Paradigm Of Economic Development Research Articles

How Much is the Consumption Potential of Citizenized Migrants? — Based on the Estimation of Migrants’ Income Elasticity of Demand in the New Era of China

The economic development and urbanization in China have stepped into a new stage, and the style of migrants’ consumption has changed. We use nationally representative data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey (2010–2017) for the evaluation of migrants’ income elasticity of demand and data from Urban Household Survey for that of local citizens in the new era of China. The results show the following: (1) Migrants’ income elasticity of demand has reached 0.67 since the new era, presenting a sharply rising trend. In 2017, this number rose to 0.72, indicating that the overall consumption behavior of migrants tended to be localized. (2) Compared with the average consumption elasticity of local citizens (around 0.8), migrants’ income elasticity of demand was low, and still had room for improvement. (3) Citizenized migrants play a significant role in stimulating consumption. As estimated with consumption function, if citizenized migrants’ income elasticity of demand converges with that of local citizens, the total consumption will reach 15.8 trillion in 2030, equivalent to 9.3% of GDP of the year. The consumption growth directly driven by citizenized migrants is about 8 trillion yuan, equivalent to 4.7 percentage points of the GDP. Migrants are not only labor forces but also important consumers for urban areas. Therefore, to expand domestic demands and shift economic development paradigm, it is crucial to citizenize migrants as soon as possible by accelerating the construction of new-type urbanization and the reform of household registration system.

Energy-environmental efficiency of clean energy in China: Integrated analysis with regional green growth

Green growth has become an increasingly important paradigm for sustainable economic growth, resource development, and environmental protection. As the main focus in energy led green growth is a move away from fossil energy to clean energy, sustainable green growth resource development needs to measure both energy and environmental efficiencies. As the largest global energy consumer and carbon emitter, China has had to deal with serious energy and environmental issues in recent years, with its regional green growth performances being poorly assessed. Therefore, green growth clean energy-environmental efficiency assessments were examined in this paper, for which an integrated principal component analysis-data envelopment analysis based analysis approach was developed. It was found that while China's green growth has had a significant increasing trend in recent years, overall it was still at a low level, with the imbalances in China's regional economic development being reflected in its green growth. However, the excellent development and utilization of clean energy in most regions have significantly promoted a continuous improvement in China's green growth and the move toward sustainable resource development and utilization is contributing to long-term green growth. Green growth has also placed new demands on sustainable resource development in China. Therefore, underdeveloped regions that have sustainable resource endowments need to develop industrial systems that have clean energy as the main axis, and developed regions need to develop high-end industries that have low energy consumption and encourage mutual support systems between regions to ensure optimal sustainable resource, green growth development patterns.

THE PLACE OF UKRAINE IN THE WORLD RATINGS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE

Introduction. The functioning and development of enterprises significantly depend on the quality and efficiency of transport and logistics systems. Transport and logistics systems of individual countries are becoming a global decentralized self-regulatory system. In modern conditions, the management of such systems is complicated. Therefore, there is a need to study the latest approaches to the organization of management of Ukraine transport system on the basis of logistics, innovation and informatization. The aim of the article is to study current trends in logistics development and find effective solutions in the management system of transport and logistics infrastructure of Ukraine, taking into account world realities. Results. The article shows that new information technologies and electronic sales systems are changing the essence of logistics activities. Modern trends in logistics development are generalized. It is proved that the priority in the activities of logistics operators in the near future will belong to intellectual services, introduction of innovations and dissemination of knowledge, which in practice means optimizing the elements of transport and logistics infrastructure. The study shows that the logistics services sector is growing much faster than other sectors of the economy. There is a tendency to higher rates of development of infrastructure and logistics component in comparison with the growth rate of corporations themselves. This trend is explained by the growing importance of infrastructure for improving the efficiency of economic activity, the high multiplier effect of logistics. Conclusions. The study showed that the new paradigms of economic development determine necessity of qualitative changes and the development of logistics in Ukraine. Improving the efficiency, quality and level of transport services will increase competitiveness, stimulate Ukrainian exports and support development of domestic production and trade. Keywords: global logistics, transport and logistics infrastructure, informatization of logistics systems.

The Sustainable Development Goals, climate crisis and sustained injustices

In 2015, the UN adopted the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a set of universal goals in key areas of action linked to sustainable development. The SDGs address not only highly relevant socioeconomic issues, but also pressing environmental challenges associated with the Anthropocene, such as climate change. The integration of a specific climate goal – SDG 13 – into the SDGs is paramount as climate change is a global and urgent threat compromising the realisation of all the SDGs. However, the SDGs’ focus on issues linked to the current economic growth pattern and development paradigm may prevent them from addressing the climate crisis and the inequalities and injustices associated with it. This paper attempts to establish the extent to which the SDGs promote progress towards achieving climate justice or if, on the contrary, they maintain the status-quo and continue to fuel the climate crisis while leaving millions behind.

Extraction and development: fossil fuel production narratives and counternarratives in Colombia

ABSTRACT Colombia, a country that is very vulnerable to climate change, has played a positive role in international climate negotiations. Paradoxically, Colombia is also the sixth largest coal exporter globally, and its government has adopted policies to further increase the country’s production of coal and other fossil fuels. This article explores to what extent the national government reproduces a powerful paradigm – namely, that fossil fuel extraction is necessary for development – and how this resonates at the sub-national level. We find that the government’s narrative has evolved to accommodate Colombia’s changing national circumstances and public criticism. Though counternarratives exist, they have struggled to propose credible nationwide alternatives to extractive-based development, thus reinforcing the belief that extraction-based development is unavoidable. We describe how government narratives constitute an obstacle to both supply-side policies to restrict fossil fuel development and to transitional assistance policies to adjust to shifts in the global coal market. Key policy insights The view that fossil fuel extraction is necessary for development is a powerful barrier to supply – side climate policy. This view also hinders the formulation of transitional assistance policy. Empirical evidence that fossil fuel extraction seldom leads to equitable development is not enough to overcome this view. Narratives on fossil fuel-based development continuously adjust to prevailing economic development paradigms and contemporary development challenges.

Policy Implementation of Fisheries Economic Empowerment and Economic Resilience in the Long-Term of Sustainable Development in Kupang City, Indonesia

A substantial problem for the economic development of fishermen in Kupang City, Indonesia is that there are 5,955 fishermen who still have a smaller income than the expenditure and limited access to the rights to control fisheries resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the implementation of fisheries economic empowerment and economic resilience policies in Kupang City using descriptive qualitative methods focusing on the Sala Model theory proposition from Riggs (1964) within the framework of fishermen economic empowerment development paradigm and the framework of economic resilience and political resilience (capital) which matters to economic geography and its economic sustainable development policy for the fishermen, from (da Costa, 2018). The results have shown that the implementation of fishermen’s economic empowerment policy through the provision of capital assistance, training and infrastructure facilities by the local government in Kupang City was not responsive to fishermen; The political support of the Indonesian government is inconsistent, it appears in the lack of internal control and its systems in the process of using ships by fishing groups; In response to this, the local government of Kupang City through related agencies should make progressive policies based on the Sala Model theory from Riggs (1964) and fishermen’s economic resilience and political resilience (capital) for sustainable development theory from (da Costa, 2018). Its model’s theories have an aim to achieve a productive economy at a high level (sufficient level). In order to achieve a sufficient level of economy, the work specialization is needed and positive political development through policies should not be formalistic. Concretely, an affirmative action is needed, that is, the assistantship is not given to individuals; The fishing unit is given to fishermen according to their wants and needs without going through a project approach, this fact shows that there is a limitation or minimization of the fishermen’s economic resources or resilience in the region. Furthermore, from fishermen’s economic resilience for sustainable development, a policy management and its implementation of the local government in the region is assessed as the top final solution where the fishermen would achieve their long-term of economic resilience (productive or sufficient level) which was supposed to be successful if there was not having a lack of policy from the local government in the region regarding the physical resource i.e., technology policy (ship). The fishermen have been facing this economic problem which means that the analysis of economic resilience is important and promptly. The importance of the economic resilience’s analysis and political resilience (capital) according to da Costa’s (2018, p. 160) Theories align or conform with the Sala Model Theory (Riggs, 1964). Importantly, the ship technology has a function as a medium from the fishermen in accessing the fisheries. However, the result has shown that from the point of views of da Costa (2018) matters about the sufficient or productive level of economic resources (resilience) of fishermen which was not still achieved due to their limited access (man power or capitals) and income, discrimination in granting loans to fishermen as long as insufficiency support of the local government to the fishermen’s economic livelihoods. It implies to economic geography’s perspective which puts forward fishermen’s knowledge and skills (ability or endeavor: human or individual resilience) to reach a longer term of economic resilience in the region. Finally, this study emphasizes on the future fishermen’s policy actions which should be viewed as a mandatory action to be implemented by the local Government in Indonesia. Thus, the economic empowerment and resilience of fishermen in the region i.e., Kupang City, Indonesia can be effectively and productively or sufficiently implicated in increasing the ability of the regional economy as it supports a sustainable development in the region.

Changes in the economic development paradigms, dominant forms of capital and new challenges of modern transformations

The system-forming role of capital in the functioning of the economy, its evolution and the influence of its dominant forms on changes in the place of the economy in society are examined in the article. The reasons for the change of the economic development paradigms, the influence of various spheres of economic activity under the influence of reorientations on the accumulation of capital’s new forms are identified. The tendencies in the informatized and globalized world economy are revealed, which determine the growth of monopolistic tendencies and unilateral dependence of the productive branches on the processes developing in the financial sphere. The transformation of the economy from production priorities to various forms of rapid enrichment without the need to create real goods is analyzed. The aggravation of contradictions between manufacturing industries and the financial sector, between informatized and non-informatized components of the economy, between those whose qualifications will be needed in computerized production and those whose work in the new economy will no longer be needed. The process of hierarchization that unfolds in the economy between different industries and spheres of activity under the influence of different rates of capital accumulation is revealed. The analysis of the existing mechanisms of capital accumulation in various structural divisions of economy is made. The reasons for the different dynamics of capital accumulation by different components of the economy are identified. The inability of the market mechanism to ensure the development and functioning of the economy in the direction of expanded reproduction of the production of goods necessary for society is determined. The influence of information technologies on globalization processes in the world and their connection with the decrease in economic productivity at this stage of development is revealed. The real motives of economic entities that have changed the paradigm of economic behavior of people in the post-industrial stage have been established. The influence of the aim to maximize profitability as a fundamental driving force of economic behavior is revealed, which has provided changes in the long-term and sustainable trend focused on productivity growth in economic activity.

Inclusive Sustainable Development in the Caribbean Region: Social Capital and the Creation of Competitive Advantage in Tourism Networks

In the mainstream parlance, tourism is constructed as conspicuous consumption for the exclusively chosen few. Historically, the term “inclusive” in the tourism industry was exclusively used with all-inclusive tourism. All-inclusive tourism is often quite an unethical approach and is probably the antithesis of inclusive development. Likewise, traditional definitions of sustainable tourism, too, did not stress enough of inclusiveness. The focus of sustainable tourism has been to ensure the sustenance of nature and culture and inclusiveness was just one of the conditions that would support this. This paper attempts to blueprint the idea of inclusive, sustainable tourism – which brings inclusion to sustainable development. Inclusion in the cooperative governance framework activates social capital and thereby, tourism businesses can gain lasting competitive advantage. A special mention about the challenges being faced by the Caribbean tourism destinations is given during the discussion. Caribbean tourism is criticized for its powerful thrust for everything that is unsustainable. The “third way” is gaining traction, but it also excludes certain important voices and stakeholders. For the Caribbean region, ending the Sun-Sea-Sand-Sex model of tourism altogether, all of a sudden is not only impractical but also unsustainable. So, the solutions should reform it with more and more inclusivity and sustainability elements. There is still hope, with a new generation of entrepreneurs armed with a combination of idealism survival spirits. Tourism is now at the center of the inclusive economic development paradigm in the Caribbean, more than ever before. During the discussion, certain myths about inclusive, sustainable tourism are demolished, too: say, it is not who controls tourism but how it is controlled which determines inclusiveness and sustainability; also, there is evidence emerging which indicate that even large scale private enterprises could advance inclusiveness and sustainability provided these results in their competitive advantage and increased profitability; finally, inclusiveness does not necessarily mean sustainability or vice versa. Keywords: Inclusive Sustainable Tourism, Ethics, Social Responsibility, Culture, Competitive Advantage, Cooperative Networks, Policy Framework.

Evaluation of Innovative Technologies in Conditions of the Digital Economics

The article outlines the prospects and challenges of digitalization of the world economics, which led to the revision of the current paradigm of economic development of the world. Considering the fact that digital technologies are both a market and a vehicle for the emergence and development of new markets, they have actualized the importance of market phenomena and effects (convergence, spillover effect, diffusion of technologies, etc.), which have a colossal influence on the economic evaluation, transfer, and commercialization of innovations. In this regard, one of the important scientific and practical tasks for economists is to develop a methodology for the evaluation of innovative technologies, which would take into account the modern features of digitalization and would increase the competitive position of technologies. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the method of evaluation the cost of innovative technologies in the digital economics. The object of the work is the process of assessing the cost of innovative technologies, the subject – theoretical, methodological and applied foundations of evaluation of innovative technologies in conditions of the digital economics. The article substantiates the method of estimating the cost of innovative technologies in the framework of a comparative valuation approach. The peculiarity of the author's method is the matrix structure, which contributes to the flexibility of taking into account and/or adjustment of factors affecting the market environment on innovative technology at a particular time. The proposed method enables us to increase the efficiency of pricing and can be used as a basis for justifying the pricing strategy for innovative technologies, making management decisions regarding their market development in the digital economics, etc. The development makes it possible to adjust the price of innovative technology, in accordance with the inherent values of the influence of economic factors on it. The method is tested on the example of enterprises in the field of industrial electronics.

Green Marketing: The Emerging Key Driver towards Sustainability in an Emerging Economy: An Investigation into Impact of Demographics on Green Consumption

Emerging economies like Brazil, India China and Russia have finally claimed it’s rightful place on the global economic map and at the same time some other economies like Indonesia, Turkey, Nigeria and Mexico are rapidly growing in importance. This marks the beginning of a new economic order which is instrumental in shaping the global economic development and shape new paradigms to address the political and economic issues faced by the world. However, none of this development comes without posing some unique challenges. Removal of poverty and lack of employment definitely remain a common challenge for most economies in transition. But far more pressing are the issues of social inequality and environmental sustainability that these economies need to address. Economies have to adopt strategies to integrate sustainability with growth and move towards inclusive development that is socially, economically and environmentally profitable. Sustainability is bound to emerge as a key driver to generate necessary momentum to bring about a ‘ new balance’ between developing economies, emerging economies and developed economies of the world.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM SIMULATION USING SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL FOR PAPUA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Development of human society (social), economic development, and environmental preservation are the three pillars of sustainable development. They must be implemented simultaneously and balanced. Two paradigms can be used to implement sustainable development, namely the economic development paradigm and the human development paradigm. This paper proposes a novel concept of human development in the Papua –Indonesia Province using a system thinking approach. This paper also proposes a novel modeling and simulation electrical system using a system dynamics method to fulfill human development demand. As an object of modeling and simulation, an electrical system in several regencies and municipality used. The simulation model results from the novel concept of human development in this study are projections of electricity demand and installed capacity of the 2016-2050 power plants in the BaU, moderate, and optimistic scenarios. Increased electricity demand and the installed capacity of the power plants are a function of the human development index (HDI) and development acceleration. The average increase in electricity demand is 3.8583; 5,0652; 8.1779 and 7.1122 percent per year for the BaU scenario, 0.5088; 0.3404; 1.1578 and 0.6726 percent per year for the moderate scenario, and 0.5100; 0.3422; 1.1694 and 0.6760 percent per year for optimistic scenario. The average increase in installed capacity of the power plant is 3.9880; 5,2110; 8.4366 and 7.3141 percent per year for the BaU scenario, 4.1159; 5,4391; 8.7747 and 7.6709 percent per year for the moderate scenario, and 4.470; 5,611; 9.1128 and 7.8392 percent per year for the optimistic scenario.Keywords: Human Development, System Thinking, System Dynamics, Papua-Indonesia.JEL Classifications: L94, O15, Q47, R58.DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8301

중국 소비시장의 새로운 플랫폼

As Chinese government started converting its paradigm of economic development to consumption-oriented one, various changes have emerged in consumption structure and consumption behavior. Expansion of mobile-oriented consumer market by utilization of the internet platform and convenience of mobile payment system is the biggest cause of changes in Chinese consumption structure. Among those strategies, 'New Retail,' introduced in 2016, has combined advantages between online and offline, and solved consumer's service experience and of existing online distribution problems. And it is also increasing consumer satisfaction as well as operation efficiency of companies or relevant platforms by upgrading the entire consumption process. This study has analyzed development status and development models of 'New Retail' focusing on the example of new retail model of 'Lao Zihao: China Time-honored Brand.' In addition, it has suggested opinions for direction of consistent development of Lao Zihao and New Retail strategy.

The Risk of Financial Networks in the Context of Globalization

The process of globalization inevitably leads to the rethinking (conceptual reconstruction) of the paradigm of growth and economic development at local, regional, national, European and global level, implicitly on the financial market as a whole. The high challenge, on the one hand, of the depletion and / or deterioration of the resources (especially natural) and, on the other hand, of our optimization model - the maximization of the objective functions at the level of the economic and financial actors, is likely to advertise a radical change in the options and means we address this important activity of the individual and society: the economic and financial activity. At the same time, it is obvious that financial activity can no longer be regarded in itself as a mode governed by discreet rationality distinct from others, rationality based on consistent and sufficient logic. Logic and rationality at the level of financial markets must accept, under the pressure of global problems, a permanent and fundamental communication with the other logic of individual and social behavior (praxis). In addition, they must accept the possibility and desirability of re-evaluations, repositions or even refunds, in light of the new paradigms of the economic process, including the process of finance and a knowledge of the financial network's risks.

Nonlinearity and Information as Factors of Ensuring Effective Functioning of the Banking System

The influence of non-linearity and information on functioning of banks has been considered in the article. The connection of nonlinear banking system with nonlinear economic paradigm which changes today linear paradigm of economic development for traditional has been underlined. The expediency of choosing economic synergetics as a new conceptual theory of a nonlinear paradigm has been grounded. The attention has been accented on the fact that the essence of nonlinearity should be interpreted as a multivariance and alternativeness of choice of ways of development as the irreversibility and speed of processes which are taking place in the banking environment. It has been noted that non-linearity property lies in disproportional reaction of the banking system to changes in the internal and external environment, which makes it possible and multialternative subsequent development of it at the points where its functioning takes place under uncertainty. It has been proven that nonlinearity of the banking system is manifested in such phenomena as ambiguity and irreversibility. On the basis of conducting of a comparative characteristic of linear and nonlinear systems, the severance of the properties of nonlinearities of the banking system development has been conducted: emergence, bifurcation, fluctuation and irreversibility. It has been emphasized that non-linear dynamics gives the possibility to reveal the essence of the process of self-organization of the banking system as a consequent change of the individual phases of order and chaos in its development. The entropy and informational nature of the modern banking system has stipulated the need for determining the dependence of the effect of its functioning from the indicator of the order of system behaviour which is stipulated by the level of filling of the system by management information. It has been established that organization and effect of the banking system's activity increases with the growth of management information in its volume, and vice versa. This connection has an exponential nature and reveals the nonlinear character of development of the banking system in constant confrontation between disorder and information in the entropy aspect of the study. The process of development of the banking system has been proposed, to consider it as interaction of linearity and nonlinearity, stability and instability, constancy and structural changes as opposed to the properties of traditional linearity, continuity and sustainability which fully reflects the synergetic vision of the development of complex economic systems.

Current Global Challenges in the Context of the Development of Local Communities

One of the current challenges of the current generation is the globalization process that inevitably leads to the rethinking (conceptual reconstruction) of the paradigm of economic growth and development at local, regional, national, European and global level, with a direct impact on biodiversity at local level. The challenge, on the one hand, of the depletion and / or deterioration of resources (especially natural ones and ecosystems) and, on the other hand, our optimization model - maximizing objective functions at the level of economic actors - is of a nature to advocate a radical change in the options and means we address this important activity of the individual and society: economic activity in the context of biodiversity describes the whole range of economic activities directly dependent on the variability of living organisms within an ecological complex. Biodiversity as defined in the literature includes the diversity of the ecosystem and the genetic diversity of a species in this ecosystem, which determines us to describe the current challenges based on this consideration. It is obvious, at the same time, which economic activity can no longer be perceived in itself as a mode governed by discreet rationality distinct from others, rationality based on a consistent and sufficient logic. Logic and economic rationality must accept, under the pressure of global biodiversity problems, a permanent and fundamental communication with the other logic of individual and social behavior at the local level. In addition, they must accept the possibility and the desirability of re-evaluations, repositions or even reimbursements in the light of the new paradigms of the economic process that is carried out in the context of biodiversity at the local level.

Transport and logistic opportunities of Kazakhstan within «New economic belt»

Introduction to the research topic. In the modern world, one of the largest initiatives that dramatically change the appearance of this world, forming a new paradigm of economic and geostrategic development in general, is the Strategy of the Economic Belt of the Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road. It was called «One belt, One road».The purpose, main directions and ideas of scientific research – the study and identification of transport and logistics opportunities for the Republic of Kazakhstan in the framework of the Chinese initiative «Economic belt of the new silk road».A brief description of the scientific and practical significance of the work. The essence of the project economic belt of the new silk road lies in the integration of the Eurasian continent in the economic, transport and logistics sectors. Due to the fact that this initiative,for the most part, is aimed at the Central Asian region, it is impossible not to take into account the expected economic benefits for our country.The research methodology includes comparison of the New silk road initiative with the Kazakhstan infrastructure project «Nurly Zhol» on the basis of comparative analysis. To achieve the goal and solve the tasks,a comprehensive analysis was carried out,based on a combination of a systematic approach, empirical research, as well as a comparative historical method.The main results and analysis,conclusions of the research work: the authors of the study considered such documents as the joint Declaration of China and Kazakhstan «on further deepening of comprehensive strategic partnership», «Joint communique on the results of the high – level forum on international cooperation within the framework of the initiative «one belt, one road» «State program of the Republic of Kazakhstan on infrastructure development Nurly Zhol for 2015-2019». The article concludes that there are significant opportunities for Kazakhstan in the field of transport logistics,which will positively affect the development of cooperation between China and Kazakhstan in the economic sector.The value of the study: one of the main countries participating in the initiative one belt,one way is Kazakhstan. It is through Kazakhstan that a lot of transport highways pass,which will have a positive impact on the economy of this country. As a result, it is possible to identify a huge number of new jobs and commodity exchange in our country. The study is valuable because the expected results and benefits of the Chinese initiative will directly affect the economy of Kazakhstan.Practical value of the results: helps to identify new transport opportunities.Key words: transport logistics, economic way of the Silk Road, Nurly Zhol, Kazakh – Chinese relations.

Cluster Development Based on Competitive Specialization of Regions

“Bottom-up†cluster identification, as opposed to “assigning†clusters by the fact of enterprises coexisting on a compact territory, is an important scientific and practical problem. Its solution may be found in a survey of regions’ competitive specialization in order to identify spatial clusters based on industries with high-level competitive potential. The data on gross regional product (GRP) and national gross value added across industries were an empirical basis of the study. This article explores the possibility to identify territorial clusters in a region where its competitive specialization meets the high competitive potential of an industry. Research methodology stands on regional and spatial economics theories, employs traditional economic instruments of results’ verification. To achieve the expected results we employed traditional instruments of verification, economic and statistical analysis as research methodology. Studying a wide range of literature sources have resulted into development of innovative industrial approach to cluster formation by identifying clustering priorities and industries’ integration potential. The approach is based on the assessment of regions’ industrial specialization that can measure industry’s contribution to regions competitiveness, as well as density of interregional competitive relations. Such assessment is useful in determining industries potentially attractive for clustering. These industries can generate positive effect from utilizing territory’s specialization. Obvious specialization will either indicate potential’s depletion or reveal vectors for developing the most competitive industries that actually create efficient clusters. This approach contributes sufficiently to the theory and methodology of cluster paradigm of social and economic development, as it allows identifying de-facto existing clusters instead of creating them artificially. The key principle of the method is prioritizing as a cluster an industry, which is characterized by maximum productivity in social and economic spheres. Considering the competition between regions and different levels of industry development, it is possible to identify perspective directions for advancing regions strategic competitiveness. Further research will be aimed at the method’s verification and expansion by analyzing prolonged retrospective of specific data, including the gravity components of the connectedness of regions economic space and network interactions effects between the participants of “artificial†and “natural†clusters in the Russian Federation.

Perpetuating health inequities in India: global ethics in policy and practice

ABSTRACTDecisions that influence health and access to health care are necessarily a matter of ethics. This paper attempts to examine current budgetary allocations and policy shifts in India from the perspective of global ethical values. It also describes how global economic processes may increase health inequity nationally and argues that they should, therefore, be subject to global health ethics. Public health in India is in a state of crisis from a disinvestment in public health care services and persistent neglect, simultaneous to the global push to enhance privatization. National health policies have remained oblivious to the unacceptably high inequity in access to health care on the one hand, and the cautionary analysis of the experience with currently chosen solutions through public-private- partnership and insurance models, which further marginalize the poorest. Global institutions such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO) also influence national policies to benefit global business interests but often with detrimental effect upon equitable access to health and health care. The paper argues that the application of ethics must become more visible in the determination of national policies that are led by the dominant global paradigms of economic development to ensure that equitable access to health is prioritized.

Energy analytics for supporting built environment decarbonisation

The identification of techno-economically feasible decarbonisation paths and sustainability transitions for the built environment is a necessary task for research today and building stock renovation processes can act in synergy with innovative economic and technological development paradigms to achieve different types of benefits such as economic growth and employment, together with resource efficiency and sustainability for the whole sector. The research presented aims at selecting the most relevant data analysis processes and techniques to respond to practical technical questions and to support decision-making in the built environment, at multiple scales of analysis, from individual buildings, to building stock and urban environment. The research aims to indicate in this way the possibility to join the micro-scale view, involving technological and behavioral issues in buildings, and the macro-scale view, involving strategic problems at market and policy levels for energy and sustainability planning. Further, the combined use of modelling techniques with large scale data acquisition and processing could guarantee multiple feed-backs from measured data, useful for the evolution, first of all, of design and operation practices in building but also, more in general, of the whole value chain of the sector. A synthesis and integration of modelling methodologies is presented through case studies, showing a path to improve transparency of performance assessment across building life cycle phases. Finally, multivariate data visualization techniques are presented to ease wider applicability of the described numerical techniques.

Searching for Housing Model of 21st Century: Analysis of Chosen Polish and Dutch Concepts

Housing estates play the important role in planning the contemporary European cities. The urban concepts of estates are changing, especially in countries in which there are big housing needs, because fast economic development and sustainable paradigm last decades. The purpose of study is characteristics of the urban concepts and housing environment based on these important examples, chosen by the author: Marina Mokotow Estate in Warsaw, Eko Park Estate in Warsaw and Westerpark Urban District (GWL Terrain) in Amsterdam. The analysis includes: urban composition of mentioned above estates, standards of semi-public spaces, recreational spaces and provided ecological ideas, solutions of the wheeled and walking transport, the quality of architecture. The analysis showed significant differences in urban development of housing estates and the different relations to semi-public spaces and the city space. They represent different typology in creating city planning of 21st century (modernism concept “gated community”, mix-used concept based on the city quarters - heterotypic solution and the concept of eco-habitat.