Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Research Articles

Determinants of competitive advantage through achieving pharmaceutical supply chain management capabilities in the Ethiopian healthcare sector.

These days, supply chain management (SCM) is essential to maintaining the long-term sustainability of the whole manufacturing ecosystem. This research examines the effects of competitive priorities (cost, quality, flexibility and delivery) on achieving success for the three key participants in SCM: suppliers, distributors and customers. Survey data from 258 workers in pharmaceutical businesses was utilized in an empirical study partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to examine whether supply chain capabilities (SCC) were influenced by competitive advantage (cost, quality, flexibility and delivery). The results of the investigation show a favorable correlation between competitive advantage in the Ethiopian pharmaceutical and medical supplier industry and SCC. This study demonstrates the positive impacts of cost, quality, flexibility and delivery on suppliers, distributors and customers. Our findings suggest that pharmaceutical and medical suppliers prioritize achieving high-quality service before focusing on cost reduction.

Influence of justice culture on learning from incidents in construction project-based organizations: a chain mediating model

By considering the interaction mechanism of psychological safety and voice behavior in a justice culture context, this study aims to reveal the black box of how construction project-based organizations (CPOs) realize the behavior of learning from incidents (LFI) by improving psychological perception and encouraging speech. An empirical study was conducted based on partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methods with a sample of 273 CPOs in China. The findings showed that justice culture has a positive correlation to LFI. Both psychological safety and voice behavior have intermediate effects on the relationship between justice culture and LFI. Moreover, this study developed and examined a chain-mediating model that incorporated psychological safety and voice behavior into the relationship between justice culture and LFI. This study provides a theoretical foundation and viable management practices for CPOs in China to promote the LFI behavior from the resilience culture perspective.

National pride, trust in government and tax compliance: evidence from an environment of severe political instability

PurposeThis study examines whether national pride and trust in government can influence tax non-compliance among the Libyan self-employed taxpayers, drawing on insights from social identity and slippery slope theories.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilised a quantitative research methodology by surveying 312 self-employed taxpayers in Libya. The collected data was then analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThis study provides evidence that national pride and trust in government are positively and significantly linked to tax non-compliance behaviours among Libyan self-employed taxpayers. This finding is consistent with the expectations of social identity and slippery slope theories, indicating that lower levels of national pride and trust in government among Libyan self-employed taxpayers may contribute to their engagement in tax non-compliance behaviours.Research limitations/implicationsThis study uses data relating to Libyan self-employed taxpayer living in Tripoli, and hence the results of this study may not be generalisable to other regions of Libya.Practical implicationsThe results of this study have important implications to governments, policymakers, tax authorities and researchers. For example, our findings highlight possible opportunities for the Libyan government and tax authorities to increase tax compliance among self-employed taxpayers, where the findings may motivate these bodies to implement strategies that can enhance individuals’ sense of national pride and trust in government, and hence influence their tax compliance behaviours.Originality/valueThis study contributes and extends existing literatures by offering timely evidence on the extent to which national pride and trust in government can influence self-employed taxpayers’ tax compliance behaviours in an environment of severe political instability, where legal system is dysfunctional.

Determinants of inter-organizational cooperation in SMEs innovation

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the beneficial relationship between inter-organizational cooperation (IOC) and innovation by highlighting the firms inter-organizational cooperation variables. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in emerging nations were investigated to develop the research question and hypotheses. On a sample of 346 from SMEs, We employed Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the empirical data. The result shows the positive influence of IOC variables (trust, absorption capacity, communication between organizations, and knowledge sharing) on innovation. This research could help SMEs organizations to improve their creativity by formulating IOC within their firms. Also, this study is beneficial for enriching the theoretical knowledge of the significance of IOC in SME innovation. While this study focuses on SMEs in emerging nations, the findings suggest that the positive relationship between IOC and innovation observed in this research may have broader implications for SMEs in other regions, including developed economies.

Adoption of tele health technology in mental and psychiatric services in Lebanon: a quantitative study

BackgroundThe rapid adoption of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic showcased its capacity to revolutionize healthcare by augmenting accessibility, decreasing expenses, and improving patient outcomes. This study evaluated Lebanon's preparedness for the implementation of tele-mental health, concentrating on identifying critical factors affecting its adoption by mental health experts.MethodsA self-administered questionnaire was created and disseminated through email to mental health practitioners in Lebanon. The study employed the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2) and utilized the Partial Least Squares- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to provide a quantitative analysis of the determinants influencing the adoption of tele-mental health in psychiatric services.ResultsAmong the 138 respondents including psychiatrists, psychologists, and mental health nurses, 20% indicated they had never utilized telehealth for mental health services, whereas 54% had employed telehealth prior to the COVID-19 shutdown and expressed a desire to persist with its use. Furthermore, 19% utilized telehealth throughout the lockdown and continued its application, while 8% ceased its usage after the lockdown. The research revealed five primary factors affecting tele-mental health adoption: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, subjective norms, and job relevance.ConclusionThis study highlights the significance of perceived usefulness, ease of use, perceived risk, subjective norm, and job relevance as essential factors influencing the uptake of tele-mental health services. Policymakers, healthcare administrators, and technology developers must concentrate on these criteria to optimize the introduction and sustainability of tele-mental health services in clinical practice, thereby ensuring enhanced mental health care delivery in Lebanon.

Pengaruh Produktivitas Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Pengembangan Karir Karyawan PT Kalbe Farma Cabang Cikarang

This study aims to analyze the effect of work productivity and work environment on employees' career development at PT Kalbe Farma Cikarang Branch. High work productivity and conducive work environment are important factors in increasing the career development opportunities of employees in an organization. This study used a quantitative method with Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) technique to analyze the relationship between variables. The sample in this study was 100 employees from the logistics department of PT Kalbe Farma, selected using saturated sampling technique. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires and analyzed using SmartPLS 4 software. The results showed that work productivity has a positive and significant effect on employees' career development. In addition, the work environment also contributes significantly to increasing career development opportunities. Further analysis revealed that work environment is a mediating variable between work productivity and career development. These findings confirm that organizations need to pay attention to employee productivity and create a supportive work environment to increase career development opportunities. The implications of this research provide recommendations for the management of PT Kalbe Farma in formulating more effective human resource management strategies to improve employee well-being and motivation.

Entrepreneurial intention among youths: The role of entrepreneurial education and passion

Background: Entrepreneurship contributes significantly to the enhancement and maintenance of a society’s economy by creating employment opportunities in both public and private sectors. South Africa faces significant economic challenges, with high youth unemployment rates necessitating innovative solutions to drive economic growth and job creation. Entrepreneurship, particularly supported through targeted education, offers a strategic pathway to address these issues.Aim: Drawing from the entrepreneurial potential model, this article assessed the impact of entrepreneurial education (ED) and entrepreneurial passion on the entrepreneurial intentions of youths.Setting: The study was conducted in King Cetshwayo District Municipality, located in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.Methods: Data were gathered from 400 respondents from the study area using a structured questionnaire and a simple random sampling strategy. The research used partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine the relationship between study constructs.Results: The findings indicate a substantial positive association between ED, entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial intention, from which an empirical model was built.Conclusion: The results show the significance of ED and entrepreneurial passion in supporting the entrepreneurial mindset among youths before their engagement in entrepreneurial activities. Thus, highlighting the importance of implementing entrepreneurship-focussed initiatives to encourage job creation and economic resilience among South African youth.Contribution: The results provide valuable insights for policymakers in South Africa and decision-makers in higher education institutions, stressing the necessity for targeted programmes (such as business incubators, practical workshops and seminars) to enrich youth entrepreneurship. This will stimulate enhanced economic development.

Modelling the effect of transaction cost determinants and governance on Australian offsite construction supply chain resilience

PurposeThe lack of a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between transaction cost determinants (TCDs) and supply chain resilience (SCR) has concerned the effective and efficient management of supply chain uncertainties in the offsite construction industry. Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of TCDs, namely asset specificity, transaction frequency, transaction uncertainty, bounded rationality and opportunism, on SCR, grounded in transaction cost theory (TCT). Furthermore, it investigates the mediating role of governance in the relationship between TCDs and SCR.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 97 Australian offsite construction supply chain partners via a questionnaire survey through a purposive sampling process. Data analysis was conducted quantitatively using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results revealed that asset specificity, transaction frequency and transaction uncertainty were significantly associated with SCR constructs. Governance confirmed a significant mediating effect on these relationships. Interestingly, opportunism did not have a significant negative relationship with the SCR constructs, suggesting the need to explore its behaviour in enhancing SCR. Bounded rationality demonstrated a significant direct association with SCR constructs regardless of the mediating effect of governance.Originality/valueThis study provides novel insights by empirically testing the mediating effect of governance on the relationship between TCDs and SCR. It highlights the importance of promoting SCR with a minimum impact on the cost-effectiveness of offsite construction projects.

Exploring sustainable crop residue management practices: farmers’ perceptions in north India

ABSTRACT Purpose This research examined farmers’ adoption of Sustainable Crop Residue Management (SCRM) practices by validating the Protection Motivation theory (PMT) and Ecological Modernisation Theory (EMT) as theoretical underpinnings. This research validated the impact of factors like Coping appraisal, Social cognitive attributes, Habit, Risk perception, Supply chain practices and Health consciousness on actual adoption. The study further empirically analysed the impact of actual adoption on perceived sustainable performance. Design/Methodology/Approach A data set of 239 farmers from North Indian states was analysed to understand the perceptions of farmers. Only those farmers who were engaged in paddy and wheat cultivation were considered in this research. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to access and validate the hypothesized relationships. Findings Coping appraisal and supply chain practices emerged insignificant. Actual adoption had a significant and strong impact on perceived sustainable performance. Practical implication Based on the fact that farmers still need to adopt SCRM practices, the study provides significant pointers to the government, policymakers, and agricultural departments of North Indian states. Based on this study government needs to implement some focused policies had to be developed to boost farmers’ adoption. For example, targeted subsidies for machinery should be given to encourage farmers to adopt such practices. Theoretical Implications First, this research validates both PMT and EMT together in the context of SCRM practices. In addition, this research-validated a few other variables like Governments’ facilitative interventions, supply chain practices and perceived sustainable performance that previous studies failed to analyse, leading to a comprehensive model. Secondly, it creates a theoretical association among risk perception, social cognitive attributes, habit, government facilitative interventions, and supply chain practices. Originality/Value Due to the multitude of factors associated with paddy stubble burning, this research is an earnest effort to empirically analyse the variables influencing farmers’ decisions concerning the actual adoption of SCRM practices. This research is indeed a very initial attempt to comprehend the view-points of farmers to understand the reasons which make them go to crop residue burning despite awareness of the harmful effects of burning on human health and the environment.

Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2

The rise in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is transforming education, with tools like ChatGPT enhancing learning, content creation, and academic support. This study analyzes ChatGPT’s acceptance among Costa Rican university students using the UTAUT2 model and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The research examines key predictors of AI adoption, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, behavioral intention, and actual usage. The findings from 194 students indicate that performance expectancy (β = 0.596, p < 0.001) is the strongest predictor of behavioral intention, followed by effort expectancy (β = 0.241, p = 0.005), while social influence (β = 0.381, p < 0.001) and facilitating conditions (β = 0.217, p = 0.008) play a smaller role. Behavioral intention significantly influences actual usage (β = 0.643, p < 0.001). Gender and age differences emerge, with male students and those aged 21–30 years showing higher acceptance levels. Despite positive attitudes toward ChatGPT, the students report insufficient training for effective use, underscoring the need for AI literacy programs and structured pedagogical strategies. This study calls for further research on AI training programs and their long-term impact on academic performance to foster responsible GenAI adoption in higher education.

Generational differences towards phygital services: insight from the retail banking industry

PurposePhygital is a promising phenomenon that employs cutting-edge technology to connect digital and physical spaces, providing users with interactive experiences. This research empirically examines the factors influencing customer loyalty between the two generational cohorts (Gen X and Gen Y) towards phygital services in the retail banking industry.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers conducted a quantitative study through self-administered questionnaires, which included 493 respondents from Generation (Gen) X and 509 from Gen Y. The “partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM)” was used for testing.FindingsThe standardised path coefficients show that in Gen X and Gen Y, customer trust and system quality significantly influence customer engagement and customer satisfaction; however, security and privacy risk have an insignificant influence on customer engagement and customer satisfaction. Surprisingly, perceived value significantly influences customer engagement and insignificantly influences customer satisfaction in Gen X. Further, perceived value substantially affects customer engagement and satisfaction in Gen Y. Moreover, there is a significant association between customer engagement, satisfaction and loyalty in both generations.Practical implicationsThe present research is unique and offers insightful implications for several stakeholders, including customers, bank managers and practitioners, to understand the potential of phygital settings in transforming the landscape of banking transactions.Originality/valueThis study is a preliminary investigation concentrating on customer behaviour towards phygital services in the retail banking industry. Furthermore, this study provides valuable contributions to banking literature through a comparative assessment of Gen X and Gen Y by shedding light on the unexplored realm of phygital services from the perspective of a developing nation, i.e. India.

The mediating role of organisational stress in the relationship between gender diversity and employee performance in Ghanaian public hospitals

The presence of organisational stress in public hospitals in Ghana significantly affects both the standard of patient care and the overall efficiency of the healthcare delivery system. This level of stress results in burnout, diminished job satisfaction, and more errors. The study leverages social categorisation and identification theory to investigate the mediation role of organisational stress in the relationship between gender diversity and employee performance. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size, arriving at a sample size of 384. The Multistage sampling technique used Inclusion and exclusion criteria to collect data from 384 health professionals working in 40 public hospitals in southern Ghana. The collected data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), emphasising path analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and bootstrapping methods. The study discovered that gender diversity had a positive and significant impact on employee performance and organisational stress. The findings revealed that organisational stress had a positive and significant influence on employee performance. The results of the bootstrapping analysis revealed that organisational stress partially mediates the relationship between gender diversity and employee performance. Impaired employee performance might result from organisational stress in the context of gender diversity. To tackle this issue, managers should encourage a work atmosphere that promotes, supports, recognises and reduces sources of stress and implements specific measures that optimise the advantages of diversity while minimising the risks linked to stress.

Harnessing information processing theory: key organizational initiatives for digital transformation projects success

PurposeDigital transformation (DT) is connected to how information technologies (IT) can be harnessed to address organizational needs and leverage business opportunities. DT projects are complex endeavors, and IT is just one aspect to manage. Other crucial elements include people, information, business processes, organizational capability and organizational culture. Embedding IT into an organization over poorly established processes or without the correct organizational initiatives can be the first step toward failure in DT projects. Based on the information processing theory, this research focuses on maximizing the success of DT projects by identifying key initiatives to prepare organizations for these endeavors.Design/methodology/approachTo better understand the relationship between organizational initiatives and the DT project’s success, we surveyed 205 practitioners. The results were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsFindings show the relationship between the organizational initiatives proposed by the information processing theory (namely, reducing the need for information processing and improving information capacity), strategic alignment of digital technologies and business, management of the digital technology infrastructure and DT project success. This work built a comprehensive and scalable model that offers a consistent characterization of the organizational initiatives dimension that researchers can use in the future.Originality/valueThe organizational initiatives identified by Galbraith’s information processing theory and Li’s work have not been used together to explain the success of DT projects. We contribute to the theory and DT projects’ success by validating the impact of these initiatives.

Governance and Institutional Frameworks in Ethiopian Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks: Enhancing Innovation Ecosystems and Multi Stakeholder Coordination for Global Market Competitiveness

This study investigates the interrelationships between institutional frameworks, innovation ecosystems, and stakeholder coordination in enhancing the global competitiveness of Ethiopia’s Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks (IAIPs) in Yirgalem and Bulbula. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative thematic analysis, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), and SWOT analysis was employed to evaluate the influence of governance structures on innovation and competitiveness. Findings suggest that while strong institutional frameworks and effective stakeholder coordination foster innovation, a misalignment between the innovation ecosystem and global market demands limits competitiveness. Rigid institutional structures hinder IAIPs’ adaptability to market fluctuations. Future research should explore the role of digital transformation, such as digital agriculture tools and traceability systems, in enhancing competitiveness. Additionally, examining the influence of public–private partnerships and conducting longitudinal studies on adaptive governance’s effect on IAIP resilience could provide valuable insights for the development of Ethiopia’s agro-industrial sector. The study underscores the need for flexible, market-responsive frameworks and enhanced stakeholder engagement.

Unlocking happiness: how crafting your career path boosts life satisfaction through forward thinking and self-confidence in career choices

Career construction theory (CCT) asserts that a substantial degree of career adaptability (CA) correlates with favorable outcomes when individuals undergo different environments. Building upon the theoretical framework of the CCT, our study hypothesized that the nexus between CA and life satisfaction (LS) as an outcome of adaptation is mediated by future orientation (FO) and career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE). We gathered data from 317 graduates in Greater Cairo, Egypt. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) via WarpPls 7.0 software. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between CA and LS and a positive link between CA and FO and CDMSE. Additionally, FO and CDMSE were found to be positively related to LS. However, contrary to the expectations, FO was not identified as a mediating factor between CA and LS, while CDMSE did serve as a mediator between CA and LS. Based on these results, managers can provide workshops and training opportunities to enhance graduates’ confidence and assist them in developing plans, ultimately leading them to increased satisfaction in life.

Employee Job Satisfaction in Aviation Industry: An Exploratory Study on Workplace Dynamics.

This exploratory research investigated the determinants of job satisfaction within the aviation industry, a sector characterized by a high-pressure environment and critical employee roles. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review and primary data collected from 350 aviation employees across various roles, the research identified key constructs influencing job satisfaction: employee engagement, work environment, compensation and benefits, and stress management. The study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the interrelationships among these constructs. Employee engagement emerged as the most significant driver of job satisfaction, promoting higher levels of motivation and organizational commitment. A supportive work environment was found to mitigate challenges like irregular schedules, while effective stress management programs enhanced employee resilience. Compensation and benefits, though vital, need to be paired with non-monetary incentives for holistic job satisfaction. These findings provide actionable recommendations for airline management, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions such as career development programs, stress reduction initiatives, and enhanced employee recognition systems to boost satisfaction and reduce turnover rates. Future researchers should consider longitudinal studies to track job satisfaction trends over time and expand the scope to include diverse roles, such as ground staff and maintenance crews. Comparative studies across different countries and cultural contexts could further refine strategies for improving employee well-being globally.

Corporate social responsibility, work engagement and hospital image: the roles of hospital reputation, organizational trust and information technology application

This study investigates the mediating role of hospital reputation (HOR), organizational trust (ORT), and the moderating role of perceived usefulness of information technology application (ITA) in the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), work engagement (WOE), and hospital image (HOI). Using survey data from 586 healthcare workers employed at public hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, the study employs partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the measures and hypotheses. The results reveal that effective CSR practices not only foster a positive work environment and enhance WOE but also significantly improve HOI. HOR and ORT partially mediate the impact of CSR on WOE and, alongside WOE, act as crucial mediators in the CSR-HOI relationship. These findings confirm that organizational reputation and trust are foundational to building sustainable relationships between organizations and employees while also strengthening the hospital’s image in the community. Furthermore, the study identifies perceived usefulness of ITA as a significant benefit that positively modifies the impact of CSR on HOI. From these results, practical managerial implications are proposed for hospital leaders to enhance WOE and HOI through the implementation of CSR and ITA practices.

Pathways to green food purchases: exploring the nexus of attitudes, habits and lifestyles using SEM and NCA

PurposeGreen food consumption offers a promising avenue for reducing the negative environmental impacts of the food sector. However, the challenge lies in reshaping food-related behaviors that are deeply embedded in habits and lifestyles. This study explored how attitudes, purchasing habits and food-related lifestyle characteristics influence the intention to purchase green food products.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized a representative survey of 475 residents from Budapest, Hungary. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire adapted from established literature. The analysis was conducted using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA).FindingsThe findings of this study revealed that attitudes, green habits and food-related lifestyle characteristics positively influence green food purchase intentions. Among these factors, green habits emerged as the most influential, while food innovation had the least impact. Furthermore, the necessary condition analysis (NCA) identified attitude as the sole necessary condition, albeit with a low-to-moderate effect size.Originality/valueThese findings hold significant implications for policymakers and managers, who can leverage this information to foster green food purchase intentions. By gaining deeper insights into the characteristics of their target markets and employing tailored communication strategies, they can more effectively promote sustainable consumption behaviors.

Improving the Opportunities to Implement Industry 4.0 Through Absorptive Capacity: A Multi Mediator Model Evaluation in the Manufacturing Industry of Mexico

Knowledge absorptive capacity (ACAP) has been recognized as a driving force for ICT-driven digital transformation; however, questions remain about how to maximize opportunities for implementing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) while considering the role of ACAP. Our primary objectives are to analyze how ACAP influences I4.0 opportunities (strategic, operational, and environmental/social) and to examine the mediating role of these opportunities in the connection between ACAP and I4.0 implementation. This empirical study, employing a predictive type, analyzed data from 200 manufacturing SMEs in Guanajuato, Mexico, using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS4, with a hierarchical component model Type I. The findings underscore that ACAP significantly enhances the potential for successful I4.0 implementation. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical importance of a strategic approach to leveraging I4.0 opportunities. Interestingly, the environmental and social opportunities showed limited influence on I4.0 adoption, with no evidence of their mediating role. This research contributes to illuminating the complex interplay between ACAP, I4.0 opportunities, and their collective contribution to the successful implementation of Industry 4.0 in Mexican SMEs. Finally, the study offers actionable insights for industrial practitioners and contributes to methodological advancements in PLS-SEM analysis.

Community-Level Urban Vitality Intensity and Diversity Analysis Supported by Multisource Remote Sensing Data

Urban vitality serves as a crucial metric for evaluating sustainable urban development and the well-being of residents. Existing studies have predominantly focused on analyzing the direct effects of urban vitality intensity (VI) and its influencing factors, while paying less attention to the urban vitality diversity (VD) and its indirect impact mechanisms. Supported by multisource remote sensing data, this study establishes a five-dimensional urban vitality evaluation system and employs the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) to quantify direct and indirect interrelationships between these multidimensional factors and VI/VD. The findings are as follows: (1) Spatial divergence between VI and VD: VI exhibited stronger clustering (I = 1.12), predominantly aggregating in central urban areas, whereas VD demonstrated moderate autocorrelation (I = 0.45) concentrated in mixed-use central or suburban zones. (2) Drivers of vitality intensity: VI are strongly associated with commercial density (β = 0.344) and transportation accessibility (β = 0.253), but negatively correlated with natural environment quality (r = −0.166). (3) Mechanisms of vitality diversity: VD is closely linked to public service (β = 0.228). This research provides valuable insights for city development and decision-making, particularly in strengthening urban vitality and optimizing urban functional layouts.