Mindful Parenting Research Articles

Effectiveness of mindful parenting training on mental health and parenting competence on mothers of children with special needs

Effectiveness of mindful parenting training on mental health and parenting competence on mothers of children with special needs

Mindful Parenting pada Orangtua dengan Anak Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH): Tinjauan Sistematis

High parenting stress often occurs in parents of children with special needs such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Whereas the involvement of parents in the life of children with ADHD is much more important. Thus the stress should rightly be prevented, by applying mindful parenting. The aim of this research is to give a clear explanation in the form of systematic review about mindful parenting as a protective factor in handling parenting stress on parents of children with ADHD. It aims eventually to optimize the role of parents and family support for children’s education. It surveys six studies in English and Indonesian published in the last 10 years, peer reviewed under the same theme. The databases used are from ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Frontier Psychology, ProQuest, PsycARTICLES, and Google Scholar. The research concludes that mindful parenting is effective at reducing parenting stress and improving the quality of parent-child relationships in the case of ADHD children. It also emphasizes that it is important for parents to maintain relationships with children and optimize their role in educating or fulfilling children’s needs for proper education.

Mindful parenting is positively associated with adolescents’ life satisfaction: The mediating role of adolescents’ coping self-efficacy

Studies have demonstrated that life satisfaction has a large impact on adolescents’ development. However, adolescence is a period with extensive challenges and stressors that may threaten adolescents’ life satisfaction if they cope with them ineffectively. The current study investigated the effect of mindful parenting on adolescents’ life satisfaction and the mediating role of adolescents’ coping self-efficacy. The participants included 479 parent-adolescent dyads. Data on both parents’ self-reported mindful parenting and adolescents’ perceptions of their parents’ mindful parenting were collected and combined to estimate levels of mindful parenting. The results indicated that mindful parenting is positively associated with adolescents’ life satisfaction and that adolescents’ coping self-efficacy mediates this relationship. Specifically, higher levels of mindful parenting are linked with higher levels of adolescents’ coping self-efficacy, which is in turn positively associated with adolescents’ life satisfaction. These findings shed light on the importance of mindful parenting for adolescents’ healthy development. The theoretical and practical implications of the current study results as well as future research directions are discussed.

A review of mindful parenting

The benefits of mindfulness are widely recognized, and it has received increasing research attention. Recently, researchers have extended the concept and practice of mindfulness to the parent–child relationship and proposed the construct of mindful parenting, that is, parenting with mindfulness. However, mindful parenting is a relatively new concept in the field of family studies, and the contents, psychometrically robust measures, outcomes, and cultivation methods of mindful parenting warrant in-depth exploration. This article presents a systematic review of mindful parenting. We first conceptualized mindful parenting by consolidating the existence of this construct. Then, we summarized various measurements to assess this construct, and reviewed theoretical models and empirical research on the roles of mindful parenting. We also illustrated the ways to enhance mindful parenting and provided current evidence regarding these methods. Further, we discussed the limitations in this field and proposed future research directions.

Mindful Parenting, Parenting Cognitions, and Parent-Youth Communication: Bidirectional Linkages and Mediational Processes

Mindful Parenting, Parenting Cognitions, and Parent-Youth Communication: Bidirectional Linkages and Mediational Processes

The Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale – Infant Version

The present study aims to explore the factor structure and psychometric properties of an adapted version of the Portuguese version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale for parents of infants aged 0 to 12 months (the IM-P-I). Two studies were conducted. The first study included 560 postpartum mothers and examined the factor structure and internal consistency of the IM-P-I. The second study included 295 postpartum mothers, with the goal of cross-validating the factor structure of the questionnaire and examining its internal consistency and construct validity. In both studies, the original correlated five-factor model (which included the subscales Listening with Full Attention, Emotional Awareness of the Child, Compassion for the Child, Self-Regulation in Parenting, and Nonjudgmental Acceptance of Parental Functioning) was the best-fitting model. Adequate Cronbach’s alpha values were found for the total scale and for all subscales, except for the Emotional Awareness of the Child subscale. Moderate to strong negative correlations were found between the IM-P-I subscales and anxious and depressive symptomatology and emotional dysregulation. This study shows that the IM-P-I is a psychometrically adequate measure of mindful parenting in the postpartum period.

Design and rationale for ADAPT+: Optimizing an intervention to promote healthy behaviors in rural, Latino youth with obesity and their parents, using mindfulness strategies

Latino youth living in rural areas represent an ethnic and geographical minority population at increased risk for obesity and obesity-related complications. We previously modified our child obesity intervention to be a multi-family behavioral intervention, Adaptando Dieta y Acción Para Todos (ADAPT), to better meet the needs of our target population, rural Latino youth with obesity (8–12 years old) and their parents. Recognizing the role of parent stress on obesity, the main goal of this study is to 1) further refine and optimize the original ADAPT multi-family behavioral obesity intervention protocol to include mindfulness parent stress reduction strategies (now called ADAPT+) and then 2) assess the feasibility of ADAPT+ implementation via a small randomized control trial (RCT) with rural Latino families. Two aims guide the study. For Aim 1 we conduct a series of focus groups with stakeholders and parents, and then conduct a one-arm trial with both parents and their children to obtain feedback for further refining each of our eight integrated ADAPT+ sessions. Aim 2 tests the acceptability and feasibility of our intervention with multi-family groups of Latinos in two rural communities over time (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 3-month follow-up) in a randomized pilot trial (ADAPT+ vs. Enhanced Usual Care [EUC] comparison). This study is intended to set the groundwork for a larger clinical trial to test ADAPT+'s efficacy to improve rural Latino families' eating and physical activity behaviors.

Does Mothers\u2019 Self-Reported Mindful Parenting Relate to the Observed Quality of Parenting Behavior and Mother-Child Interaction?

ObjectivesGrowing academic interest in mindful parenting (MP) requires a reliable and valid measure for use in research and clinical setting. Because MP concerns the way parents relate to, and nurture, their children, it is important to evaluate the associations between self-reported MP and observed parenting and parent-child interaction measures.MethodsSeventy-three mothers who experience difficulties with their young children aged 0–48 months admitted for a Mindful with your baby/toddler training (63% in a mental health care and 27% in a preventative context) were included. Mothers completed the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale (IM-P) and video-observations of parent-child interactions were coded for maternal sensitivity, acceptance, mind-mindedness, and emotional communication (EC).ResultsThe IM-P total score was positively associated only with mothers’ gaze to the child (EC). IM-P subscale Listening with Full Attention negatively predicted non-attuned mind-mindedness, Compassion with the Child positively predicted maternal sensitivity and positive facial expression (EC), and Emotional Awareness of Self positively predicted mothers’ gaze to the child (EC) and dyadic synchrony of positive affect (EC).ConclusionsThe current study provides support for the hypothesis that the IM-P total score is predictive of maternal actual attention for the child during a face-to-face interaction. When the IM-P is administered with the aim to gain understanding of different aspects of parenting behavior and the parent-child interaction, it is important not only to employ the IM-P total score but also to incorporate the individual IM-P subscales, as meaningful associations between IM-P subscales and observed parenting and parent-child interactions were found.

The Longitudinal Influence of Caregiver Dispositional Mindful Attention on Mindful Parenting, Parenting Practices, and Youth Psychopathology.

Although much research examining youth psychopathology from an ecological family systems theoretical framework has highlighted negative or pathological parental characteristics, it is important to identify and explore beneficial parent characteristics, such as mindful attention and awareness, that may be related to youth mental health. Dispositional mindfulness has been related, in cross-sectional research, to higher levels of mindful parenting, which impacts positive and negative parenting and, in turn, offspring internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The current study expands this work by examining associations among caregiver dispositional mindful attention, mindful parenting, parenting behaviors, and youth psychopathology in a short-term longitudinal model and by testing potential moderators. A sample of 564 parents (60% mothers) of children between the ages of 3 and 17 reported on their dispositional mindful attention, mindful parenting, positive and negative parenting practices, and their youth's internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 4 time points over a 12-month period. The structural equation model indicated that higher levels of baseline caregiver dispositional mindful attention were related to higher levels of mindful parenting at 4 months. Higher levels of mindful parenting were associated with higher levels of positive parenting and lower levels of negative parenting practices at 8 months. Finally, lower levels of negative parenting practices were related to lower levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 12 months. Moderator analyses suggested that all prospective associations in the model were equivalent for mothers and fathers, boys and girls, and children and adolescents. Findings shed light on the importance of considering caregiver dispositional mindful attention as it relates to parenting behaviors and youth mental health.

Parenting Program in Growing Parents' Positive Parenting at PAUD Al-Ummah Deli Tua

Parenting is the basis for the child to shape his/her personality. One of the impacts of parenting will be seen when the child is in the school environment. Children's problems at school cannot be removed from parenting at home. The success of children in both academic and non-academic schools is also supported by the pattern of parenting that children receive in the family environment. Therefore, the education carried out in the school should synergize with the education carried out in the family. Parenting behavior towards the child often shows impatience, incapable of self-control, complaining when facing parenting difficulties and not listening to the child's problems attentively. This devotion aims to know the effectiveness of programs to positively improve parenting skills through Mindful parenting programs. Mindful parenting can be interpreted as parental awareness in paying attention, aiming and not labeling or negative assessment of each child's experience. Based on the above, it is necessary to do activities to address the problem through the devotion of parenting programs in fostering positive parenting behavior in Paud Al Ummah delitua.

Mindful Parenting dan Parental Mediation dalam Perspektif Islam dan Psikologi

Industrial era 4.0 provides accessibility to smartphone use on early childhood. The negative or positive impact depending on how parents introduce smartphones to children through parental mediation strategies. Parents’ character plays a role in shaping children’s behavior and discipline, especially parents with mindful parenting. This study aims to examine the relationship between mindful parenting and parental mediation from the psychological and Islamic perspective. We used a mixed method with sequential explanatory design. Mindfulness in Parenting Questionnaire (MIPQ) and Parental Mediation Questionnaire (PMQ) was used as measuring instrument with a total of 131 parents who have children aged 3-6 years participated in this study. The results show that mindful parenting correlates significantly to the active mediation strategy while its relationship was weak with restrictive mediation. In the Islamic perspective, when parents rely on all responsibilities and rights that must be given to children with the intention of worshiping Allah, parents will apply the rules to their children according to Islamic law.Industrial era 4.0 provides accessibility to smartphone use on early childhood. The negative or positive impact depending on how parents introduce smartphones to children through parental mediation strategies. Parents’ character plays a role in shaping children’s behavior and discipline, especially parents with mindful parenting. This study aims to examine the relationship between mindful parenting and parental mediation from the psychological and Islamic perspective. We used a mixed method with sequential explanatory design. Mindfulness in Parenting Questionnaire (MIPQ) and Parental Mediation Questionnaire (PMQ) was used as measuring instrument with a total of 131 parents who have children aged 3-6 years participated in this study. The results show that mindful parenting correlates significantly to the active mediation strategy while its relationship was weak with restrictive mediation. In the Islamic perspective, when parents rely on all responsibilities and rights that must be given to children with the intention of worshiping Allah, parents will apply the rules to their children according to Islamic law.

Illness-Related Parenting Stress and Maladjustment in Congenital Heart Disease: Mindfulness as a Moderator.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is characterized by structural defects to the heart or the coronary blood vessels and often requires surgical repair. Raising an infant or toddler with CHD can be challenging and lead to high parenting stress and maladjustment. The parenting literature suggests that mindfulness may buffer parenting stress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether mindfulness might moderate the relationship between illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment in parents of infants and toddlers with CHD. Parents of infants and toddlers with CHD attending an outpatient clinic provided background information and completed measures of illness-related parenting stress, mindfulness, and maladjustment. Results indicated that illness-related parenting stress was associated with maladjustment, and mindfulness moderated this relationship. Specifically, illness-related parenting stress was related to maladjustment at low and average levels of mindfulness; at high mindfulness, there was no association between illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment. Consistent with the broader literatures, our sample of parents of infants and toddlers with CHD reported high illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment. Building on other studies demonstrating the benefits of mindful parenting, our results suggest that engaging in mindfulness might thwart the association between illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment in parents of infants and toddlers with CHD.

The relationship between mindful parenting, cognitive parental awareness, and the subjective well-being of adolescents

The aim of this research is to explore the relationship between mindful parenting, cognitive parental awareness, and adolescents’ subjective well-being. The study included 101 families consisting of a mother, a father, and an adolescent child (N=303) aged 10 to 17, with a total of 69 female adolescents and 32 male adolescents. A general data questionnaire, mindful parenting questionnaire, and cognitive parental awareness questionnaire were administered to parents while adolescents completed a general data questionnaire, loneliness scale, life and family satisfaction scales, and general self-esteem scale. The results showed that male adolescents were more satisfied with life and had higher self-esteem than female adolescents. Measures of parenting were significantly related between mothers and fathers. The results also suggest that mindful parenting and cognitive parental awareness are significant correlates to the subjective well-being of adolescents when it comes to fathers, but not to mothers.

Effectiveness of a School-Based Mindfulness and Art Therapy Group Program

This program evaluation investigated the Mindfulness and Art Therapy Group Program’s (MATG-P) effectiveness for children’s mental health outcomes and interpersonal impacts. MATG-P provided eight weekly child therapy groups, two conjoint parent-child meetings, and ongoing meetings with teachers. Participants included 83 5- to 12-year-old children, 51 parents, and 22 teachers. Quantitative results from the pretest posttest nonequivalent control group design showed statistically significant decreases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms and significant increases in attention as rated by parents and teachers, as well as significant increases in peer relationship quality and mindful parenting as rated by parents. These results demonstrated the value of a child-centered, integrated art therapy and mindfulness curriculum in schools.

Mindful Parenting Behaviors and Emotional Self-Regulation in Children With ADHD and Controls.

Mindfulness is defined as paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally and these behaviors can be applied to parenting. Thus far, it is not understood whether mindful parenting (MP) differs in parents of children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and how MP relates to other parenting practices and children's self-regulation. This study examined the relationships between MP, parenting behaviors and children's self-regulation in 120 families with child ADHD (85% male; mean age = 11.93) and 105 control families (62% male; mean age = 11.98). Parents completed measures of MP (Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale), parenting behaviors (parenting warmth, consistency, and anger assessed with the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children measures), psychological distress (Kessler 6), and children's self-regulation (Social Skills Improvement System-self-control subscale). When compared with controls, parents of children with ADHD reported significantly lower MP. Higher MP was associated with lower levels of parent psychological distress, higher levels of parenting warmth and consistency, lower levels of parenting anger, and higher child emotion self-regulation in both groups. In mediation analyses, MP was indirectly associated with child emotion self-regulation through lower parenting anger, with the model accounting for 55% of the variance in child self-regulation. MP is a useful construct for understanding parent behaviors, and children's emotion self-regulation.

Differential Susceptibility to the Benefits of Mindful Parenting Depending on Child Dispositional Mindfulness

Mindful parenting has been proposed as a contributing factor for reducing psychological problems in children. However, mixed results regarding the association between mindful parenting and child psychological problems suggest that the benefits could be moderated by children’s characteristics. This study, based on differential susceptibility to parenting models, aims to examine whether child dispositional mindfulness profiles can moderate the impact of mindful parenting, so that children with a poorer dispositional mindfulness profile benefit more when their parents present a mindful parenting style. A total of 348 parents and their adolescent children participated in a two-wave longitudinal study with a 1-year interval. Parents answered measures of mindful parenting (mindful discipline and being in the moment with the child), and children answered measures of dispositional mindfulness, depressive symptoms, aggressive behavior, and peer victimization. The adolescents were classified according to their dispositional mindfulness profiles. Mindful discipline predicted reduced depressive symptoms, aggression, and victimization after 1 year, whereas, being with the child only predicted reduced depressive symptoms. The results showed an interaction effect, according to which adolescents with poor dispositional mindfulness (i.e., high scores in observing and low scores in nonjudging and acting with awareness) benefited more from mindful parenting. Adolescents with a poor dispositional mindfulness profile benefit the most from mindful parenting. Adolescents with an adequate mindfulness profile tend to show lower levels of aggression and depressive symptoms, regardless of whether their parents exhibit a mindful parenting style.

The role of mindful parenting in the relationship of parent and child mental health in Taiwan Chinese

ABSTRACT Parental stress increases child behaviour problems, and mindful parenting is suggested to be a potential moderator. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting (IM-P) scale in Taiwan Chinese and investigate the relationship of mindful parenting with parent and child mental health. Exploratory factor analysis and moderation analysis were examined in a sample (N = 201) of parents in Taiwan. A three-factor structure was found with adequate internal consistency. Significant correlations were found between mindful parenting, parental stress, child behaviour problems, and social support from family. Non-judgmental acceptance of the child as a sub-scale of mindful parenting was a significant moderator of the relationship between parental stress and child behaviour problems. Mindful parenting should be further promoted in social work practice and research so that more Chinese families can benefit.

THE ROLE OF MINDFUL PARENTING TO THE PARENTING STRESS IN MOTHERS WITH CHILDREN AT EARLY AGE

Parenting is an important process, and the processes in each phase are challenging, particularly during the phase of early childhood. The challenges in parenting could trigger parenting stress. The ability to give full attention to the conducted parenting process can help parents in coping the parental stress. The process of giving full attention to parenting activities is known as the mindful parenting concept. This study aims to determine the role of mindful parenting to parenting stress of mothers with a child at an early age. This study used a quantitative method. A Mindfulness in Parenting Questionnaire (28 items, α = .915) and Parental Stress Scale (18 items, α = .705) were given to the respondents. The data was collected from 281 respondents (ages 21-54 years, M = 32.75, SD = 5), which was selected through incidental sampling methods. Based on the regression analysis, the results show that mindful parenting has a significant contribution to the low parenting stress level in mothers with child at early age (R = -.260, R2 = .068, β = -0.119, F (1, 280) = 20.153, p < 0.01). This result suggests that mindful parenting skills can be an alternative way to reduce parental stress on mothers with a child in early childhood.

Is Mindful Parenting a Mechanism that Links Parents’ and Children’s Tendency to Experience Negative Affect to Overprotective and Supportive Behaviors?

The main goal of this study is to investigate the mediating role of mindful parenting dimensions in the relationship between parents’ and children’s tendency to experience negative affect (i.e., parents’ neuroticism and children’s negative reactivity) and parents’ overprotection and supportive behaviors. A sample of 399 parents (84.2% mothers) of children aged between 6 and 13 years completed self-report questionnaires assessing neuroticism, children’s negative reactivity, mindful parenting, parental overprotection, and support of children’s coping behaviors. A path model was tested through structural equation modeling. Parents’ and children’s tendency to experience negative affect were shown to be associated with lower levels of all mindful parenting dimensions. Parents’ neuroticism was shown to be directly associated with greater overprotection. In addition, parents’ neuroticism and children’s negative reactivity were both shown to be indirectly associated with lower levels of overprotection and supportive behaviors through lower levels of compassion towards the child and of emotional awareness of the child. In contrast, parents’ neuroticism and children’s negative reactivity were indirectly associated with a greater overprotection through lower levels of nonjudgmental acceptance of parental functioning. This study provides insight into how the temperamental tendency to experience stronger and more frequent negative emotions can contribute to parental overprotection and the parental support of children’s coping behaviors. Mindful parenting dimensions seem to shape the way neuroticism and children’s reactivity are associated with overprotection and supportive behaviors.

The Influence of Self-Compassion on Mindful Parenting: A Mediation Model of Gratitude

Mindful parenting, a concept that has been coined and examined recently, refers to a parent’s ability to bring complete attention to their children in the present moment. The aims of this study are to examine the relationship between self-compassion and mindful parenting and the role of gratitude as a mediating variable in a cross-sectional study. Participants include 522 Vietnamese mothers ( M age = 35.17; SD = 5.56) randomly selected through an online investigation. A 26-item Self-Compassion Scale was used to measure self-compassion, gratitude was measured by the Gratitude Questionnaire Six-Item Form, and mindful parenting was measured by the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale. The results support two main findings: (a) self-compassion has a direct influence on mindful parenting (effect = 2.48, p < .001, 95% CI [1.75, 3.22]), and (b) the mediating role of gratitude in this model was significant (effect = 0.37, 95% CI [0.10, 0.70]). The study’s results also show that increasing self-compassion and gratitude can help to improve mindful parenting.