Partial Molar Excess Enthalpies Research Articles

Thermodynamics and selectivity of separation based on activity coefficients at infinite dilution of various solutes in ionic liquid [DMIM][Tf2N

The activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γi∞) is an important thermodynamic parameter for ionic liquids. By analyzing and calculating them, the possibility of ionic liquids as extractants can be estimated. The infinite dilution activity coefficients of 32 kinds of organic solutes (eg. alkyl benzenes, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, n-alkanes, ethyl acetate, etc.) in ionic liquid 1-decyl-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [DMIM][Tf2N] were measured by gas chromatography (GLC) at six temperatures: 313.15 K, 323.15 K, 333.15 K, 343.15 K, 353.15 K, 363.15 K. Calculated some basic thermodynamic parameters such as the partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution (H-iE,∞) , Gibbs free energies (G-iE,∞) and entropies (TrefS-iE,∞) were calculated at a reference temperature Tref = 298.15 K. At 323.15 K, the selectivity (Sij∞) of n-hexane (i)/benzene (j), cyclohexane/benzene, and capacity factor (kj∞) at infinite dilution of benzene have been determined. The results were analyzed in comparison to literature data for alkylimidazolium ionic liquids with [Tf2N]−.

The influence of the ionic liquids functionalization on interaction in binary systems with organic solutes and water – Thermodynamic data of activity coefficients at infinite dilution

In this work, the effect of IL’s functionalization of the interaction of IL with organic solutes and water at infinite dilution has been investigated. Based on the experimental activity coefficients at infinite dilution, (γ13∞) the possibility of using ionic liquids (ILs) in different separation processes, such as aliphatic from aromatic hydrocarbon (heptane/benzene, or cyclohexane/benzene), desulfurization and denitrification of model fuel (heptane/thiophene and heptane/pyridine) were investigated based on the experimental study of the activity coefficients at infinite dilution. The (γ13∞) values were determined for more than fifty different solutes including alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, ketones, thiophene, acetonitrile, pyridine, 1-nitropropane and water in two ionic liquids: 4-(3-cyanopropyl)-4-methylmorpholinium tricyanomethanide, [Mo1,3CN][TCM] and 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-methylmorpholinium tricyanomethanide, [Mo1,3OH][TCM]. The experiment was performed using inverse gas–liquid chromatography at a wide temperature range from T = (308.15 to 358.15) K. From the experimental data, the partial molar excess Gibbs energy (ΔG1E,∞), enthalpy (ΔH1E,∞) and entropy (Tref ΔS1E,∞) at infinite dilution were determined. The gas–liquid partition coefficients of the solutes, KL were also calculated. Finally, two the values of two factors important from separation point of view: selectivity (S12∞) and capacity (k2) at infinite dilution for few separation problems as hexane/benzene, cyclohexane/benzene, heptane/thiophene, and heptane/pyridine were calculated from γ13∞ and compared to literature values for other ionic liquids taken from available literature. Moreover, physicochemical properties of pure IL including liquid density and dynamic viscosity data, important from the technological point of view was determined at a wide temperature range.

Thermodynamics of N-Isopropylacrylamide in Water: Insight from Experiments, Simulations, and Kirkwood–Buff Analysis Teamwork

The behavior of thermoresponsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM), an essential building block in the design of smart soft materials, in aqueous solutions has attracted much interest, which contrasts with our knowledge of N-isopropylacrylamide (NiPAM) monomer. Strikingly, the physicochemical properties of aqueous NiPAM are similarly rich, and their understanding is far from being complete. This stems from the lack of accurate thermodynamic data and quantitative model for atomistic simulations. In this joint study, we have probed the thermodynamic behavior of aqueous NiPAM by experimental methods, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and Kirkwood-Buff (KB) analysis at ambient conditions. From the partial molar volumes and simultaneously correlated osmotic coefficients, with excess partial molar enthalpies of NiPAM in water, the concentration and temperature dependence of KB integrals was determined. For the purpose of this work, we have developed and employed a novel NiPAM force field, which not only reproduces KB integrals (Gij) and adequately captures macroscopic thermodynamic quantities but also provides more accurate structural insight than the original force fields. We revealed in the vicinity of NiPAM the competing effect of amide hydration with interaction between nonpolar regions. This microscopic picture is reflected in the experimentally observed NiPAM-NiPAM association, which is present from highly dilute conditions up to the solubility limit and is evidenced by G22. From intermediate concentrations, it is accompanied by the existence of apparent dense-water regions, as indicated by positive G11 values. The here-employed KB-based framework provided a mutually consistent thermodynamic and microscopic insight into the NiPAM solution and may be further extended for ion-specific effects. Moreover, our findings contribute to the understanding of thermodynamic grounds behind PNiPAM collapse transition.

Comments on “Solubility measurement and correlation of 2-phenyl-1H-indole in fourteen mono organic solvents from 289.05 K to 338.55 K”

Abstract A polemic is given regarding the thermodynamic properties reported in the published paper. The authors' calculated infinite dilution activity coefficients and infinite dilution partial molar excess enthalpies of 2-phenyl-1H-indole are found to be inconsistent with the Wilson model curve-fit parameters reported in the paper.

Characterization of the solubilizing ability of short-chained glycol-grafted ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids

Abstract Infinite dilution activity coefficients and gas-to-liquid partition coefficients are reported for >40 organic solvents dissolved in (2-methoxyethyl) triethylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, (2-methoxyethyl)tributylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and (2-methoxyethyl)triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide in the temperature range from 323.15 K to 373.15 K. Experimental values were determined using the method of inverse gas chromatography. Measured infinite dilution activity coefficients are used to calculate the partial molar excess Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy associated with dissolution of the organic solutes into the three ionic liquid solvents. Abraham model correlations for solute transfer into each ionic liquid solvent have also been determined from the measured infinite dilution activity coefficient data.

Measurements of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution for Organic Solutes in the Ionic Liquids N-Ethyl- and N-Octyl-N-methylmorpholinium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. A Useful Tool for Solvent Selection.

In recent years, many papers describing ionic liquids (IL) as promising solvents in separation techniques have been published. The conscious choice of appropriate ionic liquid as absorption media in effective extraction of selected types of analytes requires deeper understanding of the analyte−IL interactions. Therefore, intensive research is conducted to determine the values of activity coefficient at infinite dilution, which allows us to characterize the nature of these interactions. Based on the inverse gas chromatography retention data, activity coefficients at infinite dilution of 48 different organic compounds in the ionic liquids N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C2C1Mor][TFSI] and N-octyl-N-methylmorpholinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C8C1Mor][TFSI] were determined. The measurements covered a broad range of volatile organic compounds, including n-alkanes, n-alkenes, n-alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds and common polar solvents, representing different types of interactions. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution were measured in the temperature range from 313.15 to 363.15 K. The excess partial molar enthalpies and entropies at infinite dilution were determined. Selectivity at infinite dilution was also calculated for exemplary separation processes in the hexane/benzene system. The obtained results were analyzed and compared with literature data for ionic liquids containing the same anion [TFSI]¯ and different cations. The study results indicate that some potential applications of the investigated ionic liquids in separation problems exist.

DCA]-based ionic liquids for the extraction of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from fuels: Activity coefficients at infinite dilution

Some petroleum processes need the removal of low level aromatic-sulfur and nitrogen compounds for many products, which are extremely important according to the new strict environmental regulations to reduce sulfur and nitrogen content compounds in liquid fuels. Thus the new, alternative solvents such as ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed. ILs reveal a high selectivity and capacity of extraction of sulfur- and nitrogen-compounds from alkanes with little solvent loss during the process. The measurements of activity coefficients γ13∞ at infinite dilution of different solutes in the IL shows the effect of interactions between organic solutes, or water on the interfacial and bulk properties of the IL. The new (3-cyanopropyl)pyridinium dicyanamide, [N–C3CNPy][DCA] and (3-cyanopropyl)methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide, [N–C3CNMPyr][DCA] were investigated in this work. The data were obtained using the gas-liquid chromatography technique. Measurements were undertaken at six temperatures, in 10 K intervals, in the range of (318.15–368.15) K. The solutes studied included both non-polar and polar compounds, as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, as well as aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, water, ethers, ketones, and esters. The most important solutes used were thiophene, pyridine, and 1-nitropropane. Densities, ρ, measurements for a range of temperatures, T (298.15–368.15) K for the chosen ILs were undertaken at pressure, p = 101 kPa. The gas-liquid partition coefficients, KL at infinite dilution were calculated. The fundamental thermodynamic functions such as partial molar excess Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy at infinite dilution were calculated from the experimental data measurements to discuss the interaction between solutes and the ILs. The values of selectivity and capacity for three separation cases, viz. heptane/thiophene, heptane/pyridine, and heptane/1-nitropropane were calculated from γ13∞ values and compared to literature data for dicyanamide-based ILs. The Abraham solvation parameter model was presented for all solutes. The obtained results indicated that [N–C3CNPy][DCA] has large selectivity and capacity values for all three of the separation cases studied.

Thermodynamic study of mixtures containing dibromomethane. II: volumes and enthalpies at 298.15 K

Excess molar volumes, VE, of binary mixtures of dibromomethane (DBM) with n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, cyclohexane, tetrachloromethane, dipropyl and dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 3-pentanone are determined at 298.15 K in the whole composition range by means of a vibrating tube densimeter. For the same DBM mixtures plus with n-pentane and except with dipropyl ether and 3-pentanone, partial molar enthalpies, Hi, and excess molar enthalpies, HE, are obtained through a heat flow calorimeter and a titration method purposely devised. Both excess properties are positive for cyclohexane, tetrachloromethane, and n-alkanes, the latter exhibiting an increase with increasing number of carbon atoms. Dipropyl and dibutyl ether mixtures exhibit negative VE values, while n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran, and 3-pentanone mixtures show an S-shaped VE curve. Negative HEs are observed only for tetrahydrofuran, whereas dibutyl ether exhibits an S-shaped HE curve. HE results are compared with the predictions of the DISQUAC model. The partial molar volumes at infinite dilution, V°, as well as the enthalpies of solvation, ΔsolvH°, of the examined substances in DBM are evaluated and discussed also considering data on other compounds found in the literature. For V° and ΔsolvH°, a group additivity scheme is proposed to enable the estimation of these properties for other molecules and how much structural peculiarities such as chain length, polarity of groups, and cyclic structures influence their values.

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of organic solutes, using novel N-(2′, 3′-epoxypropyl)-N-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidinium chloride ionic liquid by GLC

The activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γ13∞) for 31 solutes, from the following classes of compounds: alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, acetonitrile, thiophene and water were determined using an ionic liquid (IL) modified column utilizing gas liquid chromatography. In this work, N-(2′, 3′-epoxypropyl)-N-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidinium chloride IL was used to determine the activity coefficients of organic solutes in the range of temperatures from T = 323.15 K–343.15 K, using 10 K intervals, under atmospheric pressure. From these experimental γ13∞ data, the following thermodynamic properties at infinite dilution, including partial molar excess Gibbs free energies (ΔGiE,∞), enthalpies ΔHiE,∞and entropy TrefΔSiE,∞ were computed. Furthermore, selectivity (Sij∞) and capacity (Kj∞) were also calculated from experimental value of γ13∞ for separation of mixtures such as (heptane/benzene, heptane/thiophene, hexane/benzene, water/butanol and hexane/ethanol) at T = 323.15 K–343.15 K. Generally, the results of this work indicate that the investigated IL has good potential for separating aliphatic solutes from aromatic ones. Specifically, the chosen IL reduces the retention time of most of the solutes used, compared to other reported ILs. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that this IL [N(2′,3′-epoxypropyl)-N-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidinium chloride] may be useful for future applications such as separation and purification in petrochemical industries.

Experimental solubility of clotrimazole and some thermodynamic aspects of dissolution in different solvents

Equilibrium solubility of clotrimazole, an important antimycotic drug, was measured between (293.15–313.15) K in four pharmaceutically relevant solvents including buffer pH 2.0, buffer pH 7.4, hexane and 1-octanol. The experimental solubility results were correlated by modified Apelblat and van’t Hoff equations. The compound melting temperature and enthalpy were determined. The activity coefficients at infinite dilution of clotrimazole in each solvent were calculated from experimental data on solubility and thermophysical properties. Substitution aqueous solvents for organic ones leads to lower activity coefficients and higher solubility of the drug. The limiting partial molar excess enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs energies of clotrimazole were evaluated.

Measurement and correlation of the solubility of tin compounds and β-diketimine in selected solvents

The solubility of organotin compounds under inert atmosphere plays a significant role in homogeneous catalysis process; however, no such study has been reported. The solubilities of dimethyltin dichloride (1), stannous chloride (2), β-diketiminato ligand LH (3) (L = HC(CMeNAr)2, Ar = 2,6-Et2C6H3), and tin (II) compound [LSnCl] (4) in six organic solvents were measured using a static analytic method from 268.15 K to 313.15 K under a purified nitrogen atmosphere to select the optimum solvent for a homogeneous reaction and recrystallization. The difference in solubility can be attributed to molecular structure, coordination bonding, and molecular polarity. Six commonly used thermodynamic models were used to correlate the experimental solubility data. Some models show a great correlation with a low value of average absolute deviation (AAD). In addition, the solubility parameter of solute, partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution, and thermodynamic properties were calculated to study the dissolution behavior in more depth.

Experimental and theoretical study on infinite dilution activity coefficients of various solutes in ionic liquid 1-propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

The infinite dilution activity coefficients (γi∞) and gas–liquid partition coefficients (KL) of solutes in the ionic liquids (ILs) are important parameters of thermodynamic properties. They can evaluate the separation selectivity (Sij∞) of ILs and screen out suitable extractants for difficult separation systems. The retention times of solutes in IL 1-propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [PMMIM][NTf2] were measured by gas chromatography (GC) to calculate the γi∞ and the ΚL values of organic solutes (eg. n-alkanes, alkyl benzenes, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, etc.) in [PMMIM][NTf2] at 303.15 K-353.15 K. The density of [PMMIM][NTf2], as a function of temperature, was measured at p = 101.3 kPa. The values of the partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution (H-iE,∞) were derived from the T dependence of the lnγi∞. The entropies (TrefS-iE,∞) and Gibbs free energies (G-iE,∞) of organic solutes in [PMMIM][NTf2] at a reference temperature Τref = 298.15 K can be calculated from the γi∞ values. The Hildebrand’s solubility parameters of the IL [PMMIM][NTf2] were obtained from the regular solution theory (RST) combined with Flory “combinatorial” equation. At 323.15 K, the selectivity (Sij∞) of n-hexane (i)/benzene (j) and cyclohexane (i)/benzene (j) and the capacity (kj∞) at infinite dilution of benzene have been determined. The results were analyzed by comparing with literature data for alkylimidazolium-based ILs with [NTf2]−.

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution for various organic solutes in the ionic liquid 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γi∞) for a variety of polar and non-polar organic solutes (alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkyl benzenes, alcohols, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform and dichloromethane) in the ionic liquid (IL) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C2OHmim][PF6]) have been determined by gas-liquid chromatography using the IL as the stationary phase. The measurements were conducted over the temperature range of 303–353 K. The partial molar excess Gibbs energies (ΔGiE,∞), enthalpies (ΔHiE,∞) and entropies (ΔSiE,∞) at infinite dilution of the 29 solutes in the IL have been calculated from the experimental γi∞ values obtained over the temperature range. The selectivity sij∞ and capacity kj∞ at T = 323.15 K for aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic/alcohol separation problems were calculated from the γi∞ and compared to the reported literature data for other [C2OHmim] based ILs.

Measuring Activity Coefficient at Infinite Dilution of Hydrocarbons in Ionic Liquids and Evaluation of Other Thermodynamic Properties using Gas Chromatography

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γi∞) offer a valuable tool for solvent selection in extraction processes. In this study, the γi∞ values for solutes like alkanes, aromatics, and naphthenes in solvents, i.e., ionic liquids N-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate [BMPy][BF4], 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [BMPyr][NTf2], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4], were estimated using gas–liquid chromatography at temperatures 313.1, 333.1, and 353.1 K. Partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution (ΔH1E,∞) were evaluated from the γi∞ values. The selectivity for the toluene/n-heptane system was also calculated from the experimentally observed γi∞ and compared to the literature values for well-established industrial solvents sulfolane and N-methyl pyrrolidone.

Separation of (water/butan-1-ol) binary systems based on activity coefficients at infinite dilution with phosphonium ionic liquid

Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) was used to examine the types of interactions among the volatile organic solvents (VOS) and (trihexyltetradecylphosphonium-bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphinate, [P14, 6, 6, 6] [(C8H17)2 PO2)], a phosphonium based ionic liquid. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γ13∞) was determined for 26 solutes, including alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, ketones, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, thiophene and water at different temperatures i.e. 313.15, 323.15, 333.15 and 343.15 K. The γ13∞ data was obtained with the use of packed column with a mass fraction loading of the ionic liquid from 0.28 to 0.35 in the stationary phase. The temperature dependent data of γ13∞ was used to compute the partial molar excess enthalpies ΔH1E,∞, entropies ΔS1E,∞ and Gibbs energies ΔG1E,∞ at infinite dilution for the solutes. The capacities kj∞and selectivities (Sij∞), at infinite dilution for the selected extraction problems were also computed from γ13∞ and compared with values from literature. Examination of activity coefficients at infinite dilution gives a better understanding regarding the interactions among the ionic liquid and investigated compounds.

Application of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide ionic liquid for various types of separations problems: Activity coefficients at infinite dilution measurements utilizing GLC method

In this work, the ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide [P 6 6 6 14] [DCA] was evaluated as a potential extraction solvent for organic compounds. The assessment was done based on the solute retention data obtained by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) for 33 solutes: (alkanes, alkenes, ketones, alcohols, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran, thiophene, acetonitrile and water). The experiment was conducted at a series of four temperatures (313.15–343.15) K at 10 K intervals. Experimental activity coefficients at infinite dilution data acquired over the investigated temperature range was then utilized to compute the thermodynamic functions at infinite dilution including partial molar excess enthalpy, ΔH1E,∞, Gibbs free energy, ΔG1E,∞ and entropy term, TrefΔS1E,∞. The selectivity and capacity values for some of the separation challenges (heptane/thiophene, water/butanol and heptane/benzene) were computed from the γ13∞ data and in contrast to the other phosphonium based ionic liquids in the literature. The selectivity and capacity data shows that the investigated ionic liquid can be utilized in the separation of heptane/thiophene or water/butan-1-ol mixtures.

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of various organic solutes in the deep eutectic solvent (tetramethylammonium chloride + 1,6 hexanediol in the 1:1 molar ratio)

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as potential green and low-cost substitutes to ionic liquids in various chemical processes. In this study, experimental activity coefficients at infinite dilution for 22 organic solutes were measured in the DES consisting of tetramethylammonium chloride and 1,6 hexanediol (1:1 molar ratio) by gas-liquid chromatography at four temperatures within the range of (313.15–343.15) K at 101.3 kPa. The effect of the molecular structure of the solute on limiting activity coefficient was also examined. From infinite dilution activity coefficients, limiting partial molar excess enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs free energies were calculated to gain insight into solute-DES interactions. It emerged that the strongest soulte-DES interactions were associated with pyridine, thiophene and methyl acetate. Subsequently, limiting selectivities and capacities were calculated for various separation problems to evaluate the potential use of the DES as a separation agent. The best separation performance of the investigated DES was obtained for mixtures consisting of n-alkanes and thiophene or pyridine. For this reason, it was concluded that the DES (tetramethylammonium chloride + 1,6 hexanediol in the 1:1 molar ratio) is a credible candidate to be considered for the denitrogenation as well as the desulphurisation of transportation fuels.

Determination of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Solutes in N,N′-Di(2-ethylhexyl)isobutyramide Using Inverse Gas–Liquid Chromatography

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution for 30 solutes (alkanes, alkenes, alkyl benzenes, ketones, chloromethanes, aromatic compounds, acetonitrile, formaldehyde, and ethyl acetate) in N,N′-di(2-ethylhexyl)isobutyramide have been determined at temperatures T = (323.15 to 373.15) K by inverse gas chromatographic technique. Net retention volumes of solutes have been measured as a function of temperature. From the temperature dependence of the activity coefficients at infinite dilution, partial molar excess enthalpies and activity coefficients at infinite dilution at 298.15 K of solutes in N,N′-di(2-ethylhexyl)isobutyramide have been derived. Selectivity values at infinite dilution have been computed from the activity coefficients at infinite dilution values.

Measurements of activity coefficients at infinite dilution for organic solutes in two quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids [DDA][ClO4] and [DDA][BF4

The paper presents new data on the activity coefficient at infinite dilution (γ13∞) for 29 various organic solutes: alkanes, alkenes, al-kynes, cycloalkanes, alcohols, ethers, ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons in two quaternary-ammonium based ionic liquids (quat-based ILs): didecyldimethylammonium perchlorate [DDA][ClO4] and didecyldimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate [DDA][BF4]. The activity coefficient at infinite dilution and physicochemical properties of two mentioned ionic liquids, were determined by inverse gas chromatography at four different temperatures: 308K, 323K, 338K and 353K. Additionally, on the basis of the specific retention volume (Vg0) the Flory – Huggins interaction parameters (χ∞) were determined. In order to identify the fundamental interaction between solute and solvent inside the column, the partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution (ΔH1E,∞) were calculated on the basis of experimental γ13∞ values. The selectivity (Sij∞) and capacity (kj∞) at infinite dilution for a few different separation problems: hexane/benzene, cyclohexane/benzene and hexane/tetrahydrofuran were calculated from the experimental γ13∞ values to evaluate the possible use of the ionic liquids studied as a new class of solvents in liquid-liquid extraction and in other extraction or microextraction methods. The values of the above-mentioned parameters were compared and discussed taking into regard the chemical structures of both quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids, including the same cation and their interactions with the organic solute.

Reply to “Comment on ‘Solubility determination and correlation of cyromazine in sixteen pure solvents and mixing properties of solutions’”

The Comment on “Solubility determination and correlation of cyromazine in sixteen pure solvents and mixing properties of solutions” is valuable and helpful for us to improve the quality of the work we published recently. According to the comments, we checked the corresponding section carefully. The main reason for this discrepancy is the Eqn. 30 in our original work was incorrect. The errors should be corrected and in this reply the values of the H1E,∞ are recalculated. The results show that the values of activity coefficient at infinite dilution (γ1∞) and partial molar excess enthalpy at infinite dilution (H1E,∞) are thermodynamically consistent and all the solubility data we published are reliable.