Paraffin Leakage Research Articles

The cores regulation of paraffin-chitosan phase change microcapsules for constant temperature building

Phase change materials (PCMs) can store and release latent heat under the designed phased change temperature and have received substantial interest for energy conservation and thermal control purposes. The use of PCMs in the construction of constant temperature buildings can improve the comfortable environment and save more energy. However, the leakage of PCMs during phase change process limits the application of PCMs. In this paper, a series of PCMs microcapsules with controllable core numbers is synthesized with paraffin (37 ℃) as the core and cross-linked chitosan as the wall. The single-core phase-change microcapsules (S−PCM) and multicore phase-change microcapsules (M−PCM) were prepared by adjusting the preparation condition. The latent heat of S−PCM and M−PCM are 61.4 mJ mg−1 and 50.1 mJ mg−1, respectively. The S-PCM and M−PCM display good stability without paraffin leakage. In addition, the composite blocks of gypsum and S−PCM (GSCM) and M−PCM (GMCM) were prepared and the thermoregulatory effection was investigated, where the surface temperature of GSCM was 5–10 ℃ lower than that of pure gypsum block. PCMs may also have broad application space in electronics, cold chain, and other industries.

Preparing gypsum-based self-levelling energy storage mortar via fly ash cenospheres/paraffin used for floor radiant heating

In the underlayment of a floor radiant heating system (FRHS), using gypsum-based self-levelling mortar (GSM) with high fluidity and early strength properties could save labor force and material costs. Combining phase change materials (PCMs) with FRHS is a promising way to improve energy efficiency and provide a comfortable thermal environment. This paper investigates the feasibility of preparing gypsum-based self-levelling energy storage mortar (GSEM) by incorporating fly ash cenospheres/paraffin (FACP) into GSM. The selection of fly ash cenospheres (FAC) particle size, the pre-treatment of FACP, the additional amount of FACP, and the thermal performance of FRHS containing GSEM are investigated. Results show that the selection of FAC should consider the influence of strength, fluidity, thermal property, and possible economic and environmental impacts. FAC 2 with a particle size (D50) of 110.5 µm is considered to be a suitable choice. FACP pre-treated with 52.5 cement could decrease paraffin leakage and increase the mechanical strength and fluidity of GSEM. With the sand replacement ratio (Vf) increase, the mechanical strength of GSEM first increases and then decreases. When the Vf is 100%, the compressive strength and flexural strength of GSEM are 18.8 MPa and 4.3Mpa; the thermal conductivity decreases by about 15.8% and the specific heat capacity increases by about 53.5%. For FRHS, the matching between the supply water temperature and the plate thickness should be considered in the design. Compared with the GSM plate, the GSEM plate could reduce about 2.4℃ temperature fluctuation, and the time at a comfortable temperature is extended by 60.8%. This finding indicates that the prepared GSEM could be applied to FRHS and has good potential to provide a comfortable thermal environment for buildings.

Preparation of phase-change microcapsules with illite as a filler and their applications in foaming materials

Abstract To solve the problem of the leakage of phase-change materials and expand the application of clay minerals in the field of phase-change materials, illite and paraffin wax were used for the first time as a new binary hybrid core material with silica as the wall material. Phase-change microcapsules were prepared using the sol–gel method and successfully applied in silicone rubber foams. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the microcapsules had a melting temperature of 62.99°C and a latent heat capacity of 98.24 J g–1, indicating their good heat-storage capacity. Furthermore, the effectiveness of using illite as a filler for preventing paraffin leakage was demonstrated through 200 thermal cycling tests, which demonstrated a leakage rate of only 2.6% compared to 3.2% exhibited by microcapsules without illite.

Encapsulation and thermal properties of composite phase change materials based on cobalt/nitrogen double-doped ZIF-67 derived carbon.

To solve the problems of easy leakage and weak thermal conductivity of single-phase change material, in this experiment, cobalt/nitrogen-doped ZIF-67 derived carbon (CoN-ZIF-Cx) was constructed as the carrier material, and paraffin was used as the phase change core material to construct thermally enhanced shaped composite phase change materials (P0.6@CoN-ZIF-Cx). The composite PCMs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, isothermal nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and their performance was evaluated using transient planar heat source techniques, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal cycling tests. The results indicated that the impurities of the acid-washed porous carbon material were reduced and the loading of the paraffin was 60%, and the prepared P0.6@CoN-ZIF-Cx had an excellent thermal performance. Among them, P0.6@CoN-ZIF-C3 has the melting and crystallization enthalpy of 71.03 J g-1 and 68.81 J g-1. The thermal conductivity is 0.4127 W m-1 K-1, a 46.19% thermal conductivity improvement compared with pure paraffin. It still has favourable thermal storage capacity after 50 cycles without paraffin leakage during the phase transition.

3D hierarchical porous expanded perlite-based composite phase-change material with superior latent heat storage capability for thermal management

The use of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) technology is regarded as an effective strategy for smart heat management and building energy conservation. However, phase-change materials (PCMs), which are key components in LHTES systems, suffer from serious leakage in the solid-liquid phase-change process. In this work, 3D hierarchical porous expanded perlite (EPP)-based composite form-stable phase-change materials (FSPCMs) were successfully designed and constructed. The introduction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was applied to regulate the porous framework of expanded perlite (EP) and endow the EPP with a superior ability to adsorb paraffin and inhibit its leakage. The final EPP-based composite FSPCM was obtained by impregnating paraffin into the EPP. This novel composite FSPCM exhibits excellent thermal properties and long-term cycling stability. The phase-change enthalpy of the composite FSPCM reaches up to 174.6 ± 2.20 J/g and remains at a high level even after 500 heating-cooling cycles. The mechanism by which EPP effectively inhibited paraffin leakage is attributed to the capillary action and surface tension of the hierarchical porous structure, and the electrostatic attraction between PVA and paraffin molecules. Most importantly, a novel panel fabricated by the optimal EPP-based composite FSPCM presents excellent thermal management performance and flame-retardant ability. The panel developed in this work shows great potential for building energy conservation.

Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Novel EPDM Foams Containing a Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage Applications.

In this paper Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber (EPDM) foams were filled with different amounts of paraffin, a common phase change material (PCM) having a melting temperature at about 70 °C, to develop novel rubber foams with thermal energy storage (TES) capabilities. Samples were prepared by melt compounding and hot pressing, and the effects of three foaming methods were investigated. In particular, two series of samples were produced through conventional foaming techniques, involving physical (Micropearl® F82, MP, Lehvoss Italia s.r.l. Saronno, Italia) and chemical (Hostatron® P0168, H, Clariant GmbH, Ahrensburg, Germany) blowing agents, while the salt leaching method was adopted to produce another series of foams. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density measurements showed that MP led to the formation of a closed-cell porosity, while a mixed closed-cell/open-cell morphology was detected for the H foamed samples. On the other hand, foams produced through salt leaching were mainly characterized by an open-cell porosity. The qualitative analysis of paraffin leakage revealed that at 90 °C only the foams produced through salt leaching suffered from significant PCM leakage. Consequently, the thermo-mechanical properties were investigated only in samples produced with H and MP. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that EPDM/paraffin foams were endowed by good TES properties, especially at higher PCM contents (up to 145 J/g with a paraffin amount of 60 wt%). Tensile and compressive tests demonstrated the addition of the PCM increased the stiffness at 25 °C, while the opposite effect was observed above the melting temperature of paraffin. These results suggest that the EPDM foams produced with H and MP show an interesting potential for thermal management of electronic devices.

Preparation and Performance Analysis of Form-Stable Composite Phase Change Materials with Different EG Particle Sizes and Mass Fractions for Thermal Energy Storage.

The low thermal conductivity and leakage of paraffin (PA) limit its wide application in thermal energy storage. In this study, a series of form-stable composite phase change materials (CPCMs) composed of PA, olefin block copolymer (OBC), and expanded graphite (EG) with different particle sizes (50 mesh, 100 mesh, and 200 mesh) and mass fractions are prepared by melt blending. OBC as a support material could reduce PA leakage during melting, and EG as a thermally conductive filler can improve the thermal performance of PCMs. The microstructure characteristics and chemical and thermal properties of prepared CPCMs are tested and analyzed. The results show that PA/OBC and EG have good compatibility, and there is no chemical reaction with each other to generate new substances. Thermal conductivity can be significantly improved by adding EG, and it is greatly enhanced with the increase in EG particle size at the same EG mass fraction. Simultaneously, the addition of EG increased the melting temperature of CPCMs and decreased the solidification temperature as well; meanwhile, the values of melting temperature and solidification are also reversed for CPCMs compared to PA/OBC. There is an optimal content of EG to balance the thermal conductivity and heat storage capacity for CPCMs. The addition of OBC can provide a stable geometric construction, and the leakage will be further improved with the increase in EG content. Finally, the melting time of CPCMs containing EG-50, EG-100, and EG-200 with 4 wt % EG is shortened by 52.9, 41.1, and 37.5%, respectively, compared with PCMs without EG in the heat storage and release experiments. Also, the CPCMs with EG-50 have better thermal performance compared with the CPCMs of EG-100 and EG-200.

Production and characterization of novel EPDM/NBR panels with paraffin for potential thermal energy storage applications

Innovative panels suitable for the thermal management of closed systems with potential applications for buildings have been produced combining an Ethylene-Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber with a paraffin wax having a melting temperature of 28 °C. The compounded material was confined in a Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) envelope that impeded any paraffin leakage. According to differential scanning calorimetry, the effective thermal energy efficiency of the PCM (PCMeff) in the panel, was 37 wt% with a melting enthalpy of about 100 J/g. The homogeneous distribution of paraffin within the elastomeric matrix was verified both through scanning electron microscopy and through temperature monitoring of the panel’s surface during heating/cooling cycles, performed by an infrared camera. It was also observed that the thermal conductivity of the panels was the same above or below the melting point of paraffin with values of about 0.15 W/m·K. Shore A hardness tests revealed the dependence on the temperature due to the presence of paraffin that acted as softener above its melting point and as hardener below. The evaluation of the thermal energy storage performance of the panels was verified by monitoring the internal temperature of testing boxes (310x310x310 mm3) insulated with these elastomeric panels during heating/cooling cycles performed in a temperature interval from 16 to 31 °C (typical summer conditions in Trento, Italy). The presence of paraffin within the elastomeric panels allowed to keep the internal temperature of the box always lower than 27 °C, with a delay of the peak temperature of about 1 h with respect to a reference non-insulated box. The results of testing boxes have been confirmed after 15 months, showing the reproducibility and the stability of the assembled lab configuration.

Fabrication and Thermal Performance of 3D Copper-Mesh-Sintered Foam/Paraffin Phase Change Materials for Solar Thermal Energy Storage

Due to its large latent heat and high energy storage capacity, paraffin as one of the phase change materials (PCMs) has been widely applied in many energy-related applications in recent years. The current applications of paraffin, however, are limited by the low thermal conductivity and the leakage problem. To address these issues, we designed and fabricated form-stable composite PCMs by impregnating organic paraffin within graphite-coated copper foams. The graphite-coated copper foam was prepared by sintering multilayer copper meshes, and graphite nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of the porous copper foam. Graphite nanoparticles could directly absorb and convert solar energy into thermal energy, and the converted thermal energy was stored in the paraffin PCMs through phase change heat transfer. The graphite-coated copper foam not only effectively enhanced the thermal conductivity of paraffin PCMs, but also its porous structure and superhydrophobic surface prevented the paraffin leakage during the charging process. The experimental results showed that the composite PCMs had a thermal conductivity of 2.97 W/(m·K), and no leakage occurred during the charging and discharging process. Finally, we demonstrated the composite PCMs can be readily integrated with solar thermoelectric systems to serve as the energy sources for generating electricity by using abundant clean solar-thermal energy.

Thermal storage achievement of paraffin wax phase change material systems with regard to novolac aerogel/carbon monofilament/zinc borate form stabilization

Recently, the development of thermal conductive phase change composites (PCCs) to overcome the limitation of low thermal conductivity and easy leakage of organic phase change materials (PCMs) has led to the wide application of these materials. In this study, a novolac aerogel-based composite was employed as porous support for the encapsulation of paraffin to fabricate a new class of high-performance PCCs. Carbon monofilaments and zinc borate were incorporated into the aerogel as the heat conduction network. Furthermore, zinc borate can act as a flame retardant and nucleation agent. The nanocomposite aerogels were synthesized using the sol-gel technique and then the molten paraffin was impregnated into systems. The structure and thermal properties of the nanocomposite aerogels and PCCs were characterized. Fortunately, no shrinkage was observed during aerogel synthesis. SEM images showed the formation of novolac colloids on the surface of carbon fiber. The presence of conductive fillers results in an enhancement of the thermal conductivity of novolac aerogel. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of fabricated aerogels was predicted using a modified series-parallel model for porous composite structures. Furthermore, more porosity and larger pore size of aerogels by incorporation of filler have led to a significant increase in paraffin absorption capacity. So that the highest impregnation was reached to 364.5 wt% that belongs to AC15Z15 sample. The form-stable PCMs had negligible paraffin leakage upon phase change process (less than 1.4 wt%). In addition, the leakage of PCMs composite was less than 2.59 wt% after heating for 10 h showed outstanding cycle stability of synthesized PCCs. The phase transition temperature and phase change enthalpy of PCCs were in the range of 85–96 °C and 33.94–41.85 J/g, respectively. Moreover, the latent heat of PCCs is in the range of pure paraffin, achieving high energy storage capacity. This type of PCMs system in nanostructure can be used in electrical industry for free cooling of electrical coils in this temperature range.

Polynorbornene-based bottlebrush polymers confining phase change materials for ultra-stable latent heat storage derived from solar irradiation

Converting abundant solar energy into latent heat stored by organic phase change materials (PCMs) can effectively overcome the intermittency and instability of solar irradiation and improve energy utilization efficiency. However, facile fabrication of form-stable PCMs (FSPCMs) to realize simultaneously energetic solar-thermal conversion and storage in broad-scale practical applications remain a formidable challenge. Here we offer an appealing solar-thermal energy conversion and storage system that utilizes paraffin (PW) as latent heat storage units, sulfur treated nickel foams (S–Ni foams) as solar-thermal conversion materials and polynorbornene-based bottlebrush polymers (PNb22C) as gelators, which can self-assemble into 3D supporting scaffolds, to confine the paraffin in small nanometer-scale spacing. Novel FSPCMs demonstrate no paraffin leakage, high latent heat storage capacity (172.1 J/g) and ultra-stable thermal cycling durability during the 500 times thermal cycling tests. In addition, owning to powerful solar-thermal conversion of S–Ni foams, the developed FSPCMs can energetically convert solar energy into latent heat storing by paraffin with reversible solar-thermal energy storage and release during the 200 cycling tests, providing universal potential opportunities for practical applications in solar energy utilization system, etc.

Increasing the rating performance of paraffin up to 5000 cycles for active latent heat storage by adding high-density polyethylene to form shape-stabilized phase change material

The unstable phase transition of pure paraffin limits its application, particularly for active latent heat storage (ALHS). In passive latent heat storage, the addition of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) can decrease paraffin's leakage rate, which is associated with unstable phase transition and increase its durability after a large thermal number. This study aims to discover the possibility to use HDPE as a shape-stabilizer to increase the paraffin's performance for the ALHS system. Pure paraffin and composite paraffin/HDPE (80:20 wt%) are prepared as the reference material. The evaluation is focused on thermal properties, stability and performance during charging and discharging under different thermal cycles. Thermal cycle treatment uses temperature as a working boundary where the sample is heated from 30°C to 150°C, then cooled back to 30°C and repeated until 5000 cycles. Three different cycle references are chosen (1, 1000 and 5000 cycles) for each evaluation. The melting temperature of paraffin is decreased from 61.6°C to 59.8°C after 5000 cycles where Paraffin/HDPE slightly decreased from 60.4°C to 60.1°C. The heat fusion is decreased by 8.7% and 2.9% for paraffin and Paraffin/HDPE, respectively. The isothermal phase change is observed for paraffin/HDPE even after 5000 cycles with a higher rating performance by 30% faster to complete one cycle than pure paraffin. The other thermal performance is discussed in detail within the article, including the phase transition model during charging and discharging for the sample.

Mechanical Properties of Gypsum-PCM Composite Refined with the Acrylic Copolymer

Nowadays, the construction sector is changing rapidly towards more energy-efficient solutions. Many companies strive to improve the properties of building materials by reducing the weight of materials, increasing mechanical properties, and improving insulation properties. Therefore, to bring closer the problems that need to be solved, it was proposed to develop a new gypsum composite that will be used in a drywall. In addition, phase change material (PCM) and copolymer were used to improve thermal properties and tighten the final product against paraffin leakage. The main goal of the study was to check the mechanical properties. The results of endurance tests were presented. Based on that, it was determined that PCM affects the strength properties of the gypsum. In analyzing the obtained results, it can be stated from a mechanical point of view that to a certain extent, it was possible to confirm the correctness of using PCM in gypsum with an acrylic copolymer. The other part of the article presents the course of research and the results confirming the presented hypothesis.

Cellulose nanofibril/carbon nanotube composite foam-stabilized paraffin phase change material for thermal energy storage and conversion

The leakage and low thermal conductivity of paraffin phase change material (PCM) must be addressed to achieve a more efficient energy storage process. In this study, cellulose nanofibril (CNF) foams were prepared as the porous support of paraffin to prevent its leakage, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated in the foams to improve heat transfer performance. Treatment of CNF with methyltrimethoxysilane improved compatibility between the foams and paraffin. The prepared highly porous (porosity >96%) foams had paraffin absorption capacities exceeding 90%. The form-stable PCM composites displayed negligible paraffin leakage and had a compact structure. The prepared PCM composites had enhanced heat transfer performance, reasonable phase change properties and thermal stabilities. The enthalpy of the SCNF/CNT50-Pw PCM composite decreased by 6% after 100 melting/freezing cycles. Compared with pristine paraffin, the PCM composites exhibited superior form-stabilities and improved thermal properties, which suggested application in a solar-thermal-electricity energy harvesting and conversion system.

Ultra-high temperature graphitization of three-dimensional large-sized graphene aerogel for the encapsulation of phase change materials

High thermal conductivity and outstanding shape stability are highly desired for the wide application of phase change materials. In this study, a large-sized graphene aerogel with a three-dimensional continuous network was fabricated by a combination of sol–gel and ultra-high temperature graphitization, and further employed to encapsulate paraffin. Benefited from the reduced contact thermal resistance and abundant thermally conductive pathway of large-flake graphene skeleton, the phase change composite shows the enhanced thermal conductivity than that of the small-sized. The phase change latent is up to 225.7 J/g, achieving high energy storage density. After the 30th thermal cycles, the phase change latent can maintain 97.11%, showing outstanding cycle stability. Meanwhile, due to the structural stability of a large-flake graphene aerogel, the original shape can be well maintained without the leakage during phase transition. This work can simultaneously solve the problems of poor thermal conductivity, low energy storage density, and paraffin leakage.

High-performance phase change material capsule by Janus particle

A new method is proposed to fabricate high-performance phase change material capsules with high thermal storage capacity and increased thermal conductivity. The capsules are achieved by free radical polymerization against the example paraffin/water emulsions stabilized with Janus particles (JPs). It is key that the highly conductive Ag-contained JP adopt parallel lying at the emulsion interface, which is responsible for increasing the interfacial thermal conductivity. Thermal storage capacity can be retained over 90% with no paraffin leakage, which is stable after many cycles of heating and cooling. The high-performance phase change material capsules are promising in effective thermal management in the form of either powder or slurry.

Thermally regulated cotton fabric coated with expanded graphite stabilized paraffin mixture as composite phase change material

PurposeThis study aims to manufacture cotton fabric with thermal regulation performance by using the composite phase change material (CPCM) prepared by coating paraffin doped with expanded graphite (EG), and the thermal effect of the fabric material was evaluated and characterized.Design/methodology/approachEG/paraffin CPCM with shape stability and enhanced thermal conductivity were prepared by the impregnation method and then finished on the surface of cotton fabric with coating technology. The microstructure, crystal structure, chemical composition, latent heat property and thermal conductivity were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter and thermal constant analyzer. The photo-thermal effect of the coated fabric was studied by a thermal infrared imager.FindingsCPCM prepared with a mass ratio of EG to paraffin of 1:8 showed excellent shape stability and low paraffin leakage rate. The latent heat of the CPCM was 51.6201 J/g and the thermal conductivity coefficient was increased by 11.4 times compared with the mixed paraffin. After the CPCM was coated on the surface of the cotton fabric, the light-to-heat conversion rate of the C-EG/PA3 sample was improved by 86.32% compared with the original fabric. In addition, the coated fabric showed excellent thermal stability and heat storage performance in the thermal cycling test.Research limitations/implicationsEG can improve the shape stability and thermal conductivity of paraffin but will reduce the latent heat energy.Practical implicationsThe method developed provided a simple and practical solution to improving the thermal regulation performance of fabrics.Originality/valueCombining paraffin wax with fabrics in a composite way is innovative and has certain applicability in improving the thermal properties of fabrics.

An Efficient Environmentally Friendly Composite Material Based on Carbonized Biological Cellulose/Paraffin: Thermal and Sustainable Properties Analysis

AbstractA shape‐stabilized composite phase change material (SS‐CPCM) with paraffin (PA) and biological porous carbon (BPC) was prepared. Freeze‐dried biological‐cellulose include abandoned pomelo peel (APP) and tangerine peel (ATP) were carbonized in vacuum at 800 °C to obtain BPC to be used as a matrix material to prevent PA leakage and enhance thermal conductivity. A vacuum impregnation process was utilized to obtain the SS‐CPCM. Scanning electron microscopy showed that BPC (carbonized APP is subsequently referred to as BPC1 and carbonized ATP as BPC2) has a porous, honeycomb‐like structure, and that the paraffin encapsulated by the pores is evenly distributed. The SS‐CPCM2 (made from ATP) had the highest thermal conductivity (2.10 W/m K), which is 1.89 and 10 times that of the SS‐CPCM1 (made using APP) and pure PA, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermo‐gravimetric analysis were applied to determine the thermal performance and thermal reliability of the SS‐CPCM. Therefore, the prepared SS‐CPCM has potential in the field of energy storage.

Form-Stable Phase Change Materials Based on SEBS and Paraffin: Influence of Molecular Parameters of Styrene-b-(Ethylene-co-Butylene)-b-Styrene on Shape Stability and Retention Behavior

In this work, the influence of molecular parameters of styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymer as matrix material in form-stable phase change material (FSPCM) on the thermo-mechanical properties and leakage behavior are studied. Various SEBS grades differing in their molecular weight, styrene content, and ethylene/butylene ratio are used as supporting matrix in composites with 90 wt.% paraffin. Thermo-mechanical properties are determined by rheological measurements. The results show phase transitions temperatures from solid to hard gel, hard gel to soft gel, and soft gel to gel fluid. Paraffin leakage in FSPCM is analyzed by mass loss over time in an oven at 60 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are applied to determine the thermal energy storage capacity. Finally, the molecular weight and the styrene content are combined to the molecular weight of styrene block which is identified as the authoritative parameter for the thermo-mechanical properties of the SEBS/PCM composite.

Preparation of anisotropic reduced graphene oxide/BN/paraffin composite phase change materials and investigation of their thermal properties

In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/boron nitride (BN) anisotropic aerogels (CGAs) used as the heat conduction network were prepared by one-step heat flow method to improve the low thermal conductivity and low heat transfer efficiency of phase change materials. Composite phase change materials (CPCMs) were obtained after vacuum adsorption of paraffin. The structure and thermal properties of the samples were then characterized. The results showed that the anisotropic aerogel was successfully prepared and the corresponding CPCM axial thermal conductivity was 1.68 W/(m K) when the graphene oxide (GO)/BN used to prepare the CGA was 1:20, which was 504% higher than pure paraffin. After 50 cycles, the paraffin leakage rate was 3.1%, and the enthalpy loss rate was 2.7%. When simulating the actual temperature change, the paraffin phase change time could be advanced by approximately 1210 s, and the paraffin phase change efficiency could be improved by approximately 47%. CPCMs have high thermal conductivity, high heat transfer efficiency, and high thermal conduction network stability. They exhibit high heat transfer efficiency and can be used in the fields of thermal energy storage and solar energy conversion and so on.