The most common injuries occurred in children aged 6 to 11 years (39.3%), were strains/sprains (28.4%), and were associated with falling (26.9%). The mechanism of injury differed by the style of martial arts. Compared with other activity types (formal class, horseplay, and unspecified), competition carried a 2.56 times greater risk of head/neck injuries and a 2.70 times greater risk of traumatic brain injuries. Conclusion: Martial arts are a significant source of injuries for children aged 3 to 17 years. To continue decreasing the injury rate, the creation and implementation of standardized risk-mitigation rules and regulations that could be applied to all martial arts styles are recommended.

무도 수련과 초등학생의 학습 태도 간 관계

In this study, when elementary school students practice martial arts, there is an objection that martial arts training confirms the relationship between elementary school students learning attitude and concentration. The subjects of this study were about 200 elementary school students practicing martial arts located in D city and G province. The 30-question questionnaire was reconstructed with the help of experts, and the subjects participated in the questionnaire using the self-assessment method. As a result, it was confirmed that martial arts training affected responsibility, self-concept, and creativity according to gender and age, influenced creativity according to the degree of martial arts participation, and had a positive effect on self-concept according to the training period. In addition, it was confirmed that gender, age, and training period affected continuous attention and that martial arts affected selective attention. Overall, regardless of the kind, martial arts training has a positive effect on elementary school students learning attitude and concentration. As the period of martial arts training becomes longer and the age of the trainee increases, the effect of martial arts can increase.

Martial arts training, competition and sports nutrition: A future beneficial alliance

Over the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in martial arts participation driven by health and physical fitness benefits and the expansion of martial arts into Olympic sports. Additionally, the broad popularity of mixed martial arts (MMA), particularly, the Ultimate Fighting Championships (UFC) has also fueled interest. Martial Arts is a broad-based term describing various disciplines and techniques implemented in self-defense, fighting and utilization of weaponry. Is there a coming intersection of the martial arts category and sports nutrition? The answer to this question depends upon first dissecting the components of training and competition in the martial arts arena and then comparing them to activities requiring the same components. The application of sports nutrition in those related areas should provide clues for this pathway and potential in training and performance relevance.

Reliability and Practical Use of a Commercial Device for Measuring Punch and Kick Impact Kinetics.

Martial arts, boxing and combat sports such as mixed martial arts participation have gained popularity in recent years internationally. One common aspect to these sports is the training and skill in maximizing strike impact of punches and kicks, referred to as impact kinetics, with commercial devices now available to assess punching and kicking power in athletes training facilities and gyms. We, therefore, assessed the reliability of a commercial device, the PowerKubeTM (Strike Research Ltd., Norwich, England) via the technical error of measurement (TEM) in both linear and non-linear simulated strikes to the center of target, off-center, level and inclined in a laboratory setting. The highest mean impact power resulted from level, center strikes (5782 ± 230 W) followed by level, off-center strikes (4864 ± 119 W, p < 0.05), inclined center strikes (4500 ± 220 W, p < 0.05), and inclined, off-center strikes (3390 ± 151). Peak power reductions ranged from 15.9% (level, off-center) to a maximum of 41.4% (incline, off-center) compared to the level, center strikes. Coaches are advised to take steps such as videoing strikes with high sampling rates to better ensure consistency in impact orientation, being perpendicular and centered on the strike pad, to best capture the peak power of kicks or punches.

Understanding the effect of social media marketing activity for promoting intention to participate in martial arts.

The development of folk martial arts in China has encountered many obstacles and difficulties in promoting the sport. Although there are many martial arts-related groups on WeChat, the largest social media in China, the interaction is not enthusiastic enough and the participation is too low. The main purpose of this study is to understand the impact of social media marketing activities and user experience on the intention of people to participate in martial arts through a quantitative research method. After the literature study, a research model was developed based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), in which the constructs include social media marketing activities, user experience, attitudes toward martial arts, subjective norms, martial arts attachment, and participation intention. The results of the study illustrated that social media marketing activities and user experience had a positive and significant effect on martial arts attitudes, subjective norms, and martial arts attachment via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Martial arts attitudes, subjective norms, and martial arts attachment had a positive and significant effect on the intention to participate. Finally, based on the results of this study, we propose suggestions for social media marketing activities, user experience, martial arts attachment, attitudes toward martial arts, subjective norms, and martial arts participation intentions for martial arts social media operators, martial arts promotion organizations, and subsequent studies.

Breaking Barriers? Examining Neoliberal–Postfeminist Empowerment in Women’s Mixed Martial Arts

This article problematizes claims of women’s empowerment in “masculine” sports through an exploration of women’s participation in mixed martial arts (MMA)—a combat sport colloquially referred to as “cage fighting.” MMA, perhaps more than any other sport, allows women athletes to challenge patriarchal beliefs about gender by demonstrating women’s capacity for physical violence and domination. But whereas investigations into MMA have produced important findings for studies of men and masculinities, there has been surprisingly little attention paid to women’s participation in this hypermasculine world. This article begins to fill this gap through an ethnographic account of this growing sport. Drawing from more than four years of ethnographic fieldwork and 40 semi-structured interviews with professional women’s MMA athletes, I show how the neoliberal–postfeminist culture of MMA undermines its empowerment potential by shaping gendered subjecthood in ways that are conducive to the maintenance of gender inequality. I conclude by discussing the implications of my findings for women’s empowerment in sport.

Children and Mixed Martial Arts

ABSTRACT J. S. Russell has argued that it is morally permissible for children to participate in dangerous sports and that much of value can be gained from such participation. He attempts to justify children’s participation in dangerous sport with two arguments, which he calls the common sense view and the uncommon sense view, and I apply the basic reasons given in these general arguments to the specific case of justifying children’s participation in mixed martial arts (MMA). To safeguard against wanton and gratuitous risk of great harm, Russell also includes some basic limitations for children’s participation in dangerous sports, and I use these limitations as a general framework for providing a number of additional constraints to render children’s MMA morally permissible.

Children in Boxing and Martial Arts Should Be Better Guarded From Facial Injuries.

Cross-sectional study. Childhood participation in boxing and martial arts has increased over the past decade, and these activities are well-known causes of traumatic injury. We hypothesized that the face is frequently injured in the setting of pediatric boxing and martial arts trauma in the United States and that there are identifiable injury patterns. We performed a cross-sectional study of consecutive pediatric patients in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Patients were included in our study if they were younger than 18 years of age and evaluated in the emergency department (ED) after boxing or martial arts trauma. Primary outcome was facial injury. Other variables of interest include age, sex, ED disposition, type and location of injury. Descriptive and univariate statistics of the primary outcome were computed with these variables. There were 4,978 total pediatric patients injured due to boxing and martial arts trauma reported by NEISS-participating EDs during the study period, and 264 patients experienced injury to the face (264/4978; 5.3%). Over 20% (n = 60) of reported facial injuries were fractures; the most fractured structure was the nose (42/60; 70), orbit (11/60; 18.3%), and mandible (6/60; 10%). Almost 20% (11/60%) of pediatric facial fractures due to boxing and martial arts trauma involved fighting a family member or friend, and a punch was the most common mode of fracture (42/58; 72.4%). Facial injuries comprise about 5% of injuries after boxing and martial arts trauma and 22% of these facial injuries are fractures. If children choose to participate, parents, coaches, trainers, officials, and community leaders should make the greatest effort possible to minimize risk, including the mandatory use of head and face protective gear and elimination of training fighting, or "sparring."

Verification of Mediating Effects of Training Attitude on the Relationship between Motivation for Participation in Security MARTIAL ARTS and Training Flow of Students Majoring in Security Services

Verification of Mediating Effects of Training Attitude on the Relationship between Motivation for Participation in Security MARTIAL ARTS and Training Flow of Students Majoring in Security Services

The effects of martial arts participation on mental and psychosocial health outcomes: a randomised controlled trial of a secondary school-based mental health promotion program

BackgroundMental health problems are a significant social issue that have multiple consequences, including broad social and economic impacts. However, many individuals do not seek assistance for mental health problems. Limited research suggests martial arts training may be an efficacious sports-based mental health intervention that potentially provides an inexpensive alternative to psychological therapy. Unfortunately, the small number of relevant studies and other methodological problems lead to uncertainty regarding the validity and reliability of existing research. This study aims to examine the efficacy of a martial arts based therapeutic intervention to improve mental health outcomes.Methods/designThe study is a 10-week secondary school-based intervention and will be evaluated using a randomised controlled trial. Data will be collected at baseline, post-intervention, and 12-week follow-up. Power calculations indicate a maximum sample size of n = 293 is required. The target age range of participants is 11–14 years, who will be recruited from government and catholic secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. The intervention will be delivered in a face-to-face group format onsite at participating schools and consists of 10 × 50–60 min sessions, once per week for 10 weeks. Quantitative outcomes will be measured using standardised psychometric instruments.DiscussionThe current study utilises a robust design and rigorous evaluation process to explore the intervention’s potential efficacy. As previous research examining the training effects of martial arts participation on mental health outcomes has not exhibited comparable scale or rigour, the findings of the study will provide valuable evidence regarding the efficacy of martial arts training to improve mental health outcomes.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12618001405202. Registered 21st August 2018.

‘The Nordic female fighter’: Exploring women’s participation in mixed martial arts in Norway and Sweden

The purpose of this article is to investigate women’s participation in mixed martial arts in the Nordic countries. The study is based on a qualitative and quantitative methodological approach consisting of individual interviews and focus group interviews with Swedish female mixed martial arts fighters and data from a Norwegian survey of participants in Norwegian mixed martial arts clubs. A total of 12 female fighters were interviewed, while 484 respondents participated in the survey. The results show that women exercising mixed martial arts contain a potential to act as feminist role models through their counter-hegemonic renegotiation of norms and views on femininity and, more specifically, the perception of femininity as something fragile and passive. Despite this progressive potential, the informants unanimously affirm that combat sports in general and in different ways are dominated by males. The data indicates that women still represent a small and marginalised group among mixed martial arts participants in the Nordic countries. Furthermore, women participating in mixed martial arts compete less and are less motivated by performance enhancement (developing as fighters, winning fights/tournaments/titles) compared to the male participants. However, both male and female participants value health and fun as the most important reasons for their participation in mixed martial arts training groups.

Reality to Dream: Western Pop in Eastern Avant-Garde (Re-)Presentations of Socialism's End – the Case of Laibach

Reality to Dream: Western Pop in Eastern Avant-Garde (Re-)Presentations of Socialism's End – the Case of Laibach

Participation and Injury in Martial Arts.

Martial arts encompass a variety of formal movements and traditions that can be practiced for self-defense, competition, physical fitness, motor development, and emotional growth. There are both noncombat forms that have less risk of injury and sparring/combat elements that have increased potential for injury. This article will review several common types of martial arts and the potential health benefits of participation. Common injuries of each discipline will be discussed with a focus on potential injury risk reduction efforts, such as protective padding and more focused rule enforcement. Special attention will be placed on head injuries/concussions, how forced or rapid weight loss may be a detriment to overall health, and the particular risk found in mixed martial arts competitions.

SELECTED ASPECTS OF MARTIAL ARTS FOR HEALTH UNDERLYING THEIR PRO-ACTIVE INFLUENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PLASTICITY

The aim of this study is to extend the knowledge of selected aspect of of taekwon-do (martial art) for health in the context of central nervous system plasticity. This paper aims at presenting the results of the research and concepts that contribute to the understanding of the value of development and teaching of taekwon-do and other martial arts in the context of the notion of contact. The research data indicate that there are substantial arguments that allow us to state that participation in martial arts is strictly connected with an integrated activity in different fields of child’s and adolescent’s development. In the case of adults (included patients with musculoskeletal chronic pain) it supports the functioning of the nervous system. Based on the research approach specified as neuroscience, one can interpret the research reports present in literature, that indicate positive changes in particular brain structures, involved, among others, in the ability to concentrate, as a result of this training.

Social Determinants of Attitudes towards Health in Martial Arts: comparison between combat sports and combat systems and martial arts practitioners

Background. The theoretical perspective for this research is inspired by Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts, the anthropology of martial arts, the sociology of health, and the sociology of physical culture/sociology of sport. Aim. This research poses two research problems. The first research problem attempts to determine the significance of the social dimension of martial arts participation, comparatively, in Poland, the Czech Republic and the United States of America. The second research problem seeks the social determinants of attitudes towards health - the behavioural component. Methods. Respondents (n = 112) were students of martial arts, combat sports and combat systems from the USA, Poland and the Czech Republic. A diagnostic survey was used - Questionnaire of Health Behavior of Martial Arts Students. The variables used for comparison in the chi-square tests were: education, types of martial arts, pro-health choices, cultural area and parental level of education. Results. Results showed that the level of education, cultural origin and health choices were not related to practising martial arts, combat sports and combat systems. Conclusions. The level of education did not affected respondents' decisions to engage in practising combat sports and combat systems or martial arts (non-contact). Parental educational level, which is related to the social background, is related to practising combat sports and combat systems or martial arts (non-contact). There are no differences between cultural origin with regard to practising combat sports and combat systems or martial arts (non-contact); 4) There are no differences between cultural origin of people practising combat sports and combat systems or martial arts (non-contact) and healthy lifestyles.

The Influence of Overcoming an Obstacle Factors with Martial arts Participation Avoidance Factors of College Students

The Influence of Overcoming an Obstacle Factors with Martial arts Participation Avoidance Factors of College Students