Participation In Family Planning Research Articles

Family and facility care variables attributing to postnatal depression among women in two tribal-dominated districts of Odisha: Log model analysis to suggest intervention.

It is a proven fact that women are affected by poor mental health predominantly in the postnatal period. This is authenticated by the use of a validated and tested Edinburg Postnatal Depression scale (EPNS), which is a simple tool to measure depression among women after delivery by posing 10 questions and this is also validated in Odia language. Odisha has made laudable progress in delivering Maternal and Child Health care to women even in tribal-dominated districts through its robust Comprehensive Obstetrics care network restricting home delivery almost to a mere 4%-5% and reducing maternal deaths by 60%-70% as per the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). As a part of an Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) extramural project to enhance contraceptive acceptance among males in districts that had a total fertility rate (TFR) higher than 3, a qualitative objective to measure mean postnatal depression in the early postpartum period (who are also the target to advocate contraceptive acceptance) was undertaken. A secondary objective was to compare family care vs. facility care as greater attributing factors for higher EPNS scores. Due to time constraints, the study was done on a fast-track mode wherein two villages each from the sampled blocks of Koraput and Boudh (with one of the highest birth rates) were selected. All women in villages who had a baby aged between 1 and 6 months, were the sampling frame and only those were selected who consented. A questionnaire was used that elicited information on familial sociodemographic details and also facility-based antenatal care (ANC) and postdelivery services that were availed for the last-born child. General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) scores were used as an independent variable and a proxy measure of cumulative familial stress. Descriptives and log regression were used to measure the odds of family vs. facility-based services. A total of 98 women, 50 from Boudh and 48 from Koraput, participated in the study. Koraput's mean EPNS scores were 6 points higher than Boudh indicating much higher postnatal poor mental health. Log models showed that there was no difference between facility-based care in both districts as both reported 96%-97.3% institutional delivery, with out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP) being less than 520 Indian rupees on average and nearly 100% reported receipt of iron folic acid and calcium as well as streamlined Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) services. However, the odds of men's participation in Family planning was 2.77 times less in Koraput (SD = 2.582), fourth birth order 1.33 odds, and female gender 5.66 odds higher for the district as a result of which GHQ 12 score mean was 21.00 (CI: 19.18-22.82) hinting very high psychological stress as compared with Boudh where the mean was 17 (CI: 14.59-19.41). This clearly indicates that a robust healthcare delivery alone will not be able to address the holistic health of women in the childbearing age group. Familial stressors compound poor mental health and hence counseling of the family as a whole is necessary to achieve sound mental health in women in the postnatal period. The spousal role is emerging as a strong determinant, especially in terms of nonacceptance or casual approach to contraceptive use. Interestingly, a skewed gender bias is noted for the female child, which is also a contributor to postnatal depression (PND) in both districts, though a bigger sample would be needed to statistically prove it.

Deconstructing Masculinity in Gender Equality Campaigns (Study of Participation of Men with Family Planning in DRPPA Penyamun Pemali Bangka)

The current family planning (KB) program approach not only aims to control the population and reduce fertility levels, but also to ensure the fulfillment of reproductive rights. Men's participation in this program is considered important because they are women's partners in matters of reproduction and sexuality, so responsibility must be shared equally between men and women. This research aims to identify how the local government carries out deconstruction in the gender equality campaign in the Penyamun DRPPA, Pemali District, Bangka Regency, as well as to understand community perceptions of men's participation in family planning programs. This research method is a descriptive qualitative study, using data collection through FGD, in-depth interviews, observation and documentation studies. The research results show that the campaign for men's participation in family planning is carried out through advocacy, communication, information and education (KIE), but it is still more aimed at women. Even though there have been deconstruction efforts from the central to the village level, men's participation in family planning has still not reached an adequate level. The public's perception of men's participation in family planning in Penyamun Village is still limited to the level of knowledge, because the campaign carried out only brings changes in knowledge. Factors such as patriarchal culture, religion, and shame play a role in maintaining the role of family planning among women

Effectiveness of Counseling on Long-Term Contraceptive Methods through Leaflets during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia is currently entering a new normal period or the implementation of the New Habit Adaptation protocol. This condition has reduced the number of family planning participation so that it is feared that it could cause a baby boom or an increase in the number of pregnancies and births. For this reason, serious efforts need to be made in order to increase the number of family planning participation again. During this Covid-19 pandemic, as much as possible should avoid crowds so that cases of Covid-19 transmission do not occur. One of the efforts that can be done is through counseling with leaflet media. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of health education using media leaflets about long-term contraceptive methods during the new normal for women of childbearing age. The study was conducted in Leran Village with a total population of 1, 506 then obtained the number of samples as many as 316 respondents. Sampling technique using probability sampling with proportional random sampling technique. This type of research is a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest one group design. Data analysisused the Wilcoxon test to see the effectiveness anddetermine the difference before and after giving counseling.The result of this research is that there is an effect after it is donecounseling with leaflet media on women of childbearing age knowledge in Leran Village. It is hoped that the role of health workers and health cadres will always carry out promotions and education about the benefits of family planning, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Determinants for male involvement in family planning and contraception in Nakawa Division, Kampala, Uganda; An urban slum qualitative study.

Current evidence shows that male involvement in family planning (FP) is crucial to women's contraceptive use decisions. This study explored the reasons for male involvement in FP and contraception in slum areas in Nakawa Division, Kampala, Uganda. A qualitative study was conducted among sexually active males in a slum area in Nakawa Division, Kampala. A purposive sampling technique was utilised to recruit 40 men for a Focus Group Discussion (FGDs), and 2 key informants (KI) for critical perspective interviews. A semi-structured FGDs and interview guides were used to collect the data. The FGDs were conducted in both English and the local language, Luganda. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts for both FGDs and KI interviews were imported into the NVivo Qualitative Data Analysis Software version 10 application, and thematic data analysis was conducted. The findings show that males' involvement in FP and its decisions were minimal. The findings also show that several factors emerged as contributing to male's participation in FP and utilisation of contraceptives. Inadequate understanding of FP and contraceptives, lack of clarity on males' role in FP, unfriendly healthcare environment and community members' perceptions of male involvement in FP were reported as reasons contributing to male participation in FP and contraction. There is limited involvement of males in FP. There is a need for renewed efforts that will positively alter the factors that impact male involvement favourably. Promotion and education about FP for males will significantly address issues of limited understanding and clarity of males' role in FP services.

Function of the Media on Family Planning on Community Perception and Participation in Sorong Papua

Attention to the Family Planning (KB) program received priority during the New Order era. The family planning program had even become a government program at the beginning of that period. Before becoming a government program, Family Planning had begun to be socialized by several individuals or private institutions who had an interest in the program. The aim of this research is to find out information sources that provide family planning information to the public, differences in perceptions according to information sources, differences in participation according to perception, differences in participation according to sources of information, and to find out 5 differences in participation according to perception which are controlled by level of education, number of children they have and desire to have another child. The method used in this research is census. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square statistical test using the SPSS program version 17.0. The research results showed that the majority of respondents obtained family planning information through television (58.2%), and there was an influence of information on perceptions and participation in family planning. This is proven by the differences in perception according to exposure to information, participation according to perception and participation according to exposure to information convincingly with a confidence level of 95%. In the control variables, there are significant differences in participation according to education level and number of children (95%), while there is no significant difference in participation according to the desire to have more children. Information determines participation in family planning practices, but does not determine the desire to have more children. This is due to different perceptions of the value of children, so the desire to have more children does not influence participation in family planning practices.

Relationship of Knowledge and Interest with Participation of Family Planning (KB) Postpartum in Trimester III Pregnant Women at Ummu Kultsum Sanipah Clinic 2023

The number of post-natal family planning users in the Sanipah area in 2021 is 82 PUS (80%) out of 1,010 target PUS, in 2022 there will be 89 couples of childbearing age (91%) from 1,118 target PUS. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between knowledge and interest and postpartum family planning participation in third trimester pregnant women. This type of research is analytical observation using a cross sectional design. There is a relationship between knowledge and postnatal family planning (KB) participation (p value: 0.005 < α: 0.05). There is a relationship between knowledge and interest with postnatal family planning participation. It is hoped that health workers will always be active in maximizing postnatal family planning participation by providing counseling.

Male characteristics and contraception in four districts of the central region, Ghana

BackgroundA lack of male involvement in contraception can negatively affect its practice. To promote male participation in family planning, there is a dire need to understand male attributes that play a role in contraception. This study focuses on the male characteristics that influence the practice of traditional and modern methods of contraception.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of quantitative data obtained from the baseline assessment of the Ghana Community-Based Action Teams Study that aimed to prevent violence against women in the Central Region of Ghana in 2016. The analysis included 1742 partnered males aged 18–60 years. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between male characteristics and the practice of contraception (significance level = 0.05).ResultsThe prevalence of contraception was 24.4% (95% CI = 20.8–28.5). Significant male characteristics that were positively associated with the practice of contraception in adjusted models were: post-primary education (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.27–3.04), perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.49–2.26), and the number of main sexual partners (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.15–2.75). However, wanting the first child (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.94) and male controlling behaviour (AOR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.49–0.99) statistically significantly associated with reduced odds of practicing contraception.ConclusionMale partner characteristics influence the practice of contraception. Family planning sensitization and education programs should target males who are less likely to practice contraception.

Healthy Family Indicator in Barombong Village Tamalate District Makassar City

The government created the Healthy Family Indicators (IKS) program to assess or measure the level of progress of healthy families in each region. The Healthy Family Index (IKS) is a calculation of the twelve healthy family indicators for each family whose size ranges from 0 to 1. Families classified as healthy families are families with IKS > 0.8. IKS achievements are still relatively low for several regions in Indonesia, the results of IKS calculations from the 9 initial target provinces namely North Sumatra, South Sumatra, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Banten and South Sulawesi as of June 8 2017 obtained families who have IKS above 0.8 of 0.163 out of 570,326 families (Pusdatin, 2018). This study aims to describe the family indicators and index of healthy families in Barombong Village. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research. Based on the results of the study showed that the healthy family index of 95 families consisted of 32 (33.7%) healthy families, 27 (28.4%) pre-healthy families and 36 (37.9%) unhealthy families. Meanwhile, 62 families (69.7%) participated in the Family Planning program, 6 families (75%) gave birth to mothers, 5 families (83.3%) babies received complete basic immunization, babies received exclusive breastfeeding there were 5 families (55.6%), Toddlers who received growth monitoring there were 10 families (62.5%), there were no pulmonary TB sufferers in 95 families (100%), Patients with hypertension who received regular treatment there were 3 families (50%) ), no mental disorders were found in 95 families (100%), 68 families (71.6%) smoked family members, 75 families (78.9%) had become JKN members, 95 families (100%) these already have clean water facilities, and 95 families (100%) already use healthy latrines. It is recommended that the local puskesmas make policies and efforts to increase family planning participation so that couples of reproductive age (PUS) realize that participating in family planning is to limit birth rates in the long term, make regulations and make appeals not to smoke, especially for areas that are close to members' activities. family.

Pelaksanaan Program Pengendalian Penduduk Di Dinas Pengendalian Penduduk Dan Keluarga Berencana Kota Bitung

This research aims to explain and analyze the implementation of the family planning program at the Population Control and Family Planning Office of Bitung City based on the scientific research process on the science of development resource management. The research was conducted from March to April 2023. This research took place at the Population Control and Family Planning Office of Bitung City. The results showed that the human resources of program implementers were divided into three groups of work units, namely employees at the Bitung City Population Control and Family Planning Office, employees at the District UPTD. Cadres and PPKBD at the kelurahan level. Employees at the Population Control and Family Planning Office of Bitung City have responsibilities in implementing the program in accordance with their main tasks and functions in the field of population control, counseling and mobilization. Employees at the sub-district UPTD in implementing the program conduct counseling, family planning services and family data collection. Cadres and PPKBD at the village level in implementing the program function to increase family planning participation, reduce alocon dropout, reduce stunting rates, help facilitate family planning services, counseling and family assistance and report regularly every month.

Hubungan Kontrasepsi IUD (Intra Uterine Device) Pascasalin 40 Hari Dengan Produksi ASI Pada Ibu Nifas

The Family Planning Service (KB) program in Indonesia is experiencing a stagnant situation which is marked by the lack of increasing several indicators of family planning services, namely the number of participation in family planning (Contraceptive Prevalence Rate = CPR) and unmet need). This study aims to analyze the relationship between 40-day postpartum IUD (Intra Uterine Device) Contraception and Breastmilk Production in Postpartum Mothers in the Work Area of Sumber Health Center, Probolinggo Regency. This research is a quantitative research design with a correlational design using a cross sectional study approach with 33 respondents using accidental sampling technique. Data collection includes coding, editing and tabulating, then analyzed manually and computer with Chi Squaren Test. Based on 33 respondents, most of the IUD Contraceptives were Exactly as many as 20 respondents (60.6%) including those whose breast milk production was current, 15 respondents (45.5%) and those that were not smooth, as many as 5 respondents (15.2%) and obtained P Value: 0.003 and a= 0 ,05 means r < a, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, and there is a relationship between 40 Day Postpartum IUD (Intra Uterine Device) Contraception with Breast Milk Production in Postpartum Mothers in the Work Area of Sumber Health Center, Probolinggo Regency. It is hoped that breastfeeding who does not want to get pregnant again, of course requires safe contraception, does not interfere with the breastfeeding process nor does it affect milk production. There are various personal reasons to regulate the number and spacing of children desired, reducing the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases.

Factors associated with men’s participation in postpartum family planning: a study of Kiswa Health Centre III, Kampala, Uganda

Low uptake of family planning among women is predominantly attributed to low participation of men in postpartum family planning. In order to improve maternal health, strengthening male participation in family planning is an important public health initiative. This study aimed to assess factors associated with participation of men in postpartum care at Kiswa Health Centre III, Nakawa division, Kampala. An analytical cross-sectional study design involving collection of quantitative data was used. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Data entry and cleaning was performed using EpiData version 12 and analysed using Stata version 14. 80.0% of respondents participated in postpartum family planning. Approval of family planning use, knowledge on family planning and information source were significantly associated with male involvement in postpartum family planning. Respondents who approved family planning use at home were 15.5 times more likely to get involved in family planning services as compared to those who didn’t approve family planning. Conclusively, there was a generally high level of male involvement in postpartum family planning in comparison with the national levels. Approval of family planning at home increased the likelihood of men’s participation in family planning. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Evidence has it that short birth intervals of less than 15 months have been found to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including induced abortions, miscarriages, preterm births, neonatal and child mortalities, still births and maternal depletion syndrome. In Africa, generally, low family uptake among women is also attributed to low men participation in postpartum family planning. What do the results of this study add? Approval of family planning use, knowledge on family planning and information source were associated with male involvement in postpartum family planning. Respondents who approved family planning use at home were 15.5 times more likely to get involved in postpartum family planning services as compared to those who didn’t approve family planning. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In this study, the involvement of men was relatively high, but more studies are needed in other locations to compare with this finding. Otherwise, consolidation of such high involvement is highly needed, as this can be a starting point for further improvement.

Family Planning from a Male Perspective: Observations from a Community-Based Cross-sectional Study in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Traditionally, family planning has been considered in the context of maternal and child health, although men play a dominant role in all matters related to reproductive decision-making. This study is carried out to assess the attitude and participation in family planning among currently married males and identify factors influencing the acceptance of male contraception. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chennai in October 2018, which included 180 currently married men by systematic random sampling of eligible couples in the field practice area of Sanjeevarayanpet Primary Health Center (UPHC). Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire in the local language and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Absolute and relative frequencies were estimated for descriptive data while correlates were tested for statistical significance using Pearson or Trend Chi-square tests. Study participants considered two children (82%) and spacing of at least 2 years (95%) as ideal, with spousal communication regarding family planning considered essential by a two-thirds majority. Among the 117 men who reported ever using contraception as a couple, 69% had used a condom vs. 42% and 30% for female spacing methods and tubectomy, respectively. Vasectomy, with nil acceptors, was considered acceptable by only 21% of men. Education, per-capita income, and spousal communication were seen to positively influence male contraceptive use. While married men show considerable commitment to family planning decision-making and practice, the stigma and misconceptions surrounding vasectomy have become ever more prominent. There is a need for the community and the health care system to work together to promote gender equity in family planning.

KARAKTERISTIK AKSEPTOR KB DALAM PEMILIHAN METODE ALAT KONTRASEPSI DI DESA OILIT RAYA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TANIMBAR

The family planning program must consider the issue of gender equality in formulating its priority activities. The choice of using contraceptive methods is influenced by perceptions or previous experiences, knowledge, beliefs, influence factors, social factors and other factors, before making a decision the acceptor seeks information first by considering risk factors, choices and communication. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of family planning acceptors in the selection of contraceptive methods in Olilit Raya village, Tanimbar Islands Regency. The method of this research is descriptive quantitative research with the type of research is retrospective. The study was conducted to determine the characteristics of the respondents, namely age, number of children, JKN participation, desire to have children, age of last child. The population in this study was used as a sample (total sampling), namely all the target family planning acceptors as many as 126 family planning acceptors. The results showed that 73 respondents (57.9%) of family planning acceptors chose to use injectable contraception, 92 respondents (73%) were aged 20-35 years, the highest parity of family planning acceptors was mothers who had multiparous children (90.5%) with the number of children between 2 to 4 people, 102 respondents (81.0%) family planning acceptors have National Health Insurance (JKN), 41 respondents (32.5%) family planning acceptors have children under five, children and adolescents. It is hoped that efforts to increase family planning participation need to be carried out on an ongoing basis with advocacy and KIE/Counseling for family planning services.

Lack of sources of information on the low participation of men using family planning: A Scoping review

Family planning (henceforth; KB) is an attempt to control the number and spacing of children born. At present there are still many low participation of men in using family planning, where people always think that family planning only followed by women and men only as decision maker. The husband’s participation in family planning in Indonesia itself is still very low at around 1,3%. The factors that influence the use of contraception in men are vary, as for the factors that influence the use of contraceptive methods, namely the behavior of seeking contraceptive information. And men;s lack of access to information and services is a barrier to using contraceptive methods. Based on the background mentioned, it is important to conduct a study related to the lack information sources on male participation as family planning acceptors. The puspose of this scoping review is to find out the causes of the lack of information sources on the low interest of men to become family planning acceptors. The method used in the preparation of this scoping review used Arksey and O’Malley guideline the results obtained that the factors causing the low participation of men becoming a family planning acceptor is a factor. Sources of information (mass media, health promotion program) few men hear about contraception from health works and the lack of information about contraceptive services is a barrier for men to become family planning acceptors.

Men's involvement in family planning programs and associated factors from the perspective of women in Afghanistan; a case study

ObjectivesFamily planning is a cornerstone to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. However, men's involvement in family planning has been a challenge in many countries. This study aimed to investigate the participation of men in the family planning programs and related factors from the perspective of women referring to family planning organizations in Herat, Afghanistan 2021. MethodsThe study had a cross-sectional design. The participants of the study consisted of 544 married women aged 15-49 years selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the participation of men in family planning programs. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and analytical methods including Mann-Whitney and Pearson Chi-Square tests were applied in SPSS 21. The answers to the open-end questions were analyzed, coded and classified in two main categories. ResultsThe average age of study participants was 28(±10) years and a significant proportion of them were illiterate (48.5%). Most of the participants were housewives (83.6%) and their husbands were non-professional workers (39.9%). The husbands participated in family planning programs by choosing the type of contraception (29.2%), provision of contraceptives (29.6%) and supporting their wives using them (49.3%). There were statistically significant relationships between women's and their husband's education level, and husband's employment status with the type of participation in family planning. The main incentives for Afghan men to participate family planning were the increased attention of families to the education and needs of children and the health and welfare of the wives. However, cultural norms supporting larger families, the desire for having boy children, the fear of contraception's side effects and religious prohibitions discourage them in using family planning methods. ConclusionA large number of the respondents stated that their spouse participated in family planning programs. It shows the importance and success of family planning centers in promoting sexual and reproductive health and family planning. Study showed that various factors affected men's participation in family planning programs. Recognition of these factors can help policy makers in designing behavioral interventions based on social marketing, and enhancing the effectiveness of these programs.

Determinants of Unmet Need for Family Planning in Sleman District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

One of the things that are of great concern in future development is the population problem, the main thing is population control. The family planning program in Indonesia has been recognized nationally and internationally as one of the programs that have succeeded in reducing fertility rates. However, the high number of unmet needs for family planning is one of the problems in managing family planning programs. Based on family data collection in the year 2021, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) fell to 2.24% after touching the figure of 2.45% in 2019. Meanwhile, the number of unmet needs in 2019 was 14.3%, increasing to 18% in the year 2021. This study aims to describe the influence of unmet needs on the population with the regression model approach. Meanwhile, to analyze the factors that influence the unmet need for family planning in Sleman District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia used primary data with simple random sampling which includes 2 things. First, the identity of the respondent provides an overview of the category of mother's age, mother's education level, mother's occupation, number of last children, husband's education level, husband's age category, husband's occupation, number of last living children, and total family income. Second, the experience of family planning will be described in terms of participation in family planning, reasons for not participating in family planning, desire for family planning, methods of family planning, family planning costs, family planning information, family planning socialization, and respondents' statements. The result is that unmet need has a positive effect on the population. While with primary data showed that the determinants of unmet needs in Sleman District derived from various variables that fall within the scope of the respondent's identity and various variables that fall within the scope of experience in participating in family planning.

Melihat Keikutsertaan Suami dalam Program Keluarga Berencana di Kecamatan Banda Sakti Kota Lhokseumawe

The participation of men in the Family Planning (KB) program, especially the use of contraceptives in Banda Sakti District, Lhokseumawe City is still very low. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors influence men's participation in the family planning program in Banda Sakti District, Lhokseumawe City. The research design used a cross-sectional approach to 66 respondents obtained through simple random sampling technique. The results showed a significant relationship between service quality factors (p value = 0.003, OR = 11.200), knowledge (p value = 0.009, OR = 14.385) and culture (p value = 0.000, RO = 13.300) with male participation in family planning programs. There is no significant relationship between socio-demography (education, income and number of children) and access to services with male participation in family planning in Banda Sakti District, Lhokseumawe City. To increase participation, appropriate methods are needed, especially for conveying information on condom and vasectomy programs as well as increasing family planning promotion through media with attractive packaging variations so that knowledge about contraception increases. And also increase socialization about equality in the use of contraception, not always the wife, husband must also participate as a family planning acceptor.

COMPARISON OF MALE AND FEMALE PARTNERS' KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF FAMILY PLANNING IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA

Background: Male participation in family planning is encouraged to promote its acceptability and practice by their partners. We aimed to compare the knowledge, perception and practice of family planning among male and female partners. It was a cross-sectional study carriedMethodology: out among married men and women in Abakaliki Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. Following ethical approval, interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain needed information. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20. The mean median, mode and standard deviation were calculated for the responses. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. A P-value of <0.05 was considered signicant. The critical mean score for responses entered on the 5-point Likert scale was 3.0. Mean scores of 3 and above were considered good while those less than 3 were considered poor. There were responses from 62 married men and 65 married women. Awareness about familyResults: planning was good among both men and women (P=0.085). However, the sources of their awareness on family planning differ signicantly with 32 hearing about it over the radio and 45 women hearing about it in the hospital (P=0.000). The perception that family planning is the responsibility of both husband and wife was similar among the men and women (P>0.927). They both agreed that traditional family planning is acceptable (P=0.447). They both agreed the use of family planning is good for a healthy family (P=0.344). They both agreed that men should use family planning (P=0.625). Most men and women have never used any family planning method (0.934). Couples rarely discuss family planning (0.675). Also, couples rarely attend family planning clinics together (0.811). Majority of both men and women did not use any method (P=0.870) and when they use, they most commonly used method is the condom (P=0.944). Also, majority of both men and women did not discuss the methods with their spouses (P=0.944) Both men and women have good knowledge of family planning. Sources of information however differConclusion: signicantly, being radio jingles for men and hospital visits for women. Both show poor uptake with majority not using any method. Spousal communication among couples and male involvement are poor. The male condom is the commonest method used by both men and women. We recommend policies that target the couple in family planning programs to encourage male participation as well as increase the uptake by both men and women.

Barriers to male condom use in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh: A qualitative study

Rohingya people are often called the most persecuted minority in the world. Currently, almost 800,000 Rohingya refugees live in temporary shelters in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. More than one-quarter of them are women and girls of reproductive age who are at increased risk of unplanned pregnancies, unsafe abortions and related complications. However, the use of contraception remains inadequate, and particularly use of condoms and male participation is scarce. This study examines the barriers to condom use as a contraceptive method among married Rohingya couples. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews of married Rohingya men and women and thematically analysed the data. Depo Provera injections and pills are the dominant forms of contraception. Men's participation in family planning and contraceptive use is rare, and so is the use of condoms. Participants identified several barriers to condom use, including contraception being the responsibility of the women, socio-cultural issues, the stigma attached to condoms, unfamiliarity with condoms, the limitations of condoms, and issues of security in conjugal life. Health workers do not promote condoms in the same way as other contraceptive methods. Condom use and men's participation in contraception use are rare in Rohingya camps. The involvement of family planning workers who are males may help to promote the use of condoms and increase the method-mix options of contraceptives. La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.

Male involvement in family planning in a rural area of India.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Family planning is one of the essential health care services to promote and ensure reproductive health. Nearly 40.2 percent of men think it as a woman’s responsibility as per the National Family Health Survey 4. Not much attention has been given to the male partners in the usage of contraceptives. So, this study was conducted to assess the male participation in family planning among married males in a rural area of Chhattisgarh.Methodology:A sample of 365 married males were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire at a primary health care center.Results:Only 48 (13.1%) participants were using condoms or male sterilization as a method of contraception at the time of the study. Good involvement of males in family planning was found to be (10.9%) in our study. Those who were above the poverty line and educated (graduation and above) had good involvement in family planning. The chief reason cited for not opting for male sterilization by participants was fear of physical weakness followed by family opposition.Conclusion:The socio-cultural barrier in itself demotivates men from getting involved in the family planning program. This study recommends increasing health literacy regarding family planning among men by including it in the school curriculum and through awareness activities and counseling that influences them positively and motivates them to accept contraceptive services and shared decision making. Sterilization facilities should be made accessible to them to further encourage them.