Partial Replacement Of Natural Sand Research Articles

Effect of recycled brick sand on mechanical and transfer properties of roller compacted concrete “RCC” used for dams

ABSTRACT This study explores the impact of incorporating recycled brick sand as a partial replacement for natural sand on the mechanical and transport properties of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) for dam construction. RCC mixtures were prepared with varying brick sand replacement levels and two different water/cement (W/C) ratios with cement dosages. Workability was assessed using the Vebe apparatus, while compressive and tensile strengths were evaluated at different ages. Additionally, porosity, water permeability, capillary absorption, and thermal conductivity were measured over time. Microstructural was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicate that brick sand has minimal influence on the RCC Vebe time. Compressive strength improves with brick sand incorporation, particularly in the long term, with an optimal substitution level of 25%. However, porosity and sorptivity increase at higher replacement levels, negatively affecting durability. Water permeability and thermal conductivity decrease with greater brick sand content, enhancing RCC’s resistance to fluid penetration and thermal properties. Variations in cement dosage and W/C ratio had a limited impact on the brick sand RCC performance. These findings suggest that partial replacement of natural sand with brick sand can enhance RCC properties while promoting sustainable material reuse in dam construction.

Enhancing the Strength and the Environmental Performance of Concrete with Pre-Treated Crumb Rubber and Micro-Silica

Dumped non-biodegradable tires present a significant environmental threat, with overflowing landfills and associated health risks highlighting the urgency of tire waste disposal. Current disposal methods, such as stacking tires in open spaces, exacerbate the problem. The large-scale recycling of tire rubber waste offers environmental benefits. This study examines the effects of pre-treatment using NaOH and micro-silica as a mineral admixture on the mechanical strength of crumb rubber concrete (CRC) with partial replacement of natural sand. Samples of M20 and M30 grade were prepared with varying levels of crumb rubber (CR) replacement and evaluated at 28 days. CRC prepared with pre-treated NaOH solution and micro-silica showed improved workability and strength compared to conventional concrete and untreated CRC, with the highest strength observed for 5% CR replacement using micro-silica. Predictive models and micro-structural analysis validated these findings. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using OpenLCA v2.10 software and the ecoinvent database revealed that incorporating micro-silica into CRC did not significantly increase environmental impacts, compared to conventional concrete across different mixes.

Post-fire properties of lightweight 3D printed concrete containing expanded perlite

There has been an increase in construction with three-dimensional (3D) printing technology but 3D printed (3DP) structures also require weight reduction similar to conventional reinforced concrete structures. In addition, the behaviour of this type of structure against fire needs to be investigated. The number of printed layers and the time gap between layers for the 3DP specimens were among the variables examined. The test results demonstrate that as the replacement percentage of natural sand (NS) with expanded perlite (EP) increased, at 25% volume of replacement, the interlayer bond strength increased on average by 18.6%, while at the highest replacement level, of 75%, the strength decreased on average by 5.8%. Additionally, by incorporating EP, the compressive and flexural strengths of 3DP specimens declined on average from 9% to 29.7%, and from 39.3% to 49.3%, respectively. As the replacement level of NS increased, residual compressive and flexural strengths increased after exposure to 800°C. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that exposure to high temperature had the least effect on interlayer bond strength, whereas it significantly reduced the compressive and flexural strength. The results show that increasing the time gap between layers reduced interlayer bond strength and flexural strength while negligibly affecting compressive strength.

Stabilized municipal solid waste as an alternative to natural sand in paver block construction

Stabilized municipal solid waste as an alternative to natural sand in paver block construction

Pre- and post-heating mechanical properties of concrete containing recycled fine aggregate as partial replacement of natural sand and nano-silica as partial replacement of cement: experiments and predictions

Pre- and post-heating mechanical properties of concrete containing recycled fine aggregate as partial replacement of natural sand and nano-silica as partial replacement of cement: experiments and predictions

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF NATURAL SAND WITH MANUFACTURED SAND

Natural or River sand are weathered particles from rocks which are of various shapes and sizes depending upon the weathering action of rivers. In the present scenario, natural sand with required properties is not easily/locally available. In most situations, The natural sand is transported to the construction site from a distance. The cost of building will go up if river sand needs to be transported in this manner from a distance. These natural river sands are likewise becoming harder to find for a variety of reasons. Finding a different material that can partially or completely replace natural river sand is therefore crucial. Stone quarries can be found in great numbers and are widely dispersed throughout Tamil Nadu. They are a reliable supplier of both manufactured fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. The stockpiles of quarry fines produced by the crushers must be used. Consequently, in order to utilize this Manufactured sand in the building sector, It is necessary to conduct a thorough investigation on the use of Natural River sand in place of ordinary construction sand. This study presents experimental studies on the evaluation of the characteristics of M-sand acquired from various places (sources).by replacing natural sand from two sources. This study also includes experimental tests on the characteristics of freshly poured and cured concrete created with the developed mix proportions.

Heavy Mineral Sand as a Partial Replacement of Natural Sand in Ordinary and Standard Concretes

Heavy Mineral Sand as a Partial Replacement of Natural Sand in Ordinary and Standard Concretes

A Review of Evaluation of Cement Concrete by Partial Replacement of Natural Sand

Abstract: Although fly ash as a partial replacement for cement has been utilized for many years, it has been almost exclusively used in low-volume percentages, such as 10 or 20% cement replacement. In this study partial replacement of Natural sand with Crushed stone waste for M 15 grade of concrete. The compressive strength of concrete of OPC concrete and with natural sand and Crushed stone waste is compared and it has been found that the strength of concrete got increased. Work may be extended with use of stone waste from different crushing plant. Different zones of stone waste can be formed from the result which will give better understanding of type of stone waste that can be replaced for each zone. Thus it can be concluded that use of stone dust can be effectively done for partial replacement of natural sand and better concrete can be achieved for structural use. Optimum replacement value is about 30 to 40 percent. Thus its use will also ensure less cost and use of waste material causing less environmental pollution.

Multi-Objective Taguchi Optimization of Cement Concrete Incorporating Recycled Mixed Plastic Fine Aggregate Using Modified Fuller’s Equation

Motivated by the multiple benefits of recycling plastic ingredients in cementitious materials, the present study focuses on the design of sustainable cement concrete incorporating recycled mixed plastic fine aggregate (MPFA) as a partial replacement of natural sand (NS). The MPFA produced in this work is composed of a combination of polymer types with similar concoctions to those observed in the postconsumer waste streams. This study approach is vastly different from past reported studies on the use of sorted, highly purified single-type recycled plastic aggregate in cement concrete. A multi-criteria decision-making technique, Best-Worst Method (BWM), was integrated with the Taguchi method to maximize the quality of MPFA concrete based on the Fuller–Thompson theory. More specifically, an L9 (34) Taguchi orthogonal array with four three-level design factors was adopted to optimize the fresh, durability, and mechanical properties of MPFA concrete. The results showed that MPFA concrete produced with 400 kg/m3 cement content, 0.43 water/cement ratio, 0.43 fine aggregate/total aggregate ratio, and 10 vol% MPFA content exhibited the highest quality. Findings from the present work also revealed that MPFA concrete produced with tailored particle size distribution of MPFA NS fine aggregate system achieved superior, if not comparable, qualities to those of conventional concrete.

Feasibility Analysis of Marble and Granite Waste as Partial Replacement of Natural Sand in Mortar Mix

Feasibility Analysis of Marble and Granite Waste as Partial Replacement of Natural Sand in Mortar Mix

Influence of Internal Curing with Lightweight Pumice Fine Aggregate on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars

The cement mortar in the building encounters a problem of curing due to covering mortar under finishing materials such as tiles, stones, and marble. Internal curing is one of the methods for solving this problem. This investigation highlights the impact of internal curing with lightweight pumice fine aggregate on cement mortar's mechanical properties, such as compressive and tensile strengths, and performance, such as density. Thus, the internal cured water-to-cement ratio was studied, which varied from 0 to 21.5%, and the partial replacement of natural sand with lightweight pumice fine aggregate varied from 0% to 16.63%. The results showed the mechanical properties improved with the increased internal water-to-cement ratio. Increasing the internal cured water-to-cement ratio up to 21.52% improves the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of cement mortar up to 77.3%, 56.42%, and 28.71%, respectively. In addition, the partial replacement of natural sand with lightweight pumice aggregate up to 10.9% enhances the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of cement mortar up to 24.2%, 6.1%, and 28.7%, respectively, due to a reduction in drying and autogenous shrinkage.

DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY MORTAR UTILIZING INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Introducing alternatives material on cement-based material manufacturing is the need for environmental sustainability due to the excessive mining of sand from quarry and river bed. At the same time, industrialization headed to an uncontrollable growth of waste. This fact encourages the researcher to enhance the utilization of recycled waste in construction practice. On one side, it affords a solution for waste management, and on the other hand, it contributes to an eco-friendly construction material that minimizes the environmental impact. This paper aims to investigate the usability of the iron waste obtained from the wrought iron industry, as natural fine aggregates replacement. In particular, it focused on studying the physical characteristic of waste aggregates and the effect of partial replacement of natural sand on mortar strength. Mortar cube specimen made with various levels of replacement (0%, 10%, 20% and 30 %) and also various cement-aggregates volumetric proportion, which are 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7. All of the measurement parameters are taken consecutively based on ASTM norms. The current work remarks that both waste aggregates and natural aggregates reveal complete fulfillment in the aggregate requirement of ASTM standard. Furthermore, the mortar cube test confirmed that the mortar passes the strength grade for N class and O class, which suitable for the above-grade and non-load bearing application.

Investigation of mechanical and durability properties of concrete made with a mixture of waste foundry sand and domestic treated wastewater

ABSTRACT Two crucial and challenging issues that threaten the environment are the significant amount of drinking water for concrete production and the vast quantity of waste foundry sand (WFS) generated each year. Using WFS and treated wastewater (TW) in concrete instead of sand and drinking water is a new method for solid waste recycling and water reuse. In this research study, two types of concrete mixtures were made by partial replacement of natural sand with WFS, and simultaneously using both the WFS and the TW as a part of sand and drinking water. Then, the mechanical properties and durability of mixtures were determined. The results indicated that increasing WFS and TW ratios decreased the workability of concrete. The sample contained 20% WFS plus 50% TW (W20-TW50) showed the best results, which increased compressive strength by 33.9, 19.2, and 6.2% at the age of 7, 28, and 90 days respectively, and decreased 30- minute and 24- hour water adsorption by 10.6 and 14.3% compared to the control samples. Furthermore, using WFS and TW simultaneously in concrete did not significantly impact on ultrasonic pulse velocity and rapid chloride migration. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the W20-TW50 sample had the best structural density and lowest pores.

Development of an environmental-friendly durable self-compacting concrete.

In this experimental study on self-compacting concrete (SCC), the Manufactured sand (M-sand) and Fly ash (FA) were utilised for partial replacement of Natural sand (N-sand) and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), respectively. N-sand was partially replaced by M-sand at various percentage levels, after the dose of FA in the mix was optimised. In terms of compressive strength, the optimum replacement level of OPC by FA was 20%, whilst for replacement of N-sand by M-sand it was 50%. Two types of mixes were prepared to compare the macro and micro level properties of SCC, i.e., SCC-I (100%OPC + 100%N-sand) and SCC-II (80%OPC + 20%FA + 50%N-sand + 50%M-sand). The characteristics of fresh concrete mixes were determined using Slump flow, T50 time, V-funnel, L-box, U-box, and J-ring tests. After 28days of curing in tap water, both types of specimens were exposed to a solution of ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] containing sulphate salt concentration of 2.0g/l for 360days to test their durability. Loss in compressive strength, weight change, sorptivity, and micro-structural changes (XRD, SEM, and EDS) all were evaluated for up to 360days. It was found that the use of FA and M-sand in concrete makes it more environmental-friendly and durable, as well as have better performance in a sulphate environment.

A Review on Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Waste Cathode Ray Tube Glass as Aggregates

The issue of the cathode ray tube (CRT) technology facing its end-of-time and increasing quantities across the globe has acquired the responsiveness of many researchers. The use of waste CRT glass as a construction material has fascinated them due to its significant advantage in recycling the hazardous and non-biodegradable waste CRT glass. However, lack of knowledge about the effects and features of CRT glass as a construction material could be a hindrance to the excessive utilization of waste CRT glass. Therefore, in order to establish the idea of using CRT waste glass as a more common construction material, this paper reviews several recycling techniques of CRT glass and further detail on the workability, density, and compressive strength properties of concrete and mortar using CRT glass (treated or untreated) as fine aggregates. The review showed that, generally, the use of CRT glass as a complete or partial replacement of natural sand shows a slight increase in density, workability, and concrete strength compared to conventional concrete. However, there are no clear trends that can be concluded as this review also showed that various factors influenced its performance, such as percentage replacement, particle size, lead (Pb) content, and types of admixtures.

Use of Wood Waste as Aggregate in Mortars: An Experimental Study

The construction sector is one of the largest and most active in the world economy, being responsible for consumption of huge amounts of natural resources. Natural sand and gravel are the most important resources in construction, they are mainly used as aggregates, and its extraction often causes environmental damages. Bearing these considerations in mind, the wood waste has been used as partial replacement of natural sand in concrete and mortars to reduce the environmental burden of natural sand extraction. The aim of this paper is to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of natural hydraulic lime-based mortars proportioned with different percentages of wood wastes (0% to 30%) as replacement of natural sand. Thus, several specimens of mortar proportioned with wood wastes have been subjected to different experimental procedures, such as: workability, mechanical strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Results obtained showed that the incorporation of wood waste causes a reduction of mechanical resistance mostly due to the increase in open porosity, but on the other hand the thermal conductivity presents an improvement up to 83%. The results obtained are quite acceptable and encouraging for the follow-up studies using wood wastes as fine aggregate in mortars and, simultaneously, to improve the energy efficiency of buildings since this waste material contributes to obtain mortars with improved thermal performance.

Behavior of geopolymer concrete deep beams containing waste aggregate of glass and limestone as a partial replacement of natural sand

Behavior of geopolymer concrete deep beams containing waste aggregate of glass and limestone as a partial replacement of natural sand

Effect of Pre-Wetting Recycled Mortar Aggregate on the Mechanical Properties of Masonry Mortar.

In this research we evaluated the use of recycled fine mortar aggregate (RFMA) as a fine aggregate for new masonry mortar creation. The pre-wetting effect on the aggregate before creating the mixture was analyzed as a method to reduce its absorption potential. A control mixture of conventional mortar and two groups of recycled mortars were designed with a partial replacement of natural sand by RFMA (pre-wetted and not pre-wetted) performed in different proportions. The results established that the pre-wetting process allows a reduction in the amount of water required during the creation of new mixtures, regulating the water/cement (W/C) ratio and improving the properties of recycled mortars such as air content, fresh and hardened densities, and compressive and adhesive strength for all substitution levels. Mortar made with a 20% substitution and pre-wetted until it was at 67% of its absorption capacity displayed adhesive values higher than the ones shown by the reference mortar. The pre-wetting process proves to be an easy performance technique; it is inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and the most valuable fact is that specialized equipment is not necessarily needed. This process is the most profitable option for improving RFMA exploitation and reuse.

Fresh and hardened properties of high-strength concrete incorporating byproduct fine crushed aggregate as partial replacement of natural sand

This paper presents the fresh and hardened properties of high-strength concrete comprising byproduct fine crushed aggregates (FCAs) sourced from the crushing of three different types of rocks, namely granophyre, basalt, and granite. The lowest void contents of the combined fine aggregates were observed when 40% to 60% of natural sand is replaced by the FCAs. By the replacement of 40% FCAs, the slump and bleeding of concrete with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.45 decreased by approximately 15% and 50%, respectively, owing to the relatively high fines content of the FCAs. The 28 d compressive strength of concrete was 50 MPa when 40% FCAs were used. The slight decrease in tensile strength from the FCAs is attributed to the flakiness of the particles. The correlations between the splitting tensile and compressive strengths of normal concrete provided in the AS 3600 and ACI 318 design standards are applicable for concrete using the FCAs as partial replacement of sand. The maximum 56 d drying shrinkage is 520 microstrains, which is significantly less than the recommended limit of 1000 microstrains by AS 3600 for concrete. Therefore, the use of these byproduct FCAs can be considered as a sustainable alternative option for the production of high-strength green concrete.

Study on Effect of Partial Replacement of Natural Sand by Copper Slag and Foundry Sand in Concrete

Study on Effect of Partial Replacement of Natural Sand by Copper Slag and Foundry Sand in Concrete