Robust multi-objective management of a multi-energy industrial park under scheduled and unscheduled gas rationing programs, incorporating the green power-to-x process and load control strategy

Considering spatial heterogeneity in modeling taxi speeding frequency: An advanced geographically weighted negative binomial regression approach.

This study developed and validated the Perceived Benefits of Municipal Parks (PBMP) Scale, a 7-item unidimensional measure of residents' perceptions of park benefits. Data collected from 309 residents across three neighborhoods in Norfolk, Virginia, underwent structural equation modeling and reliability testing. The PBMP Scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties and utility for both practitioners and researchers. Analyses revealed significant correlations between PBMP scores, and park use, access, and overall perception. Gender and user/non-user differences were found in PBMP scores, while no differences emerged across neighborhoods or racial groups. The scale provides a quantitative tool for assessing park benefits, evaluating equity, justifying investments, and informing evidence-based park management strategies. The PBMP Scale's ability to capture residents' perceptions of park benefits offers valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers. Future research could explore how PBMP scores relate to other quality of life indicators.

This study assessed structural inequity, exclusion, and discrimination in urban recreational parks in Northern Nigeria and their effects on access, participation, management, and general user satisfaction. The study tested the hypotheses that inequity in facility distribution does not significantly affect access to parks (H₀₁) and that exclusion does not significantly influence participation among women and persons with disabilities (H₀₂). A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, collecting quantitative data from 320 park users via a structured 4-point Likert scale questionnaire and qualitative data from 20 key informants, including park managers, staff, and community leaders, through semi-structured interviews. The parks studied included Yankari Game Reserve, Jos Wildlife Park, Dagona Birds Sanctuary, Gashaka-Gumti National Park, Millennium Park Abuja, and Gorilla Park. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings revealed that inequity in facility distribution and exclusion significantly affected access and participation, contradicting both H₀₁ and H₀₂. Females and persons with disabilities reported poorer access, limited inclusion, and negative experiences due to uneven facility provision, inadequate accessibility, cultural and safety barriers. Integration of quantitative and qualitative results confirmed that structural inequity, exclusion, and unethical management substantially reduce park participation and satisfaction, particularly among marginalized groups. The study recommends equitable distribution of facilities across all urban recreational parks, improved physical accessibility including ramps and seating for persons with disabilities, regular maintenance and upgrades to ensure safe, functional, and inclusive environments for all users.

Urban parking inefficiency has become a critical challenge in modern cities, leading to increased traffic congestion, higher fuel consumption, and greater environmental impact. This paper proposes an intelligent smart parking management system that integrates hardware sensing, machine learning, and computer vision to enable real-time parking monitoring and automated vehicle identification. The system combines infrared sensors, camera modules, and microcontroller-based control with vision-based parking space detection and automatic license plate recognition (ALPR). Experimental results demonstrate that the parking space detection module achieves an accuracy of 93.97%, while the license plate recognition module attains 84.93% accuracy. Extensive testing under real-world conditions confirms the system's reliability and practicality. The proposed approach enhances parking space utilization, reduces parking search time, and offers a scalable, cost-effective foundation for future smart city parking infrastructure.

Recreation service evaluation systems are critical to forest park management; however, existing frameworks often emphasize static infrastructure while overlooking tourists’ dynamic perceptions and sentiments. This study develops a comprehensive recreation service evaluation framework by integrating objective geospatial indicators with social media-based tourist feedback. A total of 67 forest parks in the Yangtze River Delta were selected as the study area. Descriptive statistics and spatial autocorrelation analyses, including Global and Local Moran’s I, were applied to the statistical properties and spatial patterns of recreation service indicators, tourist comments, and sentiment. In addition, an Extreme Gradient Boosting model with SHAP interpretation was employed to identify key recreation service indicators and explore their non-linear effects on tourist participation and sentiment. The results reveal significant positive spatial clustering of tourist comments and sentiment. Service-related and safety indicators play a dominant role in shaping tourist participation and sentiment patterns, whereas ecological indicators show weaker direct effects. Several indicators exhibit clear non-linear and threshold effects. Overall, recreation service experiences in forest parks are primarily driven by accessibility, service facilities, and safety assurance, and the proposed framework enhances dynamic interpretability and supports the optimization of recreation services.

ABSTRACT National parks attract millions of visitors seeking meaningful and restorative experiences while supporting ecological preservation and human wellbeing. However, research has given limited attention to the ways in which environmental perceptions and internal psychological processes interact to explain visitor satisfaction. The study is grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) model, which explains how external stimuli shape internal psychological states that drive behavioral outcomes. Empirical data were gathered through a visitor survey conducted in two Finnish national parks, Nuuksio and Repovesi, which yielded 488 valid responses analyzed through covariance-based structural equation modeling. The proposed framework links natural value, environmental authenticity, hedonic experience, involvement, and satisfaction to reveal the emotional and cognitive mechanisms underlying visitor experience. The analysis demonstrates that environmental authenticity is a dominant predictor of natural value (β = .65) and hedonic experience (β = .41). The model explains 57% of hedonic experience, 82% of involvement, and 42% of satisfaction, evidencing the central role of perceptual and experiential mechanisms in national park settings. Overall, the findings show that authenticity and natural value jointly shape emotional and behavioral responses, extending the S–O–R model to nature-based tourism and offering practical insights for enhancing satisfaction and sustainable park management.

Neighbourhood parks play a vital role in fostering vibrant and sustainable communities, promoting healthy lifestyles and social interactions among residents. However, the underlying factors influencing user attitudes towards neighbourhood parks in Nairobi City have not been identified. These latent factors serve as attractions that draw city residents into the parks, engaging with them continually to meet their recreational and social needs. This paper aims to identify the key factors that affect the affective component of attitudes formed after visual exposure to the attitude object, the neighbourhood park. It adopts a quantitative approach to data collection by surveying eight residential neighbourhood parks. A total of 416 park users were interviewed between July and August 2024, during which they rated thirty attitude statements on a seven-point Likert scale. To ensure diversity among park users, interviews were conducted at each park three times a day on one weekday and one weekend day. Exploratory Factor Analysis of the attitudinal statements revealed five underlying factors—complexity, richness, comfort, coherence, and legibility—that influence user attitudes towards neighbourhood parks. The paper recommends conducting a user needs assessment before park design to identify spatial attributes that encourage positive affective attitudes. Additionally, it suggests providing a range of park amenities and allocating a budget for park maintenance in park management plans.

Locally Generated Revenue (PAD) is a key indicator of regional economic performance and fiscal capacity in implementing decentralization. To strengthen regional finances, the central government enacted Law Number 1 of 2022, replacing Law Number 34 of 2000 on Regional Taxes and Levies. In response, the Payakumbuh City Government has sought to optimize PAD through the parking levy sector managed by the Transportation Agency. Roadside parking fees are positioned as a strategic revenue source; however, revenue targets have not been achieved optimally. To address this issue, the Mayor of Payakumbuh issued Decree Number 500.11.33/23.3.80/WK-PYK/2025 concerning the Determination of Parking Locations on Public Roads, establishing two new parking areas effective February 12, 2025. This study evaluates the implementation of the parking area expansion policy and analyzes its potential contribution to increasing PAD. The findings reveal that although the policy has been formally implemented, several challenges persist, including weak parking management systems, limited technological utilization, inadequate operational procedures, and insufficient field supervision. Furthermore, low public awareness regarding the importance of parking tickets and reporting violations constrains revenue optimization. Therefore, improvements are required in management systems, human resource capacity, technological integration, supervision mechanisms, and public education to foster orderly parking practices. These measures are expected to enhance the effectiveness of parking levy collection and contribute significantly to increasing PAD in Payakumbuh City.

The Batu Mahasur Waterfall tourist area is a strategic tourism asset of Gunung Mas Regency that experiences increasing visitor numbers, particularly during peak periods, which may affect parking performance and vehicle circulation. This study aims to evaluate the parking performance of the Batu Mahasur Waterfall tourist area by analyzing key parking characteristics, including parking volume, accumulation, turnover, occupancy rate, and parking index. The study employed primary data obtained from field parking surveys and secondary data in the form of site layout plans. The results indicate that the existing parking facilities are generally sufficient to accommodate current visitor demand, as no critical parking saturation was identified. However, several improvements are still required to enhance parking efficiency and service quality, particularly through optimization of parking layout and management strategies to support sustainable tourism development.

The spatial and planning solutions of underground spaces in business centers are considered, combining the functions of shelters and parking. This approach promotes the efficient use of limited urban areas, which is highly relevant for modern urban development. Such multifunctional complexes not only address the issue of parking shortages but also integrate into the city’s infrastructure, creating opportunities for economic and social activity. The integration of shelters and parking facilities is a logical step that optimizes land use and provides civil protection for the population, highlighting the dual value of such structures. Designing these spaces requires an understanding of construction standards, safety requirements, and ergonomics to ensure maximum functionality and comfort. Efficient use of underground areas also reduces the load on surface land, freeing it up for green zones and sustainable urban development. These spaces serve not only as parking facilities but may also include commercial, administrative, and technical zones that meet the demands of the urban environment. The shelter function is fundamental in contemporary design amid conflicts and emergencies. Underground parking facilities can be quickly transformed into fully functional civil protection shelters equipped with life-support systems. This dual-purpose use of space demands a special approach to planning and engineering systems to ensure rapid transformation and compliance with safety regulations (DBN). Such solutions increase urban resilience and population safety. Underground spaces are equipped with modern engineering systems: water supply, ventilation, fire safety, heating, cooling, and automation. These systems enhance both efficiency and safety. Ventilation ensures air quality, while fire safety systems provide automatic suppression and evacuation. Automation optimizes system operations and reduces energy consumption. Modern monitoring systems and intelligent parking management improve functionality. The implementation of BIM technologies supports coordination and resource management. The design of underground spaces is based on the principles of flexibility and adaptability. Their function can change without significant capital investment. For example, part of a parking facility can be temporarily converted for exhibitions or events. This flexibility is valuable for business centers aiming to maximize asset utilization. The combination of functionality and engineering solutions defines the current trend in underground space design — the creation of multifunctional and adaptable environments. These can serve various purposes: parking, retail spaces, gyms, or data centers. This reflects the global trend toward multifunctionality in urban spaces and sustainable development. The development of such projects requires the involvement of highly qualified specialists. The implementation of new technologies is an integral part of the process. Ultimately, these underground complexes become key elements of modern infrastructure, contributing to economic growth, quality of life, and urban resilience.

With the increasing integration of renewable energy and intensifying fluctuations in industrial electricity demand, efficient load management of heavy industrial facilities has become a critical issue in the field of demand response. This study proposes a load scheduling optimization method that combines zoning and hierarchical control. For the steel industry, which is characterized by multiple types of high-energy-consuming equipment, functional zones are first defined based on production processes and load characteristics, followed by hierarchical management within each zone according to the response capability and importance of equipment. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization model is established that considers dynamic electricity prices, scheduling pressure, equipment response costs, and compensation mechanisms. By setting reasonable scheduling constraints, time-based, hierarchical, and zoned optimization scheduling of various types of equipment is achieved. Simulation results based on a typical steel enterprise demonstrate that the proposed method can ensure stable operation of core production equipment while fully tapping the regulation potential of non-core equipment, thereby enhancing the overall flexibility and economic benefits of the load response. This study provides a theoretical foundation and a practical reference for demand response strategies and intelligent load management in energy-intensive industrial parks.

The issue of climate change continues to be a hot topic of discussion in all circles today. This issue received an extraordinary response, because the impact it had could affect the order of life on earth and humans in particular. Indonesia is United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC). Line with tis commitment implement it the ground, including in national park areas. Rawa Bunder is part of the Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) management area lowland tropical forest ecosystem which can support the achievements of Indonesia’s Nationally Determined Contriibutions (NDCs). A forest ecosystem dominated by trees is a biodiversity system to prevent an increase in carbon concentrations in the atmosphere. The aim of this research is to analyze vegetation diversity and its aboveground carbon stock in Rawa Bunder. 5 sample plots (nested plot) measuring 50m x 20m (tree more then 20 cm of diameter at breast geight/dbh), 10m x 10m (poles with 5 cm to 20 cm of dbh), 5m x5m (saplings with less of 5 cm of dbh) were taken randomly. The species found was dominated by Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia) and Puspa (Schima wallichii), accounted for 13.41 tonnes/ha aboveground carbon stock in the study area. It is proven that the less diversity of vegetation does not guarantee the amount of carbon in a plot. Trees in forests are the largest component capable of absorbing and storing carbon.

Preserving national identity and supporting culture based sustainable development require safeguarding cultural heritage. One legacy of the Cirebon Sultanate is the Sunyaragi Cave, which holds historical, architectural, and cultural significance. Although preservation regulations exist, challenges remain in policy implementation. This study evaluates the Sunyaragi Cave preservation policy by examining policy actors, implementation mechanisms, and supporting and hindering factors. Using a qualitative case study, data were collected through interviews with the Cirebon City Culture and Tourism Office and the Sunyaragi Water Park Management Agency, along with field observations. Data were analyzed using George C. Edwards III’s implementation model and street level bureaucracy. Findings show that implementation is suboptimal due to weak coordination, limited resources, and insufficient public communication. Inclusive preservation requires collaborative governance.

Urban green spaces play a critical role in ecological sustainability, public health, and social well-being, especially in rapidly urbanizing regions. This study examines Taman Hutan Pakal, an urban forest in West Surabaya, to explore its potential as a sustainable edu-ecotourism and family recreation destination from a management and innovation perspective. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with park managers, visitors, local communities, and urban planning experts, as well as document analysis. Thematic analysis identified four key insights. First, Taman Hutan Pakal possesses significant ecological and recreational potential. Second, existing challenges include insufficient family-oriented infrastructure, limited environmental education programs, and low visibility in public engagement. Third, opportunities exist through societal demand and supportive policies to enhance environmental literacy and healthy recreational practices. Fourth, strategic interventions such as branding as an Educational Urban Forest, implementing biodiversity-based environmental education, improving child-friendly facilities, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration enable value transformation, innovation in urban park management, and long-term sustainability. The findings highlight the importance of integrating ecological, social, and educational dimensions in urban green space management to generate community well-being and strategic value for regional development.

This study aims to examine the dual role of community organizations (OMS) in managing illegal parking in Jakarta. The focus is to understand how OMS are not only involved in economic exploitation but also contribute to law enforcement in public spaces. A mixed-method approach is used to gain a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. Quantitative data was collected through surveys administered to users of illegal parking services and members of civil society organizations (CSOs). Qualitative data were collected through focused group discussions involving Pemuda Pancasila, FBR, Forkabi, and other informal actors. Findings show that CSOs have a dual function: they act as parking enforcement officers while also engaging in the collection of illegal fees. Although operating outside the formal legal framework, their presence reflects a hybrid governance model that fills institutional gaps in the provision of public services. More inclusive and participatory urban governance policies are needed to address the complexity of informal regulation in city management. This study contributes to the understanding of informal governance and hybrid authority in urban environments. The novelty lies in the dual role of OMS in addressing illegal parking and informal parking governance.

Forest serves as critical carbon sinks, and their management significantly influences carbon stock capacity. Despite Bhutan’s national commitment to environmental conservation, empirical data on the impact of park management on carbon stock, particularly soil organic carbon fraction, remain unexplored. This study assessed the impact of forest management practices on carbon stock by analyzing the soil organic carbon fractions, such as particulate organic matter (> 53μm) and mineral-associated organic matter (< 53μm), along with biomass stock in Ruecheyna Park Range of Jigme Dorji National Park (JDNP) in Bhutan. The study was conducted using a random sampling design with 30 plots each in the Buffer Zone (BZ) and Multiple Use Zone (MUZ). Aboveground biomass was quantified using species-specific allometric equations, soil organic carbon fraction through physical fractionation, and the loss on ignition method. The data were analyzed using R version 4.3.3 statistical software. Results revealed considerably higher carbon stock in BZ (293±90.05 t ha-1) compared to MUZ (210.65±89.75 t ha-1, p < .001), with biomass carbon accounting for 49.75% in BZ and 44.3% in MUZ of the total stock. Soil organic carbon stock varied significantly with an estimated 147.58 t ha⁻¹ ± 47.94 in BZ and 117.31 t ha⁻¹ ± 45.81 in MUZ. Both POM and MAOM showed greater stability in BZ than MUZ with lower CV. The findings underscore the importance of zone-specific forest management in enhancing stable carbon pools. Moreover, results demonstrate that distinct forest zones exhibit significantly different contributions to stable soil organic carbon fractions, a pattern that would be overlooked when total SOC alone is considered. By explicitly separating SOC fractions across management zones, this study provides a more reliable framework for carbon stock estimation and offers critical insights for zone-specific forest management and long-term carbon sequestration strategies.

Abstract. Rising traffic demand around university campuses and sports venues exacerbates parking scarcity and congestion. This study develops a UAV–deep learning workflow for the automatic quantification of parked vehicles and the estimation of occupancy levels across facilities at the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL). UAV surveys of the East and West Estadio UANL lots and the FIME faculty lots were conducted with DJI Mavic 2 and Matrice 350 RTK platforms during high-demand periods, including football matches and student egress peaks. The imagery, processed into centimeter-scale orthomosaics (2.4–2.8 cm ground sampling distance), enabled reliable instance detection using a pretrained Mask R-CNN Car Detection model. A total of 4,591 vehicles were identified across the surveyed areas: 2,336 in the West lot, 1,684 in the East lot, and 571 in the FIME lots. Kernel density estimation and spatial metrics revealed near-saturation of stadium lots during matches, reduced occupancy during off-event periods, and elevated but distributed demand in faculty lots during class dismissal. These geospatial indicators were integrated into a parking management framework using heat maps and bottleneck detection around access and egress roads. The approach demonstrates the potential of UAV–deep learning workflows to support demand-responsive parking control, traffic guidance, and long-term planning in congested university and event-driven environments.

This study aims to analyze the success of collaborative governance in managing parking levy administration at the Department of Transportation of Kupang City. A qualitative research method was employed, using both primary and secondary data. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis based on the collaborative governance theory proposed by Ansell and Gash. The findings indicate that the success of parking levy management is influenced by four main indicators. First, face-to-face dialogue plays a crucial role in strengthening collaboration among stakeholders and improving efficiency and effectiveness in parking services. Second, trust-building is a continuous process that requires commitment to transparency, fairness, and service quality improvement. Third, commitment to the process is a core element in achieving effective and sustainable parking management. Fourth, mutual understanding among stakeholders contributes to a more responsive, efficient, and sustainable parking management system that enhances public welfare and stakeholder satisfaction.

ABSTRACT Urban parks in rapidly growing cities serve multiple functions. However, the interplay between natural aesthetics, recreation and commercialisation remains underexplored, especially in the Global South. This study analysed 3179 user‐generated Google Reviews images from 17 public parks in Cairo. We applied topic modelling, K‐means clustering and associative word analysis to examine visitor perceptions. Three main themes emerged: Family & Recreation, Natural Scenery & Greenery, and Crowds & Urban Activity. The analysis revealed both distinctive park identities and common commercial features, such as restaurants and ticketed facilities. Clustering highlighted a spectrum of park experiences, from natural, low‐commercial spaces to highly commercialised, family‐focused destinations. Findings show that commercialisation not only enhances attractiveness and recreational opportunities but also affects accessibility and place identity. This research provides a framework for understanding visitor perceptions and supports sustainable and inclusive park management in urban contexts of the Global South.