Partial Least Research Articles

Pengaruh Produktivitas Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Pengembangan Karir Karyawan PT Kalbe Farma Cabang Cikarang

This study aims to analyze the effect of work productivity and work environment on employees' career development at PT Kalbe Farma Cikarang Branch. High work productivity and conducive work environment are important factors in increasing the career development opportunities of employees in an organization. This study used a quantitative method with Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) technique to analyze the relationship between variables. The sample in this study was 100 employees from the logistics department of PT Kalbe Farma, selected using saturated sampling technique. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires and analyzed using SmartPLS 4 software. The results showed that work productivity has a positive and significant effect on employees' career development. In addition, the work environment also contributes significantly to increasing career development opportunities. Further analysis revealed that work environment is a mediating variable between work productivity and career development. These findings confirm that organizations need to pay attention to employee productivity and create a supportive work environment to increase career development opportunities. The implications of this research provide recommendations for the management of PT Kalbe Farma in formulating more effective human resource management strategies to improve employee well-being and motivation.

Determinants of inter-organizational cooperation in SMEs innovation

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the beneficial relationship between inter-organizational cooperation (IOC) and innovation by highlighting the firms inter-organizational cooperation variables. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in emerging nations were investigated to develop the research question and hypotheses. On a sample of 346 from SMEs, We employed Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the empirical data. The result shows the positive influence of IOC variables (trust, absorption capacity, communication between organizations, and knowledge sharing) on innovation. This research could help SMEs organizations to improve their creativity by formulating IOC within their firms. Also, this study is beneficial for enriching the theoretical knowledge of the significance of IOC in SME innovation. While this study focuses on SMEs in emerging nations, the findings suggest that the positive relationship between IOC and innovation observed in this research may have broader implications for SMEs in other regions, including developed economies.

Adoption of tele health technology in mental and psychiatric services in Lebanon: a quantitative study

BackgroundThe rapid adoption of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic showcased its capacity to revolutionize healthcare by augmenting accessibility, decreasing expenses, and improving patient outcomes. This study evaluated Lebanon's preparedness for the implementation of tele-mental health, concentrating on identifying critical factors affecting its adoption by mental health experts.MethodsA self-administered questionnaire was created and disseminated through email to mental health practitioners in Lebanon. The study employed the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2) and utilized the Partial Least Squares- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to provide a quantitative analysis of the determinants influencing the adoption of tele-mental health in psychiatric services.ResultsAmong the 138 respondents including psychiatrists, psychologists, and mental health nurses, 20% indicated they had never utilized telehealth for mental health services, whereas 54% had employed telehealth prior to the COVID-19 shutdown and expressed a desire to persist with its use. Furthermore, 19% utilized telehealth throughout the lockdown and continued its application, while 8% ceased its usage after the lockdown. The research revealed five primary factors affecting tele-mental health adoption: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, subjective norms, and job relevance.ConclusionThis study highlights the significance of perceived usefulness, ease of use, perceived risk, subjective norm, and job relevance as essential factors influencing the uptake of tele-mental health services. Policymakers, healthcare administrators, and technology developers must concentrate on these criteria to optimize the introduction and sustainability of tele-mental health services in clinical practice, thereby ensuring enhanced mental health care delivery in Lebanon.

Exploring sustainable crop residue management practices: farmers’ perceptions in north India

ABSTRACT Purpose This research examined farmers’ adoption of Sustainable Crop Residue Management (SCRM) practices by validating the Protection Motivation theory (PMT) and Ecological Modernisation Theory (EMT) as theoretical underpinnings. This research validated the impact of factors like Coping appraisal, Social cognitive attributes, Habit, Risk perception, Supply chain practices and Health consciousness on actual adoption. The study further empirically analysed the impact of actual adoption on perceived sustainable performance. Design/Methodology/Approach A data set of 239 farmers from North Indian states was analysed to understand the perceptions of farmers. Only those farmers who were engaged in paddy and wheat cultivation were considered in this research. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to access and validate the hypothesized relationships. Findings Coping appraisal and supply chain practices emerged insignificant. Actual adoption had a significant and strong impact on perceived sustainable performance. Practical implication Based on the fact that farmers still need to adopt SCRM practices, the study provides significant pointers to the government, policymakers, and agricultural departments of North Indian states. Based on this study government needs to implement some focused policies had to be developed to boost farmers’ adoption. For example, targeted subsidies for machinery should be given to encourage farmers to adopt such practices. Theoretical Implications First, this research validates both PMT and EMT together in the context of SCRM practices. In addition, this research-validated a few other variables like Governments’ facilitative interventions, supply chain practices and perceived sustainable performance that previous studies failed to analyse, leading to a comprehensive model. Secondly, it creates a theoretical association among risk perception, social cognitive attributes, habit, government facilitative interventions, and supply chain practices. Originality/Value Due to the multitude of factors associated with paddy stubble burning, this research is an earnest effort to empirically analyse the variables influencing farmers’ decisions concerning the actual adoption of SCRM practices. This research is indeed a very initial attempt to comprehend the view-points of farmers to understand the reasons which make them go to crop residue burning despite awareness of the harmful effects of burning on human health and the environment.

Governance and Institutional Frameworks in Ethiopian Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks: Enhancing Innovation Ecosystems and Multi Stakeholder Coordination for Global Market Competitiveness

This study investigates the interrelationships between institutional frameworks, innovation ecosystems, and stakeholder coordination in enhancing the global competitiveness of Ethiopia’s Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks (IAIPs) in Yirgalem and Bulbula. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative thematic analysis, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), and SWOT analysis was employed to evaluate the influence of governance structures on innovation and competitiveness. Findings suggest that while strong institutional frameworks and effective stakeholder coordination foster innovation, a misalignment between the innovation ecosystem and global market demands limits competitiveness. Rigid institutional structures hinder IAIPs’ adaptability to market fluctuations. Future research should explore the role of digital transformation, such as digital agriculture tools and traceability systems, in enhancing competitiveness. Additionally, examining the influence of public–private partnerships and conducting longitudinal studies on adaptive governance’s effect on IAIP resilience could provide valuable insights for the development of Ethiopia’s agro-industrial sector. The study underscores the need for flexible, market-responsive frameworks and enhanced stakeholder engagement.

Employee Job Satisfaction in Aviation Industry: An Exploratory Study on Workplace Dynamics.

This exploratory research investigated the determinants of job satisfaction within the aviation industry, a sector characterized by a high-pressure environment and critical employee roles. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review and primary data collected from 350 aviation employees across various roles, the research identified key constructs influencing job satisfaction: employee engagement, work environment, compensation and benefits, and stress management. The study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the interrelationships among these constructs. Employee engagement emerged as the most significant driver of job satisfaction, promoting higher levels of motivation and organizational commitment. A supportive work environment was found to mitigate challenges like irregular schedules, while effective stress management programs enhanced employee resilience. Compensation and benefits, though vital, need to be paired with non-monetary incentives for holistic job satisfaction. These findings provide actionable recommendations for airline management, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions such as career development programs, stress reduction initiatives, and enhanced employee recognition systems to boost satisfaction and reduce turnover rates. Future researchers should consider longitudinal studies to track job satisfaction trends over time and expand the scope to include diverse roles, such as ground staff and maintenance crews. Comparative studies across different countries and cultural contexts could further refine strategies for improving employee well-being globally.

Influence of Attitude, Future Time Orientation on Financial Planning for Retirement – A PLS SEM Approach

Retirement is a transition phase in the working life of an individual. It is vital to plan for financial security during retirement at an early age to accumulate sufficient corpus for retired life. Psychological factors like Attitude towards retirement planning and Future Time Orientation of a person greatly impacts his/her Retirement Financial Behaviour. The present research is carried out with an aim to explore the influence of these psychological factors on Financial Planning for Retirement. Data was collected from Teachers working in higher educational institutions in Mumbai city. Partial Least Square based Structural Equation Modeling is used to understand the role of Attitude and Future Time Orientation in Financial Planning for Retirement. The research findings revealed that attitude of a person towards retirement planning and his thinking about future have significant influence on Financial Planning for Retirement. The study has social significance as findings would help the future retirees, financial advisors, financial institutions as well as regulatory authorities like PFRDA, RBI and SEBI.

Improving the Opportunities to Implement Industry 4.0 Through Absorptive Capacity: A Multi Mediator Model Evaluation in the Manufacturing Industry of Mexico

Knowledge absorptive capacity (ACAP) has been recognized as a driving force for ICT-driven digital transformation; however, questions remain about how to maximize opportunities for implementing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) while considering the role of ACAP. Our primary objectives are to analyze how ACAP influences I4.0 opportunities (strategic, operational, and environmental/social) and to examine the mediating role of these opportunities in the connection between ACAP and I4.0 implementation. This empirical study, employing a predictive type, analyzed data from 200 manufacturing SMEs in Guanajuato, Mexico, using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS4, with a hierarchical component model Type I. The findings underscore that ACAP significantly enhances the potential for successful I4.0 implementation. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical importance of a strategic approach to leveraging I4.0 opportunities. Interestingly, the environmental and social opportunities showed limited influence on I4.0 adoption, with no evidence of their mediating role. This research contributes to illuminating the complex interplay between ACAP, I4.0 opportunities, and their collective contribution to the successful implementation of Industry 4.0 in Mexican SMEs. Finally, the study offers actionable insights for industrial practitioners and contributes to methodological advancements in PLS-SEM analysis.

Community-Level Urban Vitality Intensity and Diversity Analysis Supported by Multisource Remote Sensing Data

Urban vitality serves as a crucial metric for evaluating sustainable urban development and the well-being of residents. Existing studies have predominantly focused on analyzing the direct effects of urban vitality intensity (VI) and its influencing factors, while paying less attention to the urban vitality diversity (VD) and its indirect impact mechanisms. Supported by multisource remote sensing data, this study establishes a five-dimensional urban vitality evaluation system and employs the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) to quantify direct and indirect interrelationships between these multidimensional factors and VI/VD. The findings are as follows: (1) Spatial divergence between VI and VD: VI exhibited stronger clustering (I = 1.12), predominantly aggregating in central urban areas, whereas VD demonstrated moderate autocorrelation (I = 0.45) concentrated in mixed-use central or suburban zones. (2) Drivers of vitality intensity: VI are strongly associated with commercial density (β = 0.344) and transportation accessibility (β = 0.253), but negatively correlated with natural environment quality (r = −0.166). (3) Mechanisms of vitality diversity: VD is closely linked to public service (β = 0.228). This research provides valuable insights for city development and decision-making, particularly in strengthening urban vitality and optimizing urban functional layouts.

Key Drivers of User Engagement in Game-Based Metaverses: Enjoyment, Escapism, Reward, and Spontaneity

Abstract This study delves into the burgeoning field of game-based metaverses, aiming to unravel the factors that influence user satisfaction and engagement in these digital environments. Grounded in Uses and Gratifications Theory and Flow Theory, this study explains how user motivations—perceived enjoyment, escapism, reward, and spontaneity—contribute to immersive experiences, ultimately influencing satisfaction and continuance. sustained interaction. Employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), this research analyzes responses from 160 users of various game-based metaverses. Findings reveal that perceived enjoyment significantly enhances the flow experience, a key contributor to user satisfaction and the intention to continue using the platform. Contrary to common belief, rewards showed a minimal impact on the flow experience. Additionally, spontaneity emerged as an important factor in facilitating flow. These results underscore the importance of focusing on intrinsic factors like enjoyment and spontaneity over extrinsic rewards to foster user engagement. The study suggests user-centric design principles that prioritize immersive experiences.

Assessing the Impacts of New Quality Productivity on Sustainable Agriculture: Structural Mechanisms and Optimization Strategies—Empirical Evidence from China

New quality productivity (N) in China is examined as a key driver for enhancing innovation and promoting sustainable development, with a focus on its structural framework in agriculture across three primary dimensions: New Quality Agricultural Laborers (NQL), New Quality Agricultural Labor Inputs (NQLI), and New Quality Agricultural Production Inputs (NQPI). This study aims to explore the relationship between new quality productivity and sustainable agriculture in China, analyzing its impact mechanisms and optimization strategies using data from 30 provincial-level regions between 2012 and 2021. Initially, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is employed to identify the specific structural relationships influencing NQP. The Outer Loadings TOPSIS (OL-TOPSIS) method quantifies the contributions of each construct in NQP research across China’s agricultural functional zones. The combined IPMA (cIPMA) model is developed to analyze the necessary conditions, thereby formulating specific optimization strategies. The results indicate that, within the structural framework, the overall NQP construct indicators have a significant impact on promoting sustainable agricultural development. Furthermore, locational analysis reveals that each region exhibits a trend of stability and continuous optimization. In the necessity analysis, both NQL (0.378) and NQLI (0.329) meet the required conditions, and NQPI (0.143) does not satisfy the necessity conditions, necessitating prioritized actions.

Religious Leadership and Personal Branding of 'Kyai' in Islamic Education Management: Pathways to Promoting Moderation and Preventing Radicalism

Religious leaders play a crucial role in fostering moderate attitudes and behaviours, particularly among Pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) students. However, empirical studies examining the relationship between Kyai leadership and efforts to counter radicalism still need to be explored. This study investigates the impact of religious leadership and personal branding of the Kyai on religious moderation and the prevention of radicalism in Pesantren. A quantitative approach with a correlational survey design was employed, involving 340 respondents, including administrators, students, and alumni from Pesantren. Data were collected via a five-point Likert scale questionnaire administered online and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that religious leadership and personal branding of the Kyai positively influence religious moderation, which plays a vital role in countering radicalism. Additionally, religious moderation was found to mediate the relationship between Kyai leadership and personal branding with radicalism prevention. The restricted sample coverage due to the online survey format is a limitation of the study. The findings suggest that enhancing Kyai’s religious leadership and personal branding can be a valuable strategy for combating Pesantren's radicalism.

The impact of the Zakkat Capital Assistance Program on the entrepreneurship development intention: the case of Malaysia

ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between Zakat Capital Assistance Program and Entrepreneurship Development Intention within the Theory of Reasoned Action framework. Data was collected from 292 recipients of Zakat Capital Assistance. The data from 160 final useable sample were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The findings reveal a significant positive association between capital assistance provided and the intention to start a business among entrepreneurs. The results also show that attitude is an important element in influencing the intention, while social elements were found to be insignificant. However, while receiving assistance helps entrepreneurs operate their businesses, pairing it with a positive attitude is crucial for business stability. The findings align with the UN’s efforts under SDG 1, which aims to eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere by 2030. By improving the implementation of Zakkat Capital Assistance, efforts to produce more entrepreneurs can be achieved.

The mechanism of foreign direct investment on China's sulfur dioxide emissions: Evidence from partial least squares structural equation modeling.

The mechanism of foreign direct investment on China's sulfur dioxide emissions: Evidence from partial least squares structural equation modeling.

THE INFLUENCE OF DELEGATIVE LEADERSHIP AND TEACHER PERFORMANCE ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH THE MERDEKA BELAJAR POLICY IN JEMBER ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

This study investigates the influence of delegative leadership and teacher performance on student achievement in the context of Jember Regency's elementary schools, with the Merdeka Belajar (Freedom to Learn) policy as a mediating variable. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 289 schools using questionnaires and analyzed through Partial Least Squares (PLS) with WarpPLS software. The findings reveal significant direct effects of delegative leadership and teacher performance on both the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar policy and student achievement. Furthermore, the Merdeka Belajar policy mediates the relationships between delegative leadership, teacher performance, and student achievement. This research integrates the Expectancy-Value Theory and Multi-Level Perspective framework, providing a novel understanding of the dynamics between leadership, teacher performance, policy implementation, and educational outcomes. The results emphasize the critical role of leadership empowerment, teacher development, and effective policy implementation in improving educational quality and student outcomes. These insights offer valuable implications for future educational strategies and policy development in Indonesia.

ONLINE PURCHASE DECISIONS AND BRAND IMAGE BASED ON SHOPEE AD EFFECTIVENESS WITH EPIC MODEL

This study investigates the impact of advertising effectiveness on online purchase decisions on e-commerce platforms, focusing on Shopee, using the EPIC Model (Empathy, Persuasion, Impact, and Communication). It also examines the moderating role of brand image in this relationship. Employing a quantitative approach with descriptive and causal methods, data were collected through questionnaires distributed to active Shopee users. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) model to assess the relationships between advertising effectiveness, brand image, and purchase decisions. The findings indicate that advertising effectiveness significantly and positively influences online purchase decisions. Furthermore, brand image plays a crucial role in strengthening the relationship between advertising effectiveness and purchase decisions, highlighting its importance in enhancing the impact of advertisements on consumer behavior. This study emphasizes the need for e-commerce platforms to implement effective advertising strategies and cultivate a strong brand image to foster consumer loyalty and drive purchasing decisions. These insights offer valuable guidance for marketers to optimize advertising outcomes in competitive e-commerce environments.

Determinants of customer’s intention to use ride-hailing services in Kathmandu Valley

This study identifies the key factors influencing the adoption of ride-hailing services in Kathmandu Valley, guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The research examines how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control affect the intention to use ride-hailing services, and how these intentions translate into actual usage behavior. A quantitative method was adopted, with 389 respondents from Kathmandu Valley, using a structured questionnaire designed to capture TPB constructs. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate the questionnaires and assess the hypothesized relationships. The findings indicate that both attitude and perceived behavioral control significantly impact the intention to use ride-hailing services. Furthermore, intention was found to be a strong predictor of actual usage behavior. However, subjective norms did not exhibit a significant effect on the intention to use ride-hailing services in this context. This study provides insights into the behavioral drivers of ride-hailing service adoption, offering valuable information for ride-sharing and hailing mobility services to boost their business and for government institutions to regulate accordingly. As ride-hailing is growing in Nepal, future investors and enterprises would benefit from adopting various strategies to attract customers, focusing on the key factors that influence service adoption. For future research, expanding the sample size and incorporating additional contextual factors would enhance the understanding of ride-hailing adoption across different regions.

How Autonomous Vehicles Shape Urban Traffic Sustainability: An Empirical Study Based on Structural Equation Modeling

Currently, urban traffic flow is an increasing problem, and achieving sustainability in urban mobility is essential for enhancing both mobility and the quality of life. This study investigates the factors influencing urban traffic sustainability from two critical perspectives: autonomous vehicle policy governance and citizen perception. By utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), this study analyzes data from 502 valid responses gathered through online surveys. The findings reveal that, from the citizen perception perspective, both accessibility and safety play a significant role in advancing urban traffic sustainability, while smart mobility modes were found to have no substantial impact. From a policy governance standpoint, land transportation planning did not significantly influence citizens’ perceptions of accessibility, safety, or smart mobility. In contrast, vehicle management measures were positively correlated with these dimensions. Furthermore, the scope of service point support was found to enhance accessibility and smart mobility but did not have a noteworthy effect on safety. Vehicle deployment allocation, however, was positively associated with improvements in accessibility, safety, and smart mobility. This study offers valuable insights for urban traffic policy formulation, emphasizing the pivotal role of regulatory frameworks, vehicle management strategies, and urban infrastructure in fostering sustainable urban mobility.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technology in Crisis Management, Startup Growth, and Sustainable Future

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology on crisis management, startup growth, and sustainability in the Indian business landscape. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional research design, data was collected from 123 research and development (R&D) employees across various enterprises. The study employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze relationships between key constructs. The results indicate that AI plays a crucial role in enhancing crisis management and business resilience (β = 0.553, p = 0.000), while effective crisis management positively influences long-term sustainability (β = 0.272, p = 0.000). Additionally, blockchain technology is a key driver of startup growth (β = 0.684, p = 0.000), and growing startups significantly contribute to a sustainable future (β = 0.689, p = 0.000). The findings highlight the transformative potential of AI and blockchain in navigating business uncertainties, fostering innovation, and driving sustainable development. The study offers practical implications for business leaders, policymakers, and entrepreneurs in leveraging emerging technologies for long-term resilience and success.

The Influence of Learning Organizational Culture, Employee Engagement, Digital Transformation, and Esg On Sustainable Competitive Advantage: the Role of Transformational Leadership at Abc University, Indonesia

This study investigates the impact of Learning Organizational Culture, Employee Engagement, Digital Transformation, and Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) on Sustainable Competitive Advantage, with a focus on the moderating role of Transformational Leadership at ABC University in Indonesia. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, primary data was collected through online questionnaires targeting managers across various leadership levels within the university. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to ensure proportional representation based on hospital levels and managerial positions. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), facilitating the examination of causal relationships among the variables. The findings reveal a positive indirect influence of Strategic Thinking on Competitive Advantage through Transformational Leadership, with a coefficient of 0.022 and a significance level of P-value = 0.073, supporting the hypothesis at a 90% confidence level. Additionally, the study identifies a significant positive indirect influence of Dynamic Capability on Competitive Advantage through Transformational Leadership, with a coefficient of 0.156 and a P-value of 0.001, supporting the hypothesis at a 95% confidence level. However, the results also indicate a negative influence of Dynamic Capability on Competitive Advantage, suggesting that enhancing competitiveness in the health sector necessitates the mediation of Transformational Leadership. This highlights the importance of leadership in guiding and supervising dynamic capabilities, which include internal collaboration, product updates, market synchronization, and fostering an open mindset. The study underscores the critical role of employee engagement and a learning organizational culture in driving innovation and sustaining competitive advantage in the evolving landscape of health services.