Participation In France Research Articles

Франко-американское партнерство на современном этапе

The article examines US–France relations, in particular within the NATO framework, as well as positions of France in the Alliance, its participation in NATO operations and its desire to play a more active role in this organization. The pilot of American interests in the Asian-Pacific region and events in Ukraine revive aspirations of Europeans for more active building of the “European defense”. The France-Britain military collaboration is developing intensively. However, France considers the formation of the “European army” as a question of a very long-term perspective. The article also examines the stance of France on the free trade zone between the EU and the U.S. The Atlantic solidarity is one of the most important directions in the French foreign policy. In power, Francois Hollande continues his predecessor's policy in this sphere. Nowadays, France demonstrates the accordance with the US almost in all international issues from Syria to Ukraine. France has shown its dependence on the US policy in such questions as “Mistrals” delivery to Russia and the attitude to the Ukrainian crisis. The scandal around the American ANB spying after French political and business elite did not destroy this dependence. The participation of France in NATO is the most important format of transatlantic relations. The French expert association and opposition forces constantly criticize the transatlantic direction of Hollande's foreign policy. The greater and greater part of French elite stands for the returning of an independent voice of France in international affairs. The great anxiety in French society is provoked by the U.S. pulling into the crusade against Russia. However, in the present situation, French leaders are not going to spoil relations with their transatlantic partner, because they believe that only together with the U.S. they can counter contemporary challenges of the modern world.

Child Care and Labour Market Participation in France: Do Monetary Incentives Matter?

This paper presents a model of the child care arrangements and labour supply of mothers with young children (under three). We use French data to estimate simultaneously mothers' labour force participation and type of child care chosen. The independent variables include estimated child care costs and mother's potential incomes obtained by simulating the benefits and taxes associated with different participation choices (working full-time, part-time or out of the labour market). Availability of free child care (from family and relatives) is also taken into account. We show that monetary incentives do play a role. Child care costs have a direct effect on mothers'

Changes in the burden of chronic HIV infection on workforce participation in France since the early 2000s: a role of socioeconomic recession?

Background In the early 2000s, HIV infection negatively affected individuals’ chances of workforce participation. Major changes occurred in the past decade, including major improvements in HIV care and an unprecedented economic crisis, may have modified this burden of HIV. We aimed to measure changes in the burden of HIV infection on employment status in France during the years 2000s. Methods We used data from the ANRS-VESPA and VESPA2 studies, two national representative surveys conducted among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in France …

Badiou in China?: Re-translations of French Maoism and inaesthetics

Abstract This article explores the origins of Alain Badiou’s philosophy of art in his engagements with Maoism in order to speculate about the potential impact of that philosophy on contemporary Chinese art and art criticism. Utilizing the broad concept of ‘translation’, the article first situates Badiou’s position on art in relation to the translation of Maoism in France and his personal participation in France’s experience of May 1968. It is then argued that French Maoism was interpreted through pre-existing avant-gardist models of aestheticized politics that largely departed from what was happening in China during the Cultural Revolution. By understanding Badiou’s critique of the depoliticizing effects of this avant-gardist conflation of art and politics, it is possible to understand more clearly his later concept of ‘inaesthetics’. Although it is a theoretical piece, this article aims to encourage a mutual ‘translation’ between Badiou’s work and contemporary Chinese art and art criticism.

The Groupe de Recherche d’Art Visuel against the Technocrats

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsLily WoodruffLily Woodruff's research focuses on modern and contemporary art in France, with particular interest in its transnational dialogues and interdisciplinary influences. Her manuscript in process, “Disordering the Establishment: Art, Display, and Participation in France, 1958–81,” examines conceptual, kinetic, and media-based art designed to subvert normalizing institutions during a period of economic affluence, political conservatism, and social upheaval. Her article on the French conceptual photographer Didier Bay was recently published in the online journal nonsite.org, and her exhibition reviews have appeared in caa.reviews.

Political activists: French and Germans compared – Review of Oscar W. Gabriel, Silke I. Keil and Eric Kerrouche, Political Participation in France and Germany

Political Participation in France and Germany Colchester, UK: ECPR Presses, 2012 is the first volume of its kind. Its editors, Oscar W. Gabriel, Silke I. Keil and Eric Kerrouche, have put together an original and unusual work that compares political behavior in the two neighboring countries in a direct manner. While considering multiple forms of political activism, from conventional events to unconventional acts, the authors of the various chapters highlight the many similarities and few differences that these two countries reveal in the way in which citizens act politically. In the end, the overall conclusions side with a stronger evidence of healthy political participation on the part of French and Germans alike, despite their respective countries’ different political systems, but with a peculiar preference for unconventional, violence-prone protest activities in France, contrary to the corresponding German support for law-abiding acts. The volume’s findings seem to replicate a historical stereotype of the two countries, according to previous groundwork in comparative political behavior studies.

Comments by the Chairman

The European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 2012) was held on September 24-28, 2012, in Biarritz, France. The latest advances in the field of radiation effects on electronic and photonic materials, devices, circuits, sensors, and systems, were presented and discussed. The conference featured a Technical Program, an Industrial Exhibit, and one day meeting on radiation ground effects held on September 24 (RADGROUND). The conference gathered 390 attendees, scientists and engineers from 26 countries, with a high participation of France (101), USA (80), Russia (50), Spain (28), Germany (28), and U.K. (25). Raoul Velazco, from TIMA Labs, was in charge of the Technical Program, assisted by a Technical Program Committee listed below and a pool ofmore than 150 reviewers which contributed maintain the high level of quality reached since many years by the RADECS conferences. The total number of contributions reached 201 and each paper received at least four reviews. There were 145 papers accepted and presented in the Oral Sessions (48), Poster Sessions (69), and Data Workshop (28). The scope of the conference encompassed technological processes and design techniques for producing radiation tolerant systems for space, aeronautical or terrestrial applications, as well as relevant methodologies for their characterization and qualification. The Conference Record, gathering all the papers compliant with IEEE quality standards and editorial rules, is available through the IEEE Xplore Digital Library. The paper candidates and selected for publication in the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE will be published in this special issue.

‘Les anglicismes polluent la langue française’. Purist attitudes in France and Quebec

ABSTRACTIt is often claimed that France is a particularly purist country; the Académie française is seen to be representative of a purist outlook and popular works such as Étiemble's attack on English influence Parlez vous franglais? (Étiemble, 1964) have served to bolster this view. However, this claim has not been empirically verified. In order to determine whether or not the rhetoric around purism in France matches the reality, we developed a questionnaire to investigate whether or not ordinary speakers of French in France are purist, taking the theoretical framework in George Thomas's Linguistic Purism as a base (Thomas, 1991). This questionnaire was distributed online to a random sample of participants in France. To contextualise the findings, the questionnaire was also distributed to French speakers in Quebec. The results of the study show that, contrary to expectations, the French respondents display only mild purism and the Québécois respondents are more purist in the face of English borrowings (external purism). However, the French respondents are more concerned with the structure or ‘quality’ of the French language itself (internal purism) than their Québécois counterparts. This study also highlights some problems with Thomas's framework, which requires some modification for future research.

The comparability of quantitative surveys on sport participation in France (1967–2010)

Results from quantitative surveys enable historians, sociologists and demographers to describe and analyse the evolution of sport participation in France from 1967 to 2010. However, most of these social scientists use the results of these surveys to create very different methodologies without having studied the surveys’ empirical data or databases. In this article, we demonstrate how we have attempted to establish a basis for comparability of the surveys by analysing these databases. As a result of our work, certain affirmations on which the history of sport participation in France has long been based may be called into question or even changed. This comparison raises the question of the distinction between the work of statisticians on the one hand, and that of historians, sociologists and demographers on the other.

Changing policies, challenging theories and persisting inequalities: Social disparities in cultural participation in France from 1981 to 2008

Based on a comparison of the French cultural practices surveys of 1981 and 2008, this article shows a strong inertia of the structuring principles of the inequalities in cultural participation—despite the changes that occurred meanwhile in cultural policies. Beyond the theoretical controversies in the sociology of culture that developed during this same period, the retrospective analysis also suggests the prevalence of class inequalities that neither reduces to a simple inequality in the volume of cultural consumption nor to a simple opposition between highbrow and lowbrow repertoires, but rather should be considered as a combination of the two.

Understanding career experiences of skilled minority ethnic workers in France and Germany

Human resource management literature pays little attention to the agency of skilled ethnic minorities in Europe in terms of explaining their career choices and outcomes. As a step towards addressing this gap, we draw on two field studies based on qualitative interviews. One of these studies draws on interviews with 49 participants in France, and the other is based on interviews with 30 participants in Germany. Through a Bourdieuan analysis, we contribute to the human resource management literature, and demonstrate the varied forms that the agency of highly skilled ethnic minorities takes, in terms of their work experiences, in the context of structures of inequality in both countries.

Employee participation in France and Germany

The author considers the positions taken by two European countries which have always taken employee participation seriously. Article by legal scholar Dr Frank Wooldridge, published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.

Impact of Diabetes on Work Cessation

OBJECTIVETo measure the impact of diabetes on work cessation, i.e., on the risks of work disability, early retirement, and death while in the labor force.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe used data from the GAZEL prospective cohort of 20,625 employees of the French national gas and electricity company “EDF-GDF.” We identified 506 employees with diabetes and randomly selected 2,530 nondiabetic employed control subjects matched for major sociodemographic and occupational characteristics. Using a multistate Cox model, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the risks of transition from employment to disability, retirement, and death over time between participants with versus without diabetes.RESULTSEmployment rate decreased more rapidly in participants with diabetes (51.9 and 10.1% at 55 and 60 years, respectively) compared with nondiabetic participants (66.5 and 13.4%, respectively). Participants with diabetes had significantly increased risks of transition from employment to disability (HR 1.7 [95% CI 1.0–2.9]), retirement (HR 1.6 [1.5–1.8]), and death (HR 7.3 [3.6–14.6]) compared with participants without diabetes. Between 35 and 60 years, each participant with diabetes lost an estimated mean time of 1.1 year in the workforce (95% CI 0.99–1.14) compared with a nondiabetic participant.CONCLUSIONSOur results provide evidence for a profound negative impact of diabetes on workforce participation in France. Social and economic consequences are major for patients, employers, and society—a burden that is likely to increase as diabetes becomes more and more common in the working-aged population.

Political Participation in France among Non-European-Origin Migrants: Segregation or Integration?

This article examines the political incorporation of minority migrant groups in Western Europe by analysing voting rates. I present the first quantitative data that compare turnout rates among multiple minority migrant groups in France and show that non-European-origin migrant groups have lower turnout rates than native French metropolitans. I claim neighbourhood effects can explain these turnout differences, suggesting that the underlying determinants of minority migrant voting behaviour in France are similar to those of native metropolitans. However, because non-European-origin migrants are more likely than native metropolitans to live in disadvantaged urban areas they have lower turnout rates.

Effect of Age and Food Novelty on Food Memory

The influence of age of the consumer and food novelty on incidentally learned food memory was investigated by providing a meal containing novel and familiar target items under the pretense of a study on hunger feelings to 34 young and 36 older participants in France and to 24 young and 20 older participants in Denmark and testing them a day later on recognition of the targets among a set of distractors that were variations of the target made by adding or subtracting taste (sour or sweet) or aroma (orange or red berry flavor). Memory was also tested by asking participants to indicate whether the target and the distractors were equal to or less or more intense than the remembered target in sourness sweetness and aroma. The results showed that when novelty is defined as whether people know or not a given product, it has a strong influence on memory performance, but that age did not, the elderly performing just as well as the young. The change in the distractors was more readily detected with familiar than with novel targets where the participants were still confused by the target itself. Special attention is given to the influence of the incidental learning paradigm on the outcome and to the ways in which it differs from traditional recognition experiments.

Rethinking diversity and difference in French language practices

This paper contributes to a debate on linguistic identity and social participation in France by providing a critical reading of language policy and practice. It challenges the notion that France is a linguistically homogenous nation where a standardised French language is universally practiced and, rather, seeks to reframe linguistic diversity and heterogeneity as fundamental and legitimate constitutive features of French society. In exploring diversity from this critical perspective, the paper looks to the ways in which a number of artists and language activists are deliberately and consciously transgressing normative notions of French to affirm the legitimacy of their alterity and difference. The paper does not make an argument against the legitimacy or social value of standard French, but rather argues in favour of a more critical and inclusive approach to cultural and linguistic difference in France.

Comparative advertising in markets where brands and comparative advertising are novel

Several recent studies have investigated international differences in advertising practices. Most of these address advertising in general, leaving the transferability of comparative advertising practices largely unexplored. Based on a theoretical framework of consumer skepticism toward novel information, we conducted a cross-national study to examine the effectiveness of comparative ad format and message content advertising executions under conditions of market and sponsor brand novelty, and loyalty toward the comparison brand. Analyses of responses from participants in France, the Netherlands, and the United States indicate that novelty of the brand and novelty of the practice of comparative advertising interact with various ad elements to produce both desirable and undesirable outcomes.

Democratic ‘Misfit’? Conceptions of Civil Society Participation in France and the European Union

The European Union's attempts to improve its democratic character increasingly often lead to debates about how to include civil society organizations in its decision-making processes. However, this interpretation of participatory democracy seems at odds with democratic traditions in a number of member states. Among those, France is said to be at the diametrically opposite end of the EU democratization debate spectrum. French democratic thought is based on government through electoral representation. The aim of this article is to analyze both theoretically and empirically the discourse and participatory processes in both the EU and France. While normative approaches to democratic patterns in the EU and French political debate show important differences, empirical evidence suggests that the misfit between the European and French conception of democracy is less developed than one might believe.

Labor market participation in France: an asymptotic least squares analysis of couples’ decisions

This paper examines the interactions between spouses’ decisions to join the labor force. We use the asymptotic least squares method in order to estimate a system of equations with limited dependent variables. We find that when spouse’s decision-making is modeled as simultaneous, this affects primarily the man’s participation equation who appears to be positively influenced by whether the woman works or not, by the number of children and by the birth of a child. The woman’s decision to participate is not affected by whether the man participates or not and depends negatively of the number of children and the birth of a child. This implies that there is a female leadership in decisions to participate in the labor market and that the added-worker effect should be reinterpreted as a function of demography rather than unemployment.

Socioeconomic Differences in the Impact of HIV Infection on Workforce Participation in France in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

We sought to measure the difference in employment rates between HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative persons and to establish whether this difference varied according to the HIV-infected persons' socioeconomic position as defined by education level. We used data from the VESPA (VIH: Enquête Sur les Personnes Atteintes) study, a large cross-sectional survey conducted among a nationally representative sample of 2932 HIV-infected patients in France. Age-, gender-, nationality-, and education-standardized employment rates were estimated with the French general population as the reference. The differences in employment rates with the general population were computed overall and according to education level. Compared with that of the general population, the overall employment rate was 25% lower (95% confidence interval [CI]=16%, 32%) among HIV-infected patients diagnosed before 1994 and 9% lower (95% CI = 5%, 16%) among HIV-infected patients diagnosed from 1994 onward. The difference in employment rates with the general population was significantly higher among patients with a low education level. The employment rate of highly educated HIV-infected patients diagnosed from 1994 onward did not differ from that of the general population. HIV infection was associated with decreased workforce participation among those with a low education level but not among highly educated individuals.