Parking Ticket Research Articles

Perlindungan Konsumen Pengguna Jasa Parkir Atas Pelepasan Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Parkir Menerapkan Klausula Baku dalam Mencapai Keadilan Berkontrak

The Consumer Protection Act 0.8 of 1999 contains provisions regarding the rights and obligations that consumers and business actors have. For example, consumers who have not received legal justice in standard agreements that create business actors, seeing the phenomenon that occurs, namely agreements made by parking business actors for consumers who use parking services, basically to meet the needs of a significant number of consumers, to make it easier for parking business actors, agreements that made for consumers who use parking services to be printed in bulk in the form of standard clauses contained in parking tickets that are made unilaterally. However, this authority contains the potential for fraud for parking business actors through the existence of a clause that is not permitted. The contents of this clause are based on the UUPK which is a clause that contains the loading of the responsibility of the businessperson for the consumer which is contained under Article 18 paragraph 1. From this it can be said that there are still many parking business actors who, in stipulating standard clause agreements in the form of parking tickets, violate the provisions of the Protection Act. Consumers are related to the discrepancy of the clause in UUPK to obtain contractual justice for consumers. With the existence of an agreement that uses the standard clause it is not allowed so that the legal consequences according to the explanation of Article 18 paragraph 3 UUPK are null and void.

Neighborhood inequality in government fines: The case of parking tickets in 16 U.S. cities

A common way citizens interact with the legal system is through parking tickets. Existing literature suggests that there is a relationship between parking tickets and neighborhood characteristics, particularly higher rates in economically vulnerable and historically marginalized neighborhoods. The current research is limited to a select number of cities. We seek to examine if these relationships exist at a larger geographical scale. Specifically, we investigate the spatial distribution of parking tickets across 16 U.S. cities. Employing multivariate regression models, we examine the relationship between neighborhood parking ticket rates and racial/ethnic and socioeconomic composition at the block group level. We found that percent Hispanic and percent poor are positively associated with total parking tickets, and parking tickets for violations, days of the week, and times of the day that may be more likely to be issued to neighborhood residents. While percent Black exhibits no association with total parking tickets, it is positively associated with tickets issued by police officers, revealing the complicated relationship between infrastructure, policing, and race.

Change Patterns between 1993 and 2023 and Effects of COVID-19 on Tourist Traffic in Tatra National Park (Poland)

Tatra National Park (TNP) is one of the most popular national parks in Poland. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the number of tourists visiting the Park each year from 1993 with a special focus on the COVID-19 period. The main part of this study focused on tourist traffic data for the period from 1993 to 2023. Daily, monthly, and annual data were examined. The source of most of the data is park entry ticket sales. The largest number of tourists entering TNP in the period of 1993–2022 was recorded in 2021 at 4,788,788. Tourist traffic in TNP is concentrated on so-called long weekends in May and June. An examination of data from 2010, 2015, and 2021 shows that tourist volumes on the long weekend of 1–3 May be up to 40 times larger than those on other weekends in May. On the other hand, long weekends in June can attract eight times more tourists relative to the average other weekends in June. The number of tourists engaging in hiking, climbing, spelunking, and ski touring declined during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. However, the number of ski tourers in TNP in 2021 was about four times larger than the total between 2015–2022. Data on traffic patterns are key in designing, implementing, and measuring the efficiency of solutions for sustainable management for both the peak usage periods and future patterns in tourism.

Population preferences for AI system features across eight different decision-making contexts.

Artificial intelligence systems based on deep learning architectures are being investigated as decision-support systems for human decision-makers across a wide range of decision-making contexts. It is known from the literature on AI in medicine that patients and the public hold relatively strong preferences in relation to desirable features of AI systems and their implementation, e.g. in relation to explainability and accuracy, and in relation to the role of the human decision-maker in the decision chain. The features that are preferred can be seen as 'protective' of the patient's interests. These types of preferences may plausibly vary across decision-making contexts, but the research on this question has so far been almost exclusively performed in relation to medical AI. In this cross-sectional survey study we investigate the preferences of the adult Danish population for five specific protective features of AI systems and implementation across a range of eight different use cases in the public and commercial sectors ranging from medical diagnostics to the issuance of parking tickets. We find that all five features are seen as important across all eight contexts, but that they are deemed to be slightly less important when the implications of the decision made are less significant to the respondents.

PENGARUH HARGA DAN AKSESBILITAS TERHADAP MINAT BERKUNJUNG DAN PENINGKATAN PELAKU WIRAUSAHA DI DESTINASI DANAU CIPONDOH

This research aims to determine the effect of price and accessibility on interest in visiting and its impact on increasing entrepreneurship at Lake Cipondoh. The type of research conducted is quantitative descriptive using path analysis method. The research population consists of all visitors to Lake Cipondoh, and the sample size used is 150 respondents. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling. The results of the study show that: (1) Price and accessibility have a significant effect on interest in visiting; (2) Interest in visiting has a significant effect on increasing the number of entrepreneurs. The parking ticket, admission ticket, and attraction prices are very cheap and affordable, thus visitors are interested in visiting Lake Cipondoh which is more financially accessible. The paved and concrete roads, various public transportation options, and clear signage make visitors interested in coming to Lake Cipondoh. Interest in visiting Lake Cipondoh affects the increasing demand for food and drinks, providing opportunities for business actors to establish food stalls and eateries at Lake Cipondoh.

Examining the spatial distribution of parking tickets in San Francisco neighborhoods: An overlooked form of urban inequality?

ABSTRACT Parking citations are among the most common minor offenses, which can result in millions of dollars in revenue each year for cities. However, it is an open question whether the spatial distribution of parking citations is equitable in terms of neighborhoods’ racial/ethnic composition and economic standing. To the extent that parking citations are issued in nonwhite or low-income neighborhoods, this would represent a form of urban inequality. Thus, for the present study, we assess this understudied proposition by collecting data on neighborhoods in San Francisco, California, and estimating a series of negative binomial regression models. Although we find that measures of nonwhite ethnicities are non-significant in relation to all types of parking citations, we do find evidence that low-income neighborhoods have significantly higher rates of both street cleaning and metered parking citations, in comparison to high-income neighborhoods. We also determine that the effect of neighborhood income is moderated by the concentration of certain ethnicities. The implications of these findings for urban sociology and public policy are discussed.

Perlindungan Konsumen Jasa Parkir Pusat Perbelanjaan

The implementation of parking at Samarinda City Mall is carried out using the parking model and parking space leases, with variations in standard clauses. Potential disputes between the parties in this legal relationship can occur due to damage or loss caused by the actions of third parties, which have an impact on consumer losses. Variations in the implementation of parking have an impact on legal uncertainty which results in non-optimal legal protection for consumers of parking services. The research method used is empirical juridical supported by factual data obtained from research at the Samarinda City Mall. The results of the study show that the management and arrangement of parking at the Samarinda Mall is constructed as a parking agreement, the manager is responsible for damage and loss of vehicles using parking services. The standard clause on parking tickets is an exoneration clause, while the standard clause on parking space leases is not an exoneration clause. Even though BPSK Kota Samarinda has supervisory authority for standard clauses, its implementation is less effective. Supervision can be carried out by the permit giver for effective guidance and administrative sanctions. The implementation of parking space leases at the Samarinda Mall must be disciplined, because it is an avoidance of the responsibility of business actors, as an effort to optimize consumer protection.

Evaluasi Pengelolaan Parkir Oleh Dinas Perhubungan Kota Pekanbaru

In general, the provision of parking lots by the Government is used for the whole community. In this case, the community is obliged to pay a parking fee when using the parking lot. Retribution is required to make payments to parking attendants who have been determined by the Government, especially under the guidance of the UPT Parking Department of Transportation, Pekanbaru City. In Regional Regulation Number 14 of 2016 concerning Parking Fees on Public Roads, the parking fee for 2-wheeled road users is IDR 1,000, and for 4-wheeled vehicles is IDR 2,000. but starting in early September 2022, Pekanbaru Mayor Regulation (Perwako) No. 41 of 2022 concerning Amendments to Pekanbaru Mayor Regulation No. 148 of 2020 concerning Parking Service Rates where the parking fee for two-wheeled vehicles increases to Rp. 2.000 and for cars or four-wheelers to Rp. 3.000 for one parking. The difference in parking rates between the Perda and the Perwako has resulted in practice, there are still many parking attendants who ask for retribution to pay not in accordance with predetermined rules. In addition, there are still many parking attendants who do not use parking attributes, do not provide parking tickets, and so on. This study aims to identify and describe the evaluation of parking management by the Pekanbaru City Transportation Agency using a qualitative descriptive approach with interactive model analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that parking management has not been carried out effectively because there is no clarity regarding existing regulations so the implementation has not been carried out effectively.

MODEL IMPLEMENTASI DESA WISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI DESA WISATA MUNGGU KABUPATEN BADUNG BALI

The research entitled The Implementation of Community Based Tourism Model in Munggu Village Badung Bali focused on how Munggu tourist village manage the local tourist potencies based on community participation. Data collected by observation and deep interview with village leaders and Pokdarwis (local tourism management) Head. Though the status as tourist village for Munggu village is given in 2010 with 10 other villages in Badung Regency but the follow up run slowly until the new Pokdarwis Leader make a visit to Tourist Board of Badung Regency who give a slight understanding. Then, the community-based management is implemented start from village legality, local people representative, socialization program to stakeholders, people chance for getting job, collaboration with BumDes (Commercial Village Board) as well as receiving profit through legal institution. In the program of managing Munggu Beach, Pokdarwis team held some preparations, such as cleanliness, placing food stall, parking area, toilet, information desk with healthy protocol aids. The source of fund come from food stall retribution and parking ticket. Later, it is divided 45% for BumDes after taking some for operational and depreciation. It means that the profit is shared to people through relevant institution where as another 5% for donation and education program. In short, Munggu Tourist Village successfully implemented community-based tourism management which is similar to village management model in Bali

Privacy-preserving solution for vehicle parking services complying with EU legislation.

Today, many modern cities adopt online smart parking services as best practices. Citizens can easily access these services using their smartphones or the infotainment panels in their cars. These services' primary objective is to give drivers the ability to quickly identify free parking slots, which should reduce parking time, save fuel, and relieve traffic in urban areas. However, the privacy offered by these services should be comparable to that of the standard paper-based parking solutions offered by parking ticket machines. On the other hand, a privacy-preserving smart parking service's design may raise a number of issues, including how to prevent double or multiple uses of parking tickets, how to prevent user tracking and profiling, how to revoke malicious users, how to handle data statistics without violating users' privacy, and how to comply with regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In this article, we present multidisciplinary research on a comprehensive vehicle parking system that protects users' privacy. The research includes a range of topics, from the examination of regulatory compliance to the design of privacy-preserving parking registration and vehicle parking services to the implementation of privacy-preserving parking data processing features for data analysts. We provide a security analysis of our concept as well as several experimental results.

Artificial intelligence (AI) imaging for enhancement of parking security

Parking is a public facility found in an agency or office that is used to store vehicles. There are lots of vehicles that can enter the parking area. Therefore, we need an area management and parking system. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the knowledge that makes computers able to imitate human intelligence so that computers can do things that humans do. This research is motivated by crime cases that often occur in parking lots. This is because there is still a lack of security in the place. The purpose of this study is to increase security and ease of scanning on motorcycle license plates to get parking tickets automatically and face scans. That way, if a crime occurs in the monitoring area, the camera can easily recognize the face of the perpetrator, which makes the incident process easy.

A Personal Perspective on My Scientific Career

A Personal Perspective on My Scientific Career

Reminders Work, but for Whom? Evidence from New York City Parking Ticket Recipients

We investigate heterogeneity in responsiveness to reminder letters among New York City parking ticket recipients. Using variation in the timing of letters, we find a strong aggregate response. But we find large differences across individuals: those with a low baseline propensity to respond to tickets—a natural nudge target—react least to letters. These low-response types, who incur significant late penalties, disproportionately come from already disadvantaged groups. They do react strongly to traditional, incentive-based interventions. We discuss how accounting for response heterogeneity might change one’s approach to policy and how one might use our analysis to target interventions at low-response types. (JEL D04, D12, D91, H71)

Pipeline, Pathway, Burrow

Pipeline, Pathway, Burrow

Desain Arsitektur Sistem Parkir Otomatis Dengan Arduino Uno Pada Scientia Residences Tangerang

Automated parking systems are indispensable in managing parking and to facilitate the management of parking areas. The existing parking system at Scientia Residences Tangerang is still carried out by entering the vehicle number into the computer by the operator, then printing, this means that the parking ticket given to residents and guests of Scientia Residence Tangerang is in the form of parking paper containing the vehicle number and data when the vehicle entered the parking lot. in these residences. Problems occur when parking attendants carry out parking transactions which are prone to data input errors and other errors. Making an automatic parking system is the best choice to provide solutions to existing problems. The final result of this research is the architectural design of an automatic parking system that uses Arduino Uno to be implemented at Scientia Residences Tangerang with the aim of saving time and improving the performance of the parking attendants of the residences.

The Irrelevance of Innocence: Ethnoracial Context, Occupational Differences in Policing, and Tickets Issued in Error

“The Irrelevance of Innocence” is a case study of Chicago that focuses on parking tickets that are written under false pretenses. We leverage multiple data sets against one another to demonstrate that more than one in eight tickets over a six-year span were written under conditions when restrictions did not apply. Then, we situate these findings within a multilevel framework to answer three questions: (1) Are errored tickets more likely to be issued in neighborhoods with higher proportions of Black or Latinx residents? (2) Are errored tickets more likely to be issued by patrol officers as opposed to parking enforcement officers? and (3) Does ethnoracial composition moderate the relationship between ticketing authorities and errored tickets? The implications of our findings (1) quantitatively trouble the ontological assumptions of data that are defined from a policing standpoint and (2) underscore an adjudicative process that routinely sanctions drivers without cause.

Predicting Parking Availability from Mobile Payment Transactions with Positive Unlabeled Learning

Cruising for parking in city centers is a problem for many motorists and for communities that need to reduce emissions. A widespread provision of parking assistance to address this problem requires a scalable system to generate availability information. Existing approaches to estimate the availability of parking spaces use supervised learning and depend on ground-truth labeling processes involving sensors or manual data collection. This dependency constraints the widespread roll-out and operation of such systems as the ground-truth data collection for model training, monitoring and retraining is prohibitively expensive. We describe a parking availability prediction system for paid on-street parking zones that does not depend on costly ground-truth labeling. The new approach uses solely data from parking ticket bookings via a mobile phone app. Every parking transaction serves as an implicit signal for the availability of one parking spot shortly before the booking. The system leverages this weak supervision signal by applying algorithms and metrics for positive-unlabeled learning (PU-learning). This approach enables the deployment in diverse regions, as well as the scalable monitoring and retraining of models. We evaluate our framework on a public dataset from Seattle.

The Study of Plate Number Recognition for Parking Security System

Car Plate Number Recognition System is an important platform that can be used to identify a car vehicle identity. The Recognition System is based on image processing techniques and computer vision. A webcam is used to capture an image of the car plate number from different distance, and the identification is conducted through four processes of stages: Image Acquisition Pre-processing, Extraction, Segmentation, and Character Recognition. The Acquisition Pre-processing stage is extracted the region of interest of the image. The image is captured by live video of the webcam, then converted to grayscale and binary image. The Extraction stage is extracted the plate number characters from binary image using a connected components method. In the Segmentation stage is done by implementing horizontal projection as well as moving average filter. Lastly, in the Character Recognition, is used to identify the segmented characters of the plate number using optical character recognition. The proposed method is worked well for Malaysian's private cars plate number, and can be implemented in car park system to increase level of security of the system by confirming the bar code of the parking ticket and the plate number of the car at the incoming and outgoing gates.

Idher Bumi as Traditional Ceremony in Banyuwangi

The influence of modernization, cultural value of a society that changes towards cultural values. Society can be classified as a modern society because it reflects the cultural characteristics of modern society. The traditional IdherBumi ceremony can provide a large income for the village. Revenue comes from parking tickets, sponsorships and also local governments. Based on the situation and conditions in the field, the focus of this research is: (1) The concept of the IdherBumi Traditional Ceremony in the Using Community, (2) The Change in the Traditional IdherBumi Ceremony of the Using Community, (3). Related to the above focus, the approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative case study method, and uses data validity techniques that are based on trust, transformational, dependability and certainty based on objectivity.
 

Aplikasi Reservasi Parkir Inap Menggunakan Metode Fishbone Diagram dan QR-Code

Currently parking system that is running in Pt. Sanggraha Daksamitra still uses a conventional parking system. When the driver wants to do parking, driver first presses the analog button on the parking gate to get a parking ticket. Lack of maintenance on the parking gate causes vehicle jams in the parking entrance area. To minimize errors that occur, the fishbone diagram analysis method is used to analyze the problem. After the problem was found, a parking reservation was developed that used qr-code as a scanner identification in the parking system. The system produced in this study is expected to facilitate parking drivers who want to park their vehicles in the parking area of Pt. Sanggraha Daksamitra. The results of this system will be tested using blackbox testing.