Parents In China Research Articles

Quality of life and its influencing factors on children with asthma in China: a comparative study before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective This study compares the level of quality of life (QoL) and its influencing factors on children with asthma before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study carried out cross-sectional surveys on children with asthma and their parents in China before and during the epidemic. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Family Management Scale for Children with Asthma (FMSCA), and the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ). Participants from before the epidemic were matched by their propensity score in a 1:1 ratio with individuals from during the epidemic. The level of QoL of children with asthma was subsequently analyzed. Both univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were employed to identify the influencing factors. Results Compared to their level before the epidemic, the total score of PAQLQ and its three dimensions decreased during the epidemic. Regression analysis revealed that before the epidemic, the total score of PAQLQ was significantly associated with follow-up visits, attendance of asthma lectures, and the total score of FMSCA (p < 0.05). During the epidemic, the total score of the PAQLQ was significantly associated with three dimensions of the FMSCA (future expectation, children identity, and views of condition), and two classifications of the family management styles (FMS) (enduring and accommodating) (p < 0.05). Conclusion The QoL of children with asthma deteriorated during the epidemic. Influencing factors changed during the epidemic, with more emphasis on the family environment. Future intervention strategies need to take into account the development of interactions between children and environmental forces.

Unequal parenting in China: A study of socio-cultural and political effects

This study examines the parental socio-cultural and political effects on parenting practices in China. Based on the China Education Panel Survey, we construct a new typology of parenting styles – intensive, permissive, authoritarian and neglectful – and focus on intensive parenting as a particular mode in which the more privileged families in China use superior cultural and political resources to reinforce their advantages. We show that parents in higher class positions, with higher education and with membership in the leading Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tend to adopt intensive parenting as a means of securing all-round development and obtaining favourable academic achievement for their children. Parenting styles thus reflect a more complicated feature of social stratification in China than in Western societies.

Child Gender and Subjective Well-Being of Older Parents in China

Child Gender and Subjective Well-Being of Older Parents in China

Parental knowledge, attitude, and practice on pediatric pneumonia in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Aim Pediatric pneumonia, a common disease, is the major cause of mortality in young children in China. However, the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of parents in China on etiologies, prevention, and care of pediatric pneumonia are still unclear. Here we investigated the KAP of parents on pediatric pneumonia. Subject and methods This cross-sectional study enrolled parents in the Yungang area, Fengtai, Beijing and surrounding areas from September 1, 2022 to October 31, 2022. The demographic characteristics of subjects were collected for KAP score evaluation. The KAP scores of parents with different demographic characteristics were compared. Results In total, 502 subjects participated in this study, of which the mean knowledge score was 9.61 ± 3.25, the attitude score was 33.85 ± 4.03, and the practice score was 17.87 ± 2.38. The findings showed that gender, age, residence, education, medical-field work, income per capita, previous pediatric pneumonia, and smoking significantly differed in knowledge score (P &lt; 0.05). Gender, residence, education, and previous pediatric pneumonia were significantly different in attitude score (P &lt; 0.05). Parental age, children's numbers, and smoking were significantly different in practice score (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Parents of young children exhibit a good attitude and practice toward prevention and treatment of pediatric pneumonia, while the relevant knowledge about the same disease was lower. It was recommended to carry out further studies in different regions; government and health institutions could take steps to improve the KAP of parents.

The Relationships Between Maternal Anxiously Attached Feelings Towards The Child, Parenting Stress, and Negative Parenting in China

The Relationships Between Maternal Anxiously Attached Feelings Towards The Child, Parenting Stress, and Negative Parenting in China

Study of Changes in Parents' Educational Psychology Caused by Changes in Educational Policies in China and Japan

At present, China and Japan do not have a clear unified standard in terms of educational objectives, but in terms of educational policies, China and Japan are becoming more and more similar in their philosophy of human resource development. According to Fan (2022), both China and Japan have begun to "focus on the mastery of basic knowledge," "focus on the cultivation of abilities," "the comprehensive development of knowledge and abilities," and "the cultivation of comprehensive talents for the healthy development of children's bodies and minds. According to Fan (2022), these changes in the philosophy of talent training are, in the end, caused by the "view of learning ability" at different stages. The "view of learning ability" in a period affects the educational reform in a period." Although "free education" ended in Japan, the "abolition of free education" policy, which was reintroduced in 2008, still inherited its core elements. In 2021, China adopted measures to reduce the burden of homework and out-of-school training courses for students in compulsory education, known as the "double reduction." The current enactment of China's "double reduction" policy is also an inheritance and development of the implementation of the "burden reduction”. In recent years, "parents' anxiety about education" has been repeatedly mentioned as an implicit indicator to evaluate the level of education while the government is revising its education policies. Some studies have shown that "parents' anxiety about education" refers to parents' excessive concern about the process and results of their children's education at school. It is a general anxiety that is prevalent among parents. Japan has been successfully implementing the "free education elimination" policy for 15 years. Meanwhile, China, which has just implemented a "double reduction" policy, is a good example of alleviating parental anxiety. I think it is very meaningful to make efforts to eliminate parents' educational anxiety by exchanging contents related to the educational psychology of parents in China and Japan and identifying examples to learn.

Chinese Parents' Perspective on Myopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

The prevalence of myopia in young generations has dramatically increased over the years, especially in China. This study aims to understand Chinese parents' perspectives on myopia for further improvement of treatment compliance and informing future health planning and policy. This was a prospective cross-sectional survey study. A self-administrated, internet-based questionnaire was distributed to 2545 parents in China. Detailed information about the demographics, the awareness of myopia, related complications, and practices of myopia prevention and control of the respondents were collected. The distribution of answers was compared among different groups of children's age, children's refractions, and parents' residential locations. Relationships between parental cognition and behavior were also analyzed. Eligible responses were returned by 2500 parents. A total of 55.1% of the respondents considered myopia as a disease and more than 70% of respondents did not realize pathological changes related to myopia. Most parents thought myopia could be prevented (82.0%) and controlled (75.2%), and these parents were more likely to take measures than the parents who did not think so (P < 0.001). The most common myopia control modality was spectacles (87.0%), among which single-vision spectacles are the most used (63.7%). Knowledge about health risks related to myopia was lacking in Chinese parents and their practices of myopia control mainly involved single-vision glasses. Nationwide education for parents about myopia is needed to further advance outcomes of myopia prevention and control.

Does the Economic Status of Adult Children Influence Self-Rated Health Among Older Adults in China?

We aim to investigate the association between children's economic status and parents' self-rated health and examine the potential mediating mechanisms for this relationship. Utilizing nationally representative data in China in 2014, this study predicted parent's self-rated health from children's economic status using inverse probability of treatment weighting to account for selection and endogeneity bias. We further examined depressive symptoms, kin and nonkin social support networks, emotional closeness to children, and economic support from children, as potential mediators of this relationship. The study reveals that parents whose children had greater economic success tended to have better self-rated health. For both rural and urban older adults, depressive symptoms served as the most influential mediator. However, only among rural older adults did the size of their support networks mediate the relationship between children's economic status and perceived health. The results from this study suggest that children's economic success contributes to better self-rated health among older adults. In part, this relationship was explained by better emotional well-being and greater availability of support resources among parents in rural areas with successful children. This quasi-causal analysis demonstrates that adult children remain important for the well-being of their older parents in China, but also suggests that health inequalities in later life are exacerbated by the chance of having economically successful offspring.

Expressions of uncertainty in invisible scientific and religious phenomena during naturalistic conversation

Across cultures, studies report more confidence in the existence of unobservable scientific phenomena, such as germs, as compared to unobservable religious phenomena, such as angels. We investigated a potential cultural mechanism for the transmission of confidence in the existence of invisible entities. Specifically, we asked whether parents in societies with markedly different religious profiles—Iran and China—signal differential confidence across the domains of science and religion during unmoderated conversations with their children (N = 120 parent-child dyads in total; 5- to 11-year-olds). The results revealed that parents used fewer lexical cues to uncertainty when discussing scientific phenomena, as compared to religious phenomena. Unsurprisingly, this cross-domain distinction was observed among majority belief, secular parents in China (Study 2). More importantly, however, the same pattern was observed among parents in Iran, a highly religious society (Study 1), as well as among minority belief, religious parents in China (Study 2). Thus, adults in markedly different belief communities spontaneously express less confidence in religious, as compared to scientific, invisible entities in naturalistic conversation. These findings contribute to theories on the role of culture and testimony in the development of beliefs about unobservable phenomena.

The experience of loneliness among the Chinese bereaved parents—a qualitative study from the life course perspective

BackgroundWith the implementation of the 37 years one-child policy, many couples only have one child in China. Chinese parents whose only child died and did not give birth to or adopt another child are known as “Shidu” parents or “Shiduer”. Characterised by elements of childlessness, bereavement, and ageing, Shiduer are at a higher risk of experiencing loneliness. However, little is known about their loneliness experience. Adopting a life course perspective, this research aims to investigate how loneliness was experienced and coped by older Chinese Shidu parents and identify the most vulnerable groups for policy intervention.MethodsQualitative method was adopted for this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 participants from urban and rural Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province in central China, to collect data on participants’ life course related resources and loneliness experience after bereavement. An abductive approach was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe results demonstrate that the social environment (urban/rural), timing of bereavement (midlife/older age), social network (strong/weak), and coping strategies (escape-avoidance/problem-solving) differentiate the experience of loneliness among the Shiduer. Those who lived in rural communities, those bereaved in older age, those who had a weak social network, and those who adopted the escape-avoidance strategy were found vulnerable and suffered from more chronic and intensive loneliness than their counterparts without these characteristics.ConclusionThis study is among the first attempts to examine loneliness experience and coping among older Chinese bereaved parents from a qualitative, life course perspective. It provides insights into how loneliness has been perceived and experienced differently among the bereaved one-child parents in China. The results of the current study provide important implications for policymakers and practitioners/social workers for the intervention of loneliness.

Status Quo of Development of Vocational Education in China and Comparisons with America and Japan

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2022 proposed to develop higher vocational education in China rapidly. Based on this proposition, this paper firstly researches the status quo of the development of higher vocational education in China and then makes comparisons with Japan and America where higher vocational education is booming, to explore problems in the development of higher vocational education in China at the present stage. Then it analyzes the key to settle these problems, and provide relevant solutions. In the end, this paper finds the unduly close correlation between China’s higher vocational education and traditional education system, the bias related to higher vocational education of students and parents in China and other problems. Furthermore, it provides suggestions including the establishment of a unique higher vocational education enrollment system, improvement of legislation and display of achievement made in higher vocational education to the society.

The association between financial support of adult children to their parents and informal care provision in China and its differences in household registration, residence arrangement and community-based care services: 2008 ~ 2018

BackgroundThe changes in demographic and family structures have weakened the traditional norms of filial piety and intergenerational relationships dramatically. This study aims to examine the dynamic association between financial support of adult children to their parents and informal care provision in China and its differences in household registration, residence arrangement and community-based care services.MethodsData was derived from the 2008–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), which is a longitudinal survey of a nationally representative sample of individuals aged 60 and over. Random effects model was used to assess the association between financial support and informal care provision of adult children to their parents.ResultsIt was found that financial support showed an upward trend while informal care provision showed a download trend from 2008 to 2018. The result indicated a significant and negative association between financial support and informal care provision of adult children to their parents (B = -0.500, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.761 to -0.239). And the association was significant among elderly people who were from urban areas (B = -0.628, 95% CI = -0.970 to -0.287), co-resided with adult children (B = -0.596, 95% CI = -0.939 to -0.253), and had community-based services (B = -0.659, 95% CI = -1.004 to -0.315).ConclusionFinancial support was negatively associated with informal care provision of adult children to their parents in China, and the association has differences in household registration, residence arrangement and community-based care services. It is suggested that policymakers should prioritize planning interventions for elderly care services and establish a family caregiver support system.

Causes and Countermeasures of Illegitimate Complaints from Parents in China's Education System Case Study of "A Teacher's Corporal Punishment towards Her Student Resulting in Vomiting Blood" in Weibo

In the most popular Chinese social media Sina Microblog, which is called Weibo , a netizen complained an incident that "a teacher's corporal punishment towards her student which caused vomiting blood". The incident was widely followed and spread on Weibo but then proved to be fake. Though illegitimate content was issued, from the original intention of the one involved in the claim for rights protection, the reason for this illegitimate complaining behavior is more profound. On the one hand, there exists a lack of social credibility in China's education system and the phenomenon of stigmatized teachers, which leads to an urgent voice for the supervision of educational practitioners among the masses; on the other hand, the expression of China's civil rights and its communication channels need to be further improved to promote deep development of China's civil society. Therefore, the public power of education needs to be further standardized and the multi-level system of safeguarding education rights to be optimized, so as to promote the construction of civil society and to adapt to the latest trends of social development. Meanwhile, the Internet complaining system needs to be improved which means the increase of punishment for illegitimate accusations and defamation and promotion of the Internet legal ecosystem.

The Interactive Effects of Parental Mediation Strategies in Preventing Cyberbullying on Social Media.

Applying the parental mediation theory, this study investigates the main effects and interactive effects of three parental social media strategies, ie, active mediation, restrictive mediation, and non-intrusive inspection, on cyberbullying among teenagers. A matched child-parent survey was conducted with 642 secondary-school students aged 13-18 and their parents in China. The results showed that active mediation was negatively associated with both cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Restrictive mediation was not significantly associated with cyberbullying. Non-intrusive inspection was positively associated with cyberbullying perpetration but not associated with cyberbullying victimization. Moreover, the two-way interaction between active and restrictive mediation as well as the three-way interaction between the three parental mediation strategies significantly affected cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. Specifically, the combination of high-level active mediation and non-intrusive inspection with low-level restrictive mediation was the most effective strategy for preventing cyberbullying. This finding significantly contributes to the parental mediation literature and provide theoretical guidelines for parental intervention to prevent cyberbullying among teenager.

Exposure to socially influential peer parents: Evidence from cadre parents in China

Parents with a special social status generate spillover effects to other parents and children. Because cadres (government officials) in China have a broad influence on resource allocation, their presence elicits responses from surrounding parents and students. Exploiting random classroom assignments in Chinese middle schools, we find that increased exposure to classmates' cadre parents raises parents' attention to their children's friendships and guidance over schoolwork. We also find evidence suggesting that parental changes raise the child's test scores. The findings highlight parental adjustments as a mediator of the external influence of peer parents on children.

Influence of Neighborhood-Based Identity and Social Participation on the Social Integration of the Drifting Elderly

The drifting elderly are an interprovincial floating elderly population that is mainly composed of unemployed older parents in China. They have left their usual residence and relocated to urban areas, facing challenge about social integration. As a neighborhood has played important roles in the floating population’s social integration, this study was designed to investigate the influence of neighborhood-based identity and social participation on the social integration of the drifting elderly. Five rounds of data collection and analysis were conducted in a continuous crossover sequence using grounded theory. Twenty-four participants were recruited from three districts in Shanghai, China. The neighborhood was shown to play a prominent role in the drifting elderly’s perceptions of social integration. Good neighborhood relations help the drifting elderly establish effective social support networks, interact with inflowing society, get in touch with more human resources, and form social relationships and networks. Neighborhood-based participants and identity were more conducive to eliminating heterogeneity and creating homogeneity for the drifting elderly. Thus, the neighborhood affects the social integration of the drifting elderly, which directly impacts their social feelings, integrations, and networks. Management of social integration among the drifting elderly should be focused on creating general opportunities for them to participate in neighborhood-based social events with a reasonable identity.

Parenting styles in Chinese and European tradition

The attitude of parents to the child and the parenting style affect their socialization, emotional state, intelligence and moral development. The article examines the peculiarities of the parenting style that has developed in China and European countries. The article analyzes the postulates of the modern paradigm of parenting in China, which is based on Confucian philosophy and the pedagogical heritage of classical Chinese thinkers, poets and writers who formed the ancient traditions of family education. The priorities transmitted by parents in the process of upbringing are highlighted. The main directions of the interpretation of parental styles in Western Europe are considered: psychoanalytic, behaviorist and humanistic. Classifications of approaches to the education of Russian researchers are also analyzed.

Children’s E-Learning Interactions and Perceived Outcomes with Educational Key Opinion Leaders in China

Classroom teaching has been undergoing a digital transformation in the last decade and is now being amplified by Educational Key Opinion Leaders (Edu-KOLs). This research aims to investigate the relationship between learners’ perceived outcomes, motivation, and the selection preferences of Edu-KOLs. This paper presents insights gained from a two-phase study. We conducted research in the first phase through an online questionnaire completed by 186 parents in China whose children are studying or have recently studied online. In the second phase, we interviewed parents to deep dive into their thinking process behind their choices of Edu-KOLs. By utilizing the PLS-SEM method, this research has proposed and verified six hypotheses asserting that e-learning platforms, student engagement scores, and perceived outcomes strongly correlate with the perception of Edu-KOLs. However, parents’ educational level or occupation has less impact on the choices of Edu-KOLs. There are also positive relationships among Edu-KOLs, customer advocacy, and future purchase intention.

Communication strategies of colleges and universities based on spatial and temporal distribution of s

The development of marketing strategies based on temporal and spatial student’s distribution is extremely important in order to win a niche in the market of educational services. The object of the study is information about the place of origin of the Henan Institute of Science and Technology students in 2016 and 2020. The data used are provided by the Office of Academic Affairs of Henan Institute of Science and Technology, which selects identity data of students admitted and registered at the university in 2016 and 2020. The temporal and spatial distribution and spatial aggregation characteristics of the student enrolments are analyzed, as well as factors affecting the quality of the student flows, such as geographic location, total number of students per year, and publicity. The paper uses spatial data analysis (ESDA), which determines the spatial weight between districts. Global Moran’s I index was used for spatial analysis. The analysis carried out on the example of Henan province showed that the number of graduates in each city in a given year directly affects the number of university entrants (in 2020, the largest number of school graduates was recorded in the cities of Zhoukou and Nanyang, which had the highest number of university entrants). The spatial arrangement of colleges and universities is identified as the main factor influencing the recruitment of students of each educational institution. The choice of colleges and universities by applicants and their parents in China is also determined by proximity to large cities, convenient transportation, and employment opportunities. It has been established that advertising educational services of universities is also an additional factor in their popularization and attraction of students. The important achievements and characteristics of the school should be highly summarized to ensure that all the information on the school brand is spread in the whole domain in a comprehensive manner. Different media should be selected for different students from different places. Attention should be paid to the use of new media such as WeChat, Micro-blog, Tiktok etc. Also, a significant role should be given to interpersonal communication and mobilization of the enthusiasm of graduates to increase the popularity of a particular educational institution. Colleges and universities should reflect on themselves, correct in time, and actively establish a complete, effective, and dynamic evaluation mechanism for marketing, to improve marketing strategies, including through surveys of graduates, students, parents and other stakeholders of higher education.

One potential hotspot SLC25A20 gene variants in Chinese patients with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency.

Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency (CACT deficiency) is a rare and life-threatening autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation caused by variant of SLC25A20 gene. The most prevalent missense variant in the SLC25A20 gene in Asia was c.199-10T > G. Due to the c.199-10T > G variant, CACT deficiency is a severe phenotype. Herein, we present a neonatal case with c.199-10T > G variant in China and analyze the clinical, biochemical, and genetic aspects of 78 patients previously identified with CACT deficiency. The patient presented with a series of severe metabolic crises that rapidly deteriorated and eventually died 3 days after delivery. The sequencing of the patient's genome indicated that he was homozygous for the c.199-10T > G variant. 30 patients were found to have the c.199-10T > G mutation, of which 23 were Chinese and 22 were afflicted by the c.199-10T > G splicing variation. In China, c.199-10T > G allele frequency was 82.6%. In CACT deficiency, prompt recognition and treatment are critical. Our data suggested that c.199-10T > G may be a potential hotspot SLC25A20 gene mutation in the Chinese population. Detection of single nucleotide polymorphism is possible for high-risk patients and parents in China.