Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Research Articles

How Does Perceived University Support Boost Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions?

AbstractThis investigation aims to study the influence of psychological characteristics, entrepreneurial education, and students’ perceptions of institutional support provided by higher education institutions (HEIs) on entrepreneurial intention. For the development of this research, a questionnaire was applied to students in the areas of economic and business sciences, who were attending the final year of their Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees. The data was collected from three HEIs in the North of Portugal, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the proposed model. By addressing the combined effects of perceived institutional support and entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions, this research offers both theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, this study extends the application of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by integrating the concepts of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial mindset. The research highlights the positive impact of perceived HEI support and entrepreneurial education on students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which, in turn, influences their adherence to planned behavior and the development of an entrepreneurial mindset. This nuanced understanding advances the discourse on how educational environments can shape entrepreneurial intentions. Practically, the findings provide actionable insights for HEIs, enabling them to evaluate and enhance their support mechanisms and educational programs to more effectively cultivate entrepreneurial intentions among students. This research is, therefore, original in its approach, addressing a critical gap in the literature by empirically examining the combined effects of psychological characteristics, entrepreneurial education, and perceived HEI support on entrepreneurial intention. Through this investigation, we contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive entrepreneurial intention, thus offering a foundation for universities to optimize their strategies in support of student entrepreneurship.

Analysing the Influence of Augmented Reality on Organization Performance via Supply and Logistics Value Chain Functions: A Hybrid ANN-PLS Model Assessment in the Gulf Cooperation Council Region

Background: Despite the resurgence of interest in augmented reality (AR) due to Industry 4.0 and its ability to resolve several challenges faced by current business models, comprehensive research examining the capabilities of AR in supply chain management (SCM) and logistics remains limited. This article aims to investigate the potential effects of AR technology on organizational performance through the mediation role of SCM and logistics value chain functions to address the existing knowledge gap. Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional design and an explanatory survey as a deductive approach for hypothesis development. The primary data collection method involved the self-administration of a questionnaire to furniture suppliers located in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), including six countries. Of the 656 questionnaires submitted to suppliers, 483 were considered usable, yielding a response rate of 73.6%. The research utilized partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques to evaluate the gathered data. Results: The current paper’s statistical evidence demonstrates that AR implementation has a positive impact on the supply and logistics value chain activities and organizational performance of furniture suppliers in the GCC region. Moreover, it illustrates that the design and planning variable of supply chain value dominates as the primary predictor of organization performance. The results indicated that the ANN strategy provided a more comprehensive explanation of internally generated constructs compared to the PLS-SEM technique. Conclusions: This study demonstrates its usefulness by advising furniture industry decision-makers on what to avoid and what aspects to consider when creating plans and regulations. The report also suggests operations managers apply machine learning (ANN) for prediction and decision-making in supply and operations value chains. This essay looks at how the AR and resource-based supply value chain view may affect company performance across countries, firm sizes, and ages.

Harnessing Collaborative Innovation: How Knowledge Sharing Drives Performance in Philippine Hardware MSMEs

The study examines the mediating effect of knowledge sharing on the relationship between collaborative innovation capabilities and innovation performance within hardware companies in the Philippines. It seeks to fill the gap in local research by exploring how collaborative efforts and knowledge-sharing practices influence the innovation outcomes of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the hardware sector. A quantitative approach was employed, surveying operational managers from 80 hardware companies in Metro Manila. The study used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the relationships between collaborative innovation capabilities, knowledge sharing, and innovation performance. The study found that collaborative innovation capabilities have a significant positive effect on innovation performance. Additionally, knowledge sharing acts as an important mediator, enhancing the effectiveness of collaborative efforts in driving innovation outcomes. This study provides valuable insights into the hardware industry in the Philippines, where there is a lack of local research on the dynamics of collaboration, knowledge sharing, and innovation. It offers practical implications for hardware MSMEs, highlighting the importance of fostering collaboration and implementing effective knowledge-sharing systems to drive innovation and maintain competitiveness in a fast-paced market.

Developing a Customer Satisfaction Model for Non-Wage Recipients at BPJS Employment Office, West Kalimantan Province

This study aims to develop a customer satisfaction model for BPJS Employment participants who are non-wage recipients (BPU) in West Kalimantan Province. The research focuses on the impacts of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), service quality, government role, and customer trust on participant satisfaction. Using a quantitative methodology with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data from 384 respondents was analyzed. Findings indicate that CRM and service quality are significant factors in customer satisfaction, with customer trust enhancing these effects. The government’s role further moderates satisfaction, suggesting policy and regulatory support are essential for public sector service providers.

Investigating the Determinants of Dengue Outbreak in Oman: A Study in Seeb.

This study investigates the key factors contributing to the dengue outbreak in Oman. Data on climate (e.g., temperature, humidity, wind pace), population traits (e.g., populace density), and vector dynamics (e.g., mosquito density) within the Seeb district of Oman from 2022 to 2023 were gathered. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed to study which variables affect dengue outbreaks. The results indicate that climatic factors significantly affect the dengue vector (β = -0.361, p < 0.001) but do not directly impact the dengue outbreak. Population characteristics, however, have a more substantial impact on dengue transmission, with a total effect (β = 0.231, p = 0.002) being relatively higher than that of the vector itself (total effect: β = 0.116, p < 0.001). Even with ongoing vector intervention efforts, the study underscores the need to include innovative public health interventions when considering environmental and demographic factors. More advantageous surveillance and focused interventions in excessive-threat regions are essential to mitigate the effect of dengue in Oman.

Perilaku Impulse Buying Konsumen pada Produk Lifestyle dengan Pendekatan Theory Of Planned Behavior

Increasing economic growth and development of the retail industry in Indonesia has strengthened competition among retail business players. Therefore, one way for companies to compete with other retail businesses is to understand the factors that trigger impulsive buying behavior. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the factors in the Theory of Planned Behavior, namely attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on impulse buying behavior, either directly or indirectly through impulse buying intention. The sampling method used is non-probability sampling, and the technique to be used is purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with a sample size of 165 respondents. The results of the study prove that attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control influence impulse buying intention. Attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control influence impulse buying behavior, either directly or through impulse buying intention. Additionally, impulse buying intention influences impulse buying behavior. This research contributes to companies in designing marketing strategies to shape consumers impulsive buying behavior. Keywords: Impulse Buying, Attitude Toward the Behavior, Subjective Norm dan Perceived Behavioral Control.

Eco-Control and Its Dual Impact on Environmental and Economic Performance

This study examines the dual impact of eco-control on both environmental and economic performance in the manufacturing sector. Drawing on data from 183 managers of manufacturing companies in Indonesia, this research employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse the relationships between eco-control, environmental performance, and economic performance. The findings reveal that eco-control significantly enhances environmental performance, which in turn positively influences economic outcomes. Additionally, eco-control has a direct positive effect on economic performance, suggesting that firms with robust eco-control mechanisms are more likely to achieve greater operational efficiency and financial success. The mediation analysis further confirms that environmental performance plays a crucial role in transmitting the positive effects of eco-control to economic performance. These results contribute to the growing body of literature on sustainability and corporate strategy by demonstrating the value of integrating eco-control systems to achieve both environmental and economic objectives. The study also highlights the importance of eco-control in aligning corporate sustainability initiatives with long-term profitability, particularly in sectors with high environmental impact. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed, including the need for broader studies across different industries and regions.

Environmental Awareness and Green Trust Mediating Green Marketing’s Impact on Coconut Coir Product Purchases Behavior

Recent years have seen a notable shift in consumer behavior towards sustainability, driven by heightened environmental awareness. This shift has significantly influenced purchasing decisions, particularly regarding green products like coconut coir-based items, valued for their eco-friendliness, biodegradability, and versatility. As consumers become more knowledgeable about environmental issues, they increasingly seek products that align with their values, leading to the rise of green marketing strategies. This research examines the role of environmental awareness and green trust in mediating the impact of green marketing on the purchasing behavior of coconut coir products. Utilizing both primary and secondary data, the study collected responses from 179 participants through a structured survey. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SMART PLS 3.0 software. The analysis included two measurement models: the outer model assessed the validity and reliability of latent variables, while the inner model evaluated the relationships between them. Findings reveal that green marketing significantly enhances green buying behavior, environmental awareness, and green trust. Specifically, green marketing positively impacts purchasing behavior through both environmental awareness and green trust. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that green marketing effectively influences consumer behavior towards sustainable products. By fostering environmental awareness and building consumer trust, green marketing not only encourages the purchase of eco-friendly products but also contributes to a larger cultural shift towards sustainability.

Assessing Cybersecurity Awareness Among Bank Employees: A Multi-Stage Analytical Approach Using PLS-SEM, ANN, and fsQCA in a Developing Country Context

The financial sector is a prime target for cybercriminals which increases the need for banks to enhance employee cybersecurity awareness. This study examines the critical factors that enhance cybersecurity awareness among bank employees in the context of developing countries, focusing on Bangladesh. By collecting 355 valid responses through purposive sampling from bank employees across major districts, the research employs a multi-stage analytical approach that integrates Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). Findings reveal a positive correlation between response cost, information security awareness, knowledge of cyber threats, and employees' perceived threat and vulnerability, indicating their significance in shaping cybersecurity awareness. The study's methodological novelty lies in its combined use of linear and non-linear analytical techniques which optimize prediction accuracy and contribute to the robustness of cybersecurity awareness research. Its implications are vital for developing nations where technological dependence for safeguarding IT resources is critical. The outcomes highlight the need for an informed approach to cyber threat management and the promotion of cybersecurity awareness among bank employees as a shield against social engineering and other cyberattacks.

Predictors of employee well-being: A global measurements using reflective-formative model

BackgroundEmployee well-being (EW) is an integral part of occupational safety & health. Therefore, measuring EW is very important for holistically evaluating well-being instruments and measurement models. This research aimed to identify and confirm dimensions that significantly contribute to EW and also to examine the reliability and validity of the formative model of EW. MethodsThe survey consisted of 89 items from a well-being questionnaire administered to 426 employees in the coal mining industry, covering five domains. Measurements were analyzed using partial least squares–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.1.1. The measurement and analysis were conducted in two stages, the first of which used a reflective model. Subsequently, the results of the first stage were used in the second stage as a formative model to measure EW globally. Result and conclusionHome, Community, and Society (HCS), Health Status (HS), Workplace Environment and Experience (WEE), Workplace Policies and Culture (WPC), as well as Workplace Environment and Safety Climate (WPE) domain significantly contributed to EW, as identified through first-order reflective and second-order formative models. ContributionThis research developed a measurement model for EW with two orders: first-order reflective and second-order formative. It also offered practical insights for organizations and companies to measure and understand EW, providing a basis for implementing effective interventions.

Entrepreneurial passion of business and technical students: The roles of subjective norms, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and risk propensity

Entrepreneurial passion plays a critical role in entrepreneurial intention and behavior, which in turn promote innovation, new jobs, and economic development. However, research on the antecedents of entrepreneurial passion remains scarce. This study aimed to investigate the effects of environmental factors, including subjective norms and entrepreneurial education, on entrepreneurial passion; the roles of risk propensity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) were examined as well. Data were gathered from 919 business and technical students in Vietnam. Analysis was performed using partial least-squares structural equation modeling. The results showed that subjective norms had positive effects on entrepreneurial passion, and subjective norms and ESE mediated the effect of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial passion. Moreover, risk propensity moderated the effect of ESE on entrepreneurial passion. This study is among the first studies to uncover the direct effect of subjective norms on entrepreneurial passion, as well as the moderating effects of risk propensity on the relationship between ESE and entrepreneurial passion. We also revealed the mediating roles of subjective norms and ESE in the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial passion.

Evidence of positive influence: soft skills competence and organizational culture on innovative work behavior

This study investigates the innovative work behavior (IWB) of marine lecturers, considering work motivation (WM), organizational culture (OC), and soft skill competence (SSC). Data from 145 respondents representing ten higher education polytechnics in Indonesia were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Respondents answered 54 Likert-scale questions, revealing that SSC significantly shapes IWB (estimated value: 0.504), primarily through problem-solving ability. However, WM showed no significant impact on IWB, possibly due to non-influential dimensions like science, technology, environment, and society. Incorporating technological developments as moderating variables could enhance this relationship. Notably, SSC and OC exhibit crucial relationships with IWB, highlighting their importance over WM. These findings shed light on the complex dynamics influencing IWB among marine lecturers, emphasizing the significance of SSC and OC in fostering innovation in the maritime education sector.

Building Sustainable Supply Chains: Role of Supply Chain Flexibility in Leveraging Information System Flexibility and Supply Chain Capabilities

In today's interconnected and intricate global environment, achieving sustainable supply chain performance is paramount for organizations. Within this context, the flexibility of information systems as dynamic capability, is a driving force behind effective supply chain management. In addition, there are a multitude of compliances that supply chains have to comply with in order to achieve sustainable outcomes. Against this background we examine how information systems flexibility, knowledge capabilities, supply chain capabilities and supply chain flexibility contributes towards sustainable performance of the supply chains. Using the lenses of Dynamic Capability View (DCV), this paper explores relationships among these constructs using Partial least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). 321 tire industry professionals participated in the survey and provided their feedback. The findings underscore the fact that information system flexibility significantly enhances knowledge and supply chain capabilities, which subsequently facilitate flexibility in supply chains. The results of this study also established the significant influence of supply chain flexibility on sustainable supply chain performance, emphasizes the need to have flexibility in supply chain to achieve sustainability goals. This research provides an important input into academic debates on sustainable supply chain management, as it sheds light on the role of information system to improve Supply chain flexibility and sustainability.

Disentangling the main factors influencing spring algal blooms in the Three Gorges Reservoir using partial least square structural equation modelling

Eutrophication and the associated algal blooms is a pervasive problem affecting global health, aquaculture, agriculture, water-related industries, and freshwater ecosystems. Spring algal blooms (SABs), which are less common than summer blooms, occur during a time that is thought to be less advantageous due to mild winds, little precipitation, and a relatively small amount of NPS pollutants being transported. Thus, It is pertinent to understand further the factors influencing SABs directly and/or indirectly for improved management. Consequently, Partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to measure the direct and indirect effects of nutrients, lake hydrodynamics (Lake HD), meteorological elements (ME), stratification, Lake Bio-Optics, and Bottom Sediment-Water interaction (BSWI) in Gaoyang Lake of the Three Gorges Reservoir which is characterized by SABs. Based on our findings, total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) together slightly outperformed TP alone in explaining variations in chlorophyll a (chl-a), but the difference was not statistically significant. Thus the parsimonous PLS-SEM model with TP was chosen, and it explained 66.8%, 54.0%, 21.4%, and 59.7% variation in stratification, Lake Bio-Optics, nutrients, and chl-a, respectively. Surprisingly, ME and Lake Bio-Optics had a negative total effect on chl-a during the study. The magnitude of factors influencing SAB occurrence was of the order Lake Hydrodynamics > nutrients > Bottom Sediments-Water Interphase > Lake Bio-Optics > Meteorological Elements > Stratification. This study successfully decoupled and quantified several latent variables’ complex simultaneous causal effects on chl-a.

Enhancing Workplace Well-being: Unveiling the Dynamics of Leader-Member Exchange and Worker Safety Behavior through Psychological Safety and Job Satisfaction

BackgroundIn healthcare, ensuring safety is crucial for quality care and patient outcomes. While research links leader-member exchange (LMX) quality to safety behavior, this remains understudied in healthcare. Our study explores LMX's long-term impact on safety behavior, proposing a model that includes the moderated mediating role of psychological safety and job satisfaction in the relationship between LMX and safety behaviors, regarding compliance (SCB) and participation (SPB). By identifying the mechanisms through which LMX influences safety behavior, this study can provide insights into the development of interventions that promote workplace safety and enhance the well-being of healthcare workers.. MethodsWe collected data from 325 Algerian healthcare workers across three public hospitals at three points. Through SmartPLS analysis, we used advanced features of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) alongside PROCESS analysis to evaluate the relationships within our proposed model. ResultsOur analysis found a significant association between higher LMX and increased job satisfaction that positively correlated with enhanced SCB adherence and mediated the LMX-SCB relationship. This relationship was strengthened with high psychological safety. ConclusionOur study emphasizes the crucial role of LMX quality in shaping safety behavior among Algerian healthcare workers, providing insights for cultivating a safety culture in healthcare settings, highlighting the significance of prioritizing LMX, JS, and PS to improve workplace safety and support healthcare worker well-being.

Resilience and Resistance of Vegetation in Response to Droughts in a Subtropical Humid Region Dominated by Karst

The resilience and resistance of vegetation are important indicators of the vegetation’s response to droughts. Owing to the uniqueness of the environment in humid karst areas, results from studies on other climatic zones may not necessarily present the status of vegetation resilience and resistance in humid karst areas. Herein, We calculated vegetation resilience and resistance by autoregressive modeling using Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Total Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA), temperature (TA), precipitation (PRE) data, An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then conducted to compare the differences in resilience and resistance of different vegetation types in the study area, as well as the differences in resilience and resistance of vegetation in different sub-geomorphic zones. Finally, natural factors affecting vegetation resilience and resistance were quantified using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results demonstrate the following points. First, vegetation resilience, total-water-storage anomaly resistance, and vegetation resistance against precipitation anomalies were lower in karst areas of the study area than in non-karst areas of the study area (except for vegetation resistance against temperature anomalies). Second, vegetation resilience was the lowest in some sub-geomorphic zones within karst areas, and it was still comparable to that in semiarid areas. Third, precipitation and temperature were important factors that affected the resilience and resistance of vegetation in karst areas, and the geochemical indicators (CaO, MgO, and SiO2) of soil parent material were major factors that affected the resistance and resilience of vegetation in non-karst areas. In summary, this study was undertaken to reveal the natural characteristics of vegetation resilience and resistance in humid karst regions. Our findings complement and expand the existing body of knowledge on vegetation resilience and resistance in other ecologically fragile zones limited by moisture.

Optimizing feedstock organic composition to regulate humification and heavy metal passivation during solid-state anaerobic digestion

This study uncovered the impacts of feedstock organic composition, comprising proteins, lignocellulose, and lipids, on humification and passivation of heavy metals (HMs) in solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD). Mantel tests and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results revealed that copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) passivation predominantly occurred through complexation with humic acid (HA). In contrast, lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) passivation were pH-dependent as influenced by substrate conditions in SSAD. Increasing protein content in the feedstock facilitated lignocellulose biodegradation to enhance HA formation, and thus augmenting Cu and Zn passivation. Furthermore, the improved biodegradation of organic components elevated the substrate pH, further enhancing Pb and Cr passivation. Such improvement was notable when the protein: lignocellulose: lipid ratio of feedstock was regulated to 4.1:3.7:2.2, which increased HA contents to 35.25% and pH to 9 to enhance the passivation of Cu, Pb, and Cr by 0.48%, 52.0%, and 17.9%, respectively.

Determination of Lombok Island Community Preferences to Become Islamic Bank Customers with Religiosity as a Moderating Variable

Islamic banking in Indonesia continues to experience developments marked by increasing assets and market share. However, Islamic banking is still lagging behind conventional banking, including in Lombok Island, where the majority of the Population is Muslim. This study aims to explore the factors that influence the preferences of the people of Lombok Island in choosing Islamic banks, with a focus on the influence of service quality, perception, financial literacy, product knowledge, Islamic branding, and the role of religiosity as a moderating variable in the relationship. This type of research is explanatory research (explanatory research) with a quantitative approach. The Population in this study was Islamic customer banks in Lombok Island, with a sample of 210 respondents determined using Nonprobability Sampling, and the data collection tool used was a questionnaire. Data analysis used Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The study results indicate that service quality, perception, financial literacy, product knowledge, and Islamic branding significantly influence the preferences of the Lombok Island community to become Islamic bank customers, as evidenced by the T-Statistic value &gt; 1.96 and P-Value &lt; 0.05. At the same time, religiosity cannot moderate the relationship between service quality, perception, financial literacy, product knowledge, and Islamic branding on the preferences of the Lombok Island community to become Islamic bank customers. Based on this, it is recommended that Islamic banks improve Islamic branding and service quality and hold financial education programs for the community.

Green Innovation for Enhanced Competitiveness and Financial Performance: A Study of Ultra-Micro and Micro Craft Businesses in Indonesia

This study investigates the relationship between green innovation, competitiveness, and financial performance in ultra-micro and micro craft businesses in West Java, Indonesia. Using a quantitative exploratory approach, data were collected via structured surveys from 403 craft business units, involving both business owners and managers. The survey employed a Likert scale to assess green innovation, competitiveness, and financial performance. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that business competitiveness mediates the impact of green innovation on financial performance. However, green innovation has no significant effect on financial performance. Additionally, business size significantly moderates the relationship between competitiveness and financial performance, with larger businesses better able to leverage competitive advantages for financial success. The study recommends that craft businesses invest in sustainable practices and scale up operations to enhance their competitiveness and achieve long-term financial growth. These insights are valuable for policymakers and business owners alike.

Measuring Customers Loyalty Through Satisfaction In E-Commerce: An Empirical Study On Tokopedia

This study aims to empirically examine the impact of e-service quality, e-commerce innovation, utilitarian value, and hedonic value on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable at Tokopedia. The research population consists of Tokopedia users in Jakarta. The sample for this study includes 252 participants selected through screening questions and collected online via Google Forms using judgmental sampling. The data is processed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate a positive and significant influence of e-service quality, e-commerce innovation, utilitarian value, and hedonic value on customer loyalty, both directly and indirectly, through the mediation of customer satisfaction.