Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic Eτ Research Articles

Application of paraconsistent logic to support the decision on the return of face-to-face academic activities at the university after Covid-19

During the Covid-19 pandemic peak period, changes were devised for society to adapt to the new lifestyle without affecting its development. Among others, education was one of the most affected areas in this period due to the mandatory social distancing. Education institutions adapted to this new scenario by switching from face-to-face to remote teaching, which brings advantages and disadvantages. To better understand this new teaching-learning pedagogical approach, it is important to listen to those intimately connected in this process: professors and students. Since they provide personal and subjective opinions connected to their own cultures, perceptions, and other very personal variables, assessing their opinions requires a different approach based on unusual logics, in which the paraconsistent logic appears as a potential tool. This research aims to apply the paraconsistent annotated evidential logic Eτ (PAEL) in the opinion of students and professors of an engineering post-graduate program in the state of São Paulo to evaluate whether or not to return to face-to-face academic activities at the university, after the Covid-19 pandemic. A survey was applied to a sample of professors and students, embracing nine variables related to teaching, research, economics, time, and efficiency. Results show that, although research and time indicators are located within the ‘truth’ region of the cartesian unitary square, the barycenter is in the 'almost true' region, indicating an inconclusive response as to whether or not to return to face-to-face academic activities. This study contributes to discussions about the newly imposed after Covid-19-scenario towards more effective pedagogical approaches.

Expert Group Simulation Evaluating Behavioural Competence by Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic Eτ

Group decision-making may present inconsistencies, resulting in biased decisions. This research presents simulations with the formation of different groups composed of professionals who participate in evaluating a candidate for project manager. The Behavioural Competencies Assessment Instrument and the Para-analyser algorithm were used as the foundation of the simulations based on the Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic Eτ. In a factual scenario, it is necessary, at least two evaluators, in order to obtain equitable results since just one evaluator opinion may influence the result.

The Productivity Gains Achieved In Applicability of The Prototype AITOD with Paraconsistent Logic in Support in Decision-Making in Project Remeasurement.

This paper addresses the subject of software measurement, namely, the method of Function Point Analysis, which consists in functionally sizing the software. The sizing activity held between customer specialists and suppliers causes disagreements because it involves multiple vague factors that are difficult to quantify. This paper aims to develop the AITOD- Intelligent Decision-making Support system, based on Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic Eτ. This system aims to contribute to the decision-making process of managers. Such methodology has as a precept the materialization of artefacts derived from concepts. The AITOD product has achieved significant improvements in the process of mitigating project recounts. Through the AITOD system, it was verified that 46 projects would result in approval of 28.57% of the projects, 50 projects would result in approval of 64.10% of the projects. With these results, companies would avoid unnecessary expenses and rework. In the scope of the innovative project, the results achieved on the reduction of values spent on project recounting stands out, being proved the viability of the AITOD product.

Multi-criteria decision analysis for health technology resource allocation and assessment: so far and so near?

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an emerging tool that allows the integration of relevant factors for health technology assessment (HTA). This study aims to present a summary of the methodological characteristics of MCDA: definitions, approaches, applications, and implementation stages. A case study was conducted in the São Paulo State Cancer Institute (ICESP) in order to understand the perspectives of decision-makers in the process of drafting a recommendation for the incorporation of technology in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), through a report by the Brazilian National Commission for the Incorporation of Technologies in the SUS (CONITEC). Paraconsistent annotated evidential logic Eτ was the methodological approach adopted in the study, since it can serve as an underlying logic for constructs capable of synthesizing objective information (from the scientific literature) and subjective information (from experts' values and preferences in the area of knowledge). It also allows the incorporation of conflicting information (contradictions), as well as vague and even incomplete information in the valuation process, resulting from imperfection of the available scientific evidence. The method has the advantages of allowing explicit consideration of the criteria that influenced the decision, facilitating follow-up and visualization of process stages, allowing assessment of the contribution of each criterion separately, and in aggregate, to the decision's outcome, facilitating the discussion of diverging perspectives by different stakeholder groups, and increasing the understanding of the resulting recommendations. The use of an explicit MCDA approach should facilitate conflict mediation and optimize participation by different stakeholder groups.