Parental Priorities Research Articles

Parent priorities when navigating the decision to delay school entry

ABSTRACT With no consensus regarding an optimal school-entry age, parents must weigh-up numerous factors when given the option to delay a child’s primary school-entry (deferral) on the basis of their age. To explore this, 271 parents living in Scotland with a child born in January/February 2015/16 (50% girls; 65% deferred) were surveyed regarding the deferral decision. Boys were more likely to be deferred than girls, and girls from families in more affluent areas. Parents selecting non-deferral prioritised the social and cognitive stimulation of school, while parents selecting deferral felt that preschool would nurture their child’s socio-emotional skills. Finally, deferred boys were perceived as less socially competent than non-deferred boys. Our findings indicate that parents’ appraisal of their child’s socio-emotional maturity and beliefs regarding school-readiness guide an age-based deferral decision.

Implementation of “Kurikulum Merdeka” to Develop Children’s Fine Motor Skills in Raudathul Athfals (RA) Jambi City

Providing a good environment for children should be a priority for parents and their educators, because the environment can be a means of learning for children. This research aims to provide an overview of how structuring a play environment can provide a stimulus to help the fine motor skills of young children grow. Qualitative research using observation, interviews, documentation and field notes as data collection methods. It is set in three schools, namely RA Halimatusa'diah, RA Ahsan, and RA Iqra' Sabila located in Jambi province which was assisted by teaching staff there to obtain the data sought. This research found that the implementation of the play environment arrangement was considered successful in stimulating the fine motor development of young children in three Raudathul Athfals (RA).

Educational Value Priorities of Chinese Parents in a Global City: A Mixed-Methods Study in Hong Kong

This study examines the value priorities of Chinese parents regarding their children’s education in globally competitive context. Although Chinese parents are often viewed as being excessively controlling of their children and preoccupied with their academic performance, research indicates that contemporary Chinese families hold diverse beliefs and values influenced by globalization and socio-cultural transformations. Via a mixed-method study primarily using responses to surveys ( n = 867) and semi-structured interviews ( n = 18) among Chinese parents in Hong Kong schools, the study sheds light on multiple and competing educational priorities among Chinese parents of a new generation. Findings reveal the complex landscape of value orientations as the parents navigated the challenges of supporting their children’s schooling. Parents’ concerns about whole-child development appeared to sometimes conflict with the school system’s academic focus. Implications concerning the difficulties of aligning family-school values for collaboration and intensifying educational competition are discussed.

Applying the multiphase optimization strategy to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an online road safety education intervention for children and parents: a pilot study

BackgroundReports of children’s engagement in active transportation outline low participation rates in many countries despite many associated mental, physical, and social health benefits. One of the main contributors to this phenomenon is a cited lack of education and knowledge among children regarding active travel (AT), specifically road safety. To address this issue, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an online road safety education intervention to promote AT among children and their parents.MethodsApplying the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) for intervention development, implementation, and evaluation, we designed and assessed a four-module online road safety education intervention with a sample of 57 parent-child dyads using a 23 factorial design featuring both qualitative and quantitative analyses.ResultsMain intervention feasibility findings include positive and critical feedback on the program’s content and design, and moderate participant engagement as reflected by program retention and completion rates. With respect to the preliminary intervention effectiveness on children, a significant improvement in road safety knowledge scores was observed for groups that feature the “wheeling safety and skills” module. Slight improvements in AT knowledge scores across all the intervention groups were observed, but were not of significance. Preliminary intervention effectiveness on select parental AT practices and perceptions saw significant improvements in some groups. Groups that featured the ‘wheeling safety and skills’ module exhibited significantly higher guided choice scores upon completion of the program than those who did not receive this component.ConclusionThe MOST framework allowed us to design and evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an online road safety education intervention. The developed intervention has demonstrated that it has the potential to improve children’s road safety knowledge and some areas of parental AT practices and perceptions, to which improvements may be attributed to the inclusion of the “wheeling safety and skills” module, suggesting that the targeted focus on cycling skills is a prioritized area. AT programming and practice implications are discussed. Future research is encouraged to refine modules to better reflect the priorities of children and parents and to test these refined components among larger samples.Word count9,391 (excludes abstract, tables, figures, abbreviations, and references).

The Craniofacial Collaboration UK: Developmental Outcomes in 7- and 10-Year-Old Children With Sagittal Synostosis

The Craniofacial Collaboration UK (CC-UK) protocol is a shared agreement across the 4 UK Highly Specialist Craniofacial Centres (HSCCs) to conduct robust neurodevelopmental and psychosocial clinical screening for children with craniosynostosis. This agreement allows for the analysis of outcomes of a homogenous sample of children with single suture craniosynostosis (SSC), a frequent limitation of the existing research. The current study is the latest analysis of CC-UK data on behavioral, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes. The focus of this analysis is 7- and 10-year-olds with nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis (SS) who have undergone primary corrective surgery and completed routine clinical screening at 1 of the 4 HSCCs since the introduction of the CC-UK protocol. Due to changes in clinical pathways, only data from 3 HSCCs is included to preserve homogeneity. Results show that the majority of children with SS fall within the average range across behavioral and neurodevelopmental domains. A notable exception was a task involving perceptual reasoning and visuomotor skills (Block Design). Although this difference was small and the mean score remained within the average range, it suggests some increased risk of subtle difficulty with such skills for children with SS. Across other measures, there was no consistent evidence of any significantly increased risk of poorer outcomes, in line with findings of previous CC-UK papers. Understanding the psychological phenotype of SS is a key research priority for parents and clinicians, and the current study is another step toward achieving this goal.

A national survey of sedation practice and clinicians’ attitudes regarding sedation-related research in the UK paediatric intensive care units

AimsResearch involving analgo-sedation is a priority for parents and professionals in paediatric intensive care, and current guidelines are based on low-quality evidence. Future research will require an understanding of current practice and research priorities of healthcare professionals. This survey aimed to identify perceived barriers to research, describe the current UK analgo-sedation practice and assess outcome priorities for future research.MethodsA 26-question web-based survey was emailed to all Paediatric Critical Care Society members (n=1000) in April/May 2021. Responses were analysed either by ‘unit’ or at the individual respondent level. Questions related to four patient categories: ‘infant (< 3 months of age) ‘paediatric’ > 3 months of age, ‘cardiac’ and ‘non-cardiac’.ResultsTwo hundred sixteen healthcare professionals responded and responses were available from 100% of the UK paediatric intensive care units (n=29) for all questions. Most units (96%, 28/29) routinely use scoring systems for sedation adequacy but few routinely screen for delirium (24%, 7/29). The most highly prioritised outcome measure was the duration of mechanical ventilation. Respondents were most likely to agree to randomise paediatric general intensive care patients to trials comparing two different alpha agonists and least likely to randomise neonatal cardiac patients to trials comparing benzodiazepines with alpha agonists. The most common perceived barrier to research was unit familiarity with a particular regimen, followed by the perception that parents would not provide consent.ConclusionsThis study provides a snapshot of the UK analgo-sedation practice and highlights the importance of public involvement in planning future trials, as well as consultation work across the spectrum of stakeholder clinicians to maximise the acceptability of study design.

ENHANCING CHILD SAFETY: PARENTAL AWARENESS AND PRACTICES IN ACCIDENT PREVENTION

Child safety is a top priority for parents, as they play a crucial role in protecting their children from potential accidents and hazards. Creating a safe environment at home is essential to ensure the well-being and security of children. Parents should be aware of the risks and take necessary precautions to prevent accidents.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Autism Family Experience Questionnaire to an Indian context

Purpose The Autism Family Experience Questionnaire (AFEQ) is a 48-item questionnaire that assesses parental priorities for outcomes of early intervention of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study aims to adapt and validate the AFEQ to the Indian context as an attempt to provide a measure of family life and parent-reported outcomes before and after intervention. Methods Seventy-five parents of children with ASD were recruited for the study. The adapted version of AFEQ was given to five experienced professionals for content validation to assess cultural suitability in the Indian context. The test–retest reliability was assessed by re-administering the questionnaire to 40 parents within 15 to 30 days of initial administration. Results The Cronbach’s alpha value for the overall AFEQ score was 0.64, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Cohen’s kappa agreement was found to be 0.62, indicating good agreement between the five professionals. The adapted AFEQ scale showed good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.72). Conclusion Results of our study indicated that AFEQ has good internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and content validity. The adapted AFEQ is a reliable and valid assessment tool that can be used to assess the parental experiences of families with ASD in the Indian context.

Treatment Priorities of Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review

Treatment Priorities of Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review

Evaluation of Parental Perspectives and Concerns about Pediatric Cochlear Implantation: A Social Media Analysis.

Parents often experience uncertainty during decision-making for their child's cochlear implantation (CI) surgery, and online forums provide insight on parental opinions that might not be expressed in clinic. This study aims to evaluate parental perspectives and concerns about pediatric CI using social media analysis. Qualitative study. Three online forums involving parental posts about pediatric CI. Forums were queried using keywords (e.g., "cochlear implant") to gather all U.S. parent-initiated posts about pediatric CI from 2006 to 2021. Thematic content analysis was performed to classify posts by overarching domain, themes, and subthemes. Posts were reviewed for thematic synthesis and double coded. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each theme by unique users. A total of 79 posts by 41 unique users were analyzed. Themes relating to decision for CI included facilitators, inhibitors, resources, and feelings. Parents posted about lack of benefit from hearing aids promoting decision for CI and high cost as an inhibitor. Some expressed concern about making a major decision for a minor. Parents often mentioned their child's healthcare providers and social media as resources. Through social media posts, parental priorities and concerns for decision-making of CI surgery were identified. Findings may guide discussions between physicians and parents and facilitate shared decision-making about CI.

Health literacy on quality of life for children with cancer: modules on pediatric palliative care.

To describe the development of educational materials for parents and other caregivers of children with cancer, which utilized a culturally sensitive approach to reduce acceptance barriers to palliative care (PC). The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and partners in Latin America and the Caribbean collaborated in a three-phase project, beginning with a needs assessment survey of caregivers of children with cancer in Peru. Based on this finding, an interdisciplinary team of pediatric PC experts developed educational content that was designed and validated by an international committee of PC and communication experts. The collaboration resulted in the development of an eight-module series that introduces caregivers to key concepts of pediatric PC, including management of pain, quality of life, and end of life care. The series was designed to reduce caregiver stigma associated with PC through culturally sensitive education that addresses the low levels of health literacy among caregivers in Latin America and the Caribbean. In the 15 months since the launch, these modules have been distributed throughout Latin America and were downloaded 2 825 times. Educational materials and anticipatory guidance of PC were considered to be a priority for parents and other caregivers of children with cancer throughout Latin America. The materials developed through this project have been widely utilized and are available through the PAHO website and the Together by St. Jude™ online resource.

Care Needs of Parents of Children With Cancer in a Low-Middle-Income Country.

Background: Mapping out actual supportive care needs assists nurses in providing holistic individualized care. This study aimed to explore the care needs of parents of children with cancer in the Philippines. Method: Guided by the Supportive Care Needs Framework (SCNF), this study used an embedded mixed-method design with the quantitative revised Cancer Patient Needs Questionnaire and qualitative semistructured interviews to describe parents' care needs and priorities. Results: Filipino parents (N = 156) of children with cancer have various care needs which could be classified along the SCNF categories-practical, informational, spiritual, physical, emotional, and physical needs as ranked from highest to lowest. A number of variables were significantly associated with care needs. Solid tumor diagnosis was associated with greater practical, emotional, and psychosocial care needs; having a child who had undergone surgery was associated with more practical and spiritual care needs; and being within one year of the child's diagnosis was associated with practical, psychosocial, and spiritual care needs. Parent priority needs included (a) addressing financial needs; (b) access to temporary housing to minimize treatment-related costs; (c) support groups among parents of children with cancer as a source of information; (d) financial and social support between members of family and partners of parents of children with cancer; and (e) using prayer to facilitate acceptance. Conclusions: Supportive care needs of parents of children with cancer are important components of care that should be given recognition to enhance holistic individualized care throughout the childhood cancer experience.

"Care About us First": Israeli Youths' Perspectives on Child Neglect.

Child neglect is considered the most common form of child maltreatment with severe implications for children's development. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of scholarly literature examining child neglect, possibly stemming from a lack of consistent definition. The current qualitative study addresses this gap by aiming to understand the phenomena of child neglect from the direct perspective of youth from the general population, a perspective that has so far barely been considered. Data were collected by 10 focus groups conducted among multicultural youth aged 12 to 15 years in the north of Israel. The qualitative-thematic analysis generated three main themes, each including several subthemes: (a) experience of neglectful behavior (lack of parental care, lack of parental priority, dynamics of blaming the child, rejection, and relinquishment of the child); (b) instrumental characteristics of neglect (lack of material and financial investment in the child, expressions of neglect in providing food and nutrition, poor appearance and hygiene of the child and home); (c) lack of parental involvement (lack of parental guidance, lack of communication and availability, lack of presence in the child's life). The perspectives of the Israeli youth resembled existing conceptualizations of child neglect. The youth also added a new dimension to the conceptualizations in their focus on the emotional context involved in the range of neglectful behaviors they described. This new conceptualization of child neglect is discussed together with some suggestions for how it can inform better professional practice.

Minor‐focused sextortion by adult strangers: A crime script analysis of newspaper and court cases

AbstractSummarySextortion is a form of image‐based sexual abuse in which an offender threatens to distribute sexually explicit images, videos, or information to gain victim compliance. In some sextortion incidents involving minor children, offenders are adult strangers who coerce victims into self‐producing child sexually abusive materials (CSAM). Despite the growing concern regarding minor victims of sextortion, there is a lack of empirical investigation of adult offenders who exclusively target minor children for the production of CSAM and the steps and decisions these offenders take to commit sextortion. Utilizing a sample of 130 minor‐focused sextortion cases gathered from news media and court documents, the current study employed crime script analysis and inductive qualitative methodology to investigate how adult offenders commit sextortion. The results indicated that adult offenders specifically targeting minor children move through several crime scripts: preparation, entry, instrumental actions, crime commission, and exit.Policy ImplicationsMinor‐focused sextortion perpetrated by adult offenders is executed in stages, each with accompanying preventive solutions. Investing in education that teaches youth to recognize grooming, develops safety practices online, and removes barriers to reporting should be a priority for schools and parents. Increased adoption of technology and policies that would allow social media platforms to detect CSAM, remove fraudulent accounts, and streamline reporting would also disrupt these crimes.

Tinjauan Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pencabulan pada Anak di Bawah Umur Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak

Various issues regarding criminal acts are increasingly increasing the number of cases and also the victims of criminal acts. Criminal acts that occur are caused by several factors, from the pressure of economic needs to conditions that endanger or injure victims both psychologically is sexual abuse, especially of children. Children should be a priority for parents, society and government because children who are still minors are still uder the protection of parents and the law in Indonesia, especially the Law on Child Protection which is clear in which children have their own rights, one of which is not to receive indecent treatnent such as criminal acts of decency. Sexual abuse itself has a definition as a form of action or action in expressing syahwatnya to others by force. The act of sexual abuse that is in the public spotlight today is the perpetrators who launch their actions on children. The occurrence of this act of sexual abuse is due to internal factors and also external factors. However, the acts of sexual abuse must still be processed by the law because it is included in criminal law and there must be sanstions and provisions for the verdict of the criminal case of this sexual abuse.

Family assets and their influence over children’s academic achievement: an empirical study based on China’s micro-data

ABSTRACT Children's academic accomplishment is a priority for parents as they want to provide an excellent educational foundation for their future growth personally as well as professionally. This makes it imperative to investigate the impact of economic factors on children's academic achievement in the Chinese setting. This study utilises China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data on children aged below 15 years to highlight the impact of several factors on students’ academic achievements in several areas including types of financial holdings, number of family members and siblings, years of schooling, academic discipline, and family income & assets. Three primary insights emerged from our investigation (1) family income and family assets both positively impact children's academic achievement, and family assets mitigate the effect of family income on children's academic achievement; (2) such family assets owned by children as educational savings devoted to children's development have more significant positive impacts on children's academic achievement; and (3) the impact of family assets on children's academic achievement exhibits a threshold effect, implying family assets have a threshold effect. These findings urge initiatives in China to increase children's educational equality for all income levels.

Parent Priorities in End-of-Life Care for Children With Cancer

Robust quality measures to benchmark end-of-life care for children with cancer do not currently exist; 28 candidate patient-centered quality measures were previously developed. To prioritize quality measures among parents who lost a child to cancer. This survey study was conducted using an electronic, cross-sectional discrete choice experiment (DCE) with maximum difference scaling from January to June 2021 in the US. In each of 21 questions in the DCE, participants were presented with a set of 4 quality measures and were asked to select the most and least important measures within each set. All 28 quality measures were presented an equal number of times in different permutations. In the volunteer sample, 69 eligible bereaved parents enrolled in the study; 61 parents completed the DCE (participation rate, 88.4%). Using choices participants made, a hierarchical bayesian multinomial logistic regression was fit to derive mean importance scores with 95% credible intervals (95% Crs) for each quality measure, representing the overall probability of a quality measure being selected as most important. Importance scores were rescaled proportionally from 0 to 100, with the sum of scores for all quality measures adding up to 100. This enabled interpretation of scores as the relative importance of quality measures. Participants included 61 bereaved parents (median [range] age, 48 [24-74] years; 55 individuals self-identified as women [90.2%]; 1 American Indian or Alaska Native [1.6%], 1 Asian [1.6%], 2 Black or African American [3.3%], 1 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 58 White [91.8%]; 58 not Hispanic or Latinx [95.1%]). Highest-priority quality measures by mean importance score included having a child's symptoms treated well (9.25 [95% Cr, 9.06-9.45]), feeling that a child's needs were heard by the health care team (8.39 [95% Cr, 8.05-8.73]), and having a goal-concordant end-of-life experience (7.45 [95% Cr, 6.84-8.05]). Lowest-priority quality measures included avoiding chemotherapy (0.33 [95% Cr, 0.21-0.45]), provision of psychosocial support for parents (1.01 [95% Cr, 0.57-1.45]), and avoiding the intensive care unit (1.09 [95% Cr, 0.74-1.43]). Rank-ordering measures by mean importance revealed that symptom management was 9 times more important to parents than psychosocial support for themselves. This study found that bereaved parents prioritized end-of-life quality measures focused on symptom management and goal-concordant care while characterizing quality measures assessing their own psychosocial support and their child's hospital resource use as substantially less important. These findings suggest that future research should explore innovative strategies to measure care attributes that matter most to families of children with advanced cancer.

“It’s like a guessing game all the time”: parent insights on barriers, supports, and priorities for children with cortical visual impairment and complex communication needs

Parents of children with both cortical visual impairment (CVI) and complex communication needs offer unique perspectives on their children’s journeys to receiving proper diagnoses, supports, and interventions, such as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This study explored the lived experiences, supports, and barriers identified by parents through a qualitative phenomenological approach. Nine parents of children with both CVI and complex communication needs were interviewed virtually. Results indicated five themes descriptive of the parents’ experiences: Challenges Piecing Together a CVI Diagnosis; Dealing with Low Expectations of Others; Parents Empowered to Take Action; Guessing Game to Determine Appropriate AAC to Accommodate CVI; and Aligning Professional Practice with Parent Priorities. Whereas some of these themes echoed the experiences of parents of children with complex communication needs (such as those with cerebral palsy) who were not specifically diagnosed with CVI, other themes were unique to this set of parents including the uncertainty of AAC design and intervention given the challenges of CVI and the necessity of more than one way for children to communicate given their visual challenges. This study highlighted the dire need for continued investigation to determine effective AAC interventions for individuals with CVI.

Comparison of Priority Occupational Performance of Children with Cerebral Palsy from the Perspective of Children, Parents, and Occupational Therapists in Isfahan in 2021

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive complication of the developing brain that leads to movement problems and occupational performance limitations in the activities of daily living of children with CP. Therefore, getting a sense conception of the children, parents, and occupational therapists’ occupational performance priority to providing client-centered services in performing the activities of daily living of children with CP is extremely important. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the priorities of occupational performance from the perspective of children with CP, parents, and occupational therapists and compare their priorities with each other. Methods: This descriptive-analytical comparative study was conducted in Isfahan in 2021. The research population included 115 CP children aged 6 - 12 years, their parents, and occupational therapists in the occupational therapy department of rehabilitation clinics, rehabilitation centers, and occupational therapy department of hospitals in Isfahan city. Occupational performance priorities of children with CP, their parents, and occupational therapists were assessed through the valid and reliable Canadian occupational performance measurement (COPM). Results: In this research, 115 children with CP, their parents, and occupational therapists participated. Comparison of occupational performance priorities of children with CP from the perspective of children, parents, and occupational therapists showed that the most important occupational performance priority of children with CP from the perspective of these three groups is the same and related to self-care activities and includes activities, such as walking, going up and down the stairs, toileting, and going to the bathroom (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Children with CP, their parents, and occupational therapists reported occupational performance priorities in similar performance dimensions in the age groups of 6 to 12 years for children with CP, which are mainly focused on self-care activities. The attention of occupational therapists to the priorities of children and parents can increase their participation in the rehabilitation process of these children.

Dialogical interaction between family and school: The content aspect

Introduction. The development of modern education is connected with the convergence of social institutions of family and school, involvement of parents in the educational process, and realization of the role and importance of education by parents. The harmonisation of family and school relations is possible if the development of educational relations is based on the principle of dialogue aimed at bringing together the interests of the subjects of education, elaboration of a unified educational strategy and identification of the common values and goals of education. In this regard, it is necessary to discuss a number of issues and problems that require promotion of dialogue between teachers and parents.Aim. The aim of this research is to determine the content of dialogical interaction between teachers and parents in the modern socio-cultural environment of the educational process and the directions of updating the psychological and pedagogical knowledge of parents.Methodology and research methods. To determine the content of the interaction between teachers and parents, the authors used theoretical provisions of philosophical anthropology about the essence of dialogue: the intention of dialogue, the «encounter» views in the process of dialogue and the openness of dialogue. An existential approach was applied to determine the value-semantic foundations of the co-existence of family and school.Results. This study has revealed educational needs of parents that consist in the promotion of dialogue with teachers on the problems of education and upbringing, relations between students in class and between students and teachers. It has also identified the problems of creation of conditions that improve moral and psychological well-being of a child at school, as well as the issues of a child’s development and promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Parents view interaction with teachers as coordination of pedagogical attitudes, values and goals of education. The survey reveals the priorities of parents connected with the necessity of perception and comprehension of values and meanings of their own upbringing methods, and the need for enrichment of their psychological and pedagogical background with axiological and practice-focused components.Scientific novelty. The interaction of family and school is analysed in the context of dialogue between parents and teachers, who are subjects of educational relations. The educational choice of parents is connected with the assessment of the meaning of their own upbringing methods via the dialogue with teachers. The authors found that dialogue is a way of subjects’ interaction, which is characterized by mutuality due to their co-existence, incompleteness and openness and preservation of the dialogical nature in the process of interaction. Dialogical interaction between teachers and parents contributes to the development of the common existential educational values – love, freedom and responsibility, and collegiality.Practical significance. The results of the present study can be used by teachers to build a dialogical interaction between family and school. The content of the interaction between the family and the school will allow teachers to plan the topics of consultations, parent conferences, meetings and other forms of interaction.