Findings Of Paper Research Articles (Page 1)

Hypersensitivity reactions to quinolones (QHRs) have been increasing in frequency, thus classifying them as the second most frequently implicated class of antibiotics in hypersensitivity reactions (HRs). It is noteworthy that quinolones (Qs) have been observed to predominantly trigger immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs). These reactions are categorized as either IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated, attributable to the off-target occupation of the recently described receptor, Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 (MRGPRX2), on effector cells. The increasing trend of HRs underscores the necessity for enhanced diagnostic and management strategies. The present position paper aims to shed light on the key mechanisms involved in immediate and non-immediate QHRs. The clinical spectrum of these reactions is discussed, as well as the utility of skin tests, invitro diagnostic tests, and drug provocation tests in diagnosis. A further focal point of this study is the analysis of cross-reactivity between various Qs. The paper concludes with the presentation of diagnostic algorithms for both immediate and non-immediate QHRs. The paper's findings aid clinical practice for QHRs and address unmet needs, which should stimulate more in-depth investigations into the mechanisms and clinical practice of QHRs.

Subpial cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of frequency, pathology, and clinical diversity.

This paper has two parts. First, we compute India’s trade intensities with the ASEAN economies and the region. Afterward, we apply the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) technique to a gravity equation to identify the determinants of India’s trade intensity index (TII) with ASEAN countries. The sample covers India and its 10 ASEAN partners for 32 years— from 1990 to 2021. The index values reveal that India’s exports to ASEAN region countries (Myanmar, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand) are higher than the expected potential exports, except for Lao PDR, the Philippines, Brunei, and Cambodia, where the index is underutilized and needs to be strengthened given the scenario that India has bilateral engagement with these nations. Sectoral results suggest India's high trade intensity with ASEAN in Fuel, Agriculture, Textiles, Ores and Metals. However, low trade intensity exists in Chemicals and Manufacturing. The paper's findings confirm Linder's hypothesis and support the rise in south-south trade. Moreover, estimates suggest that trade possibilities rise when reciprocity in tariff rate reduction occurs. Furthermore, the findings show that non-tariff barriers and factors like supply-chain disruptions and logistics shape India's trade intensity with ASEAN members. The results provide some further noteworthy insights into India-ASEAN trade. The study’s conclusions have implications for both academics and policymakers.

ABSTRACTA study is conducted to quantify the effect of different types of thermal loadings simultaneously with cyclic mechanical loading on the entropy generation of carbon steel (CS) 1018 under fully reversed bending fatigue. It is revealed that fatigue life decreases in response to thermal loading. Furthermore, the presence of thermal loading, the number of thermal cycles, the duration of thermal cycles, and the power of thermal loading do not exhibit a deviation in fracture fatigue entropy (FFE) from that of pure mechanical loading. FFEs are found to be between 18.3 and 22.3 MJ m−3 K−1 for several thermomechanical loading cases, falling in the range of previously reported values for CS 1018. The results of this study provide further evidence that FFE is a property of a material, and it remains constant in a narrow band range in response to external variables. Applying the paper's findings, the fatigue life of components under thermomechanical loading can be predicted using FFE.

An analysis of involuntary hospitalization practices in Allegheny County, Pa., has concluded that for a substantial group of individuals with mental illness, a hospital stay actually increases risk of later harm. The paper's finding is compelling in that the population of focus for the analysis consisted of patients for whom the decision to commit was considered a close judgment call.

The primary pillar of the Nepalese economy is agriculture. In addition, Nepal's tourism industry is a significant and highly promising economic sector. This study examines how Nepal's GDP is impacted by the tourism industry, which generates foreign exchange earnings, and the agriculture sector, which encompasses forestry, fisheries, and agriculture. Using secondary time series data from 1995 AD to 2020 AD, this study investigates the economic contributions of the tourism and agriculture industries to the GDP of Nepal. For trend analysis, this study additionally employed secondary time series data on the value of the agricultural sector's contribution to GDP from 1965 AD to 2023 AD. Ordinary least squares regression has been used to evaluate secondary time series data from the World Bank-World Development Indicators. This paper used agriculture, forestry, and fishing as primary independent variables, with foreign tourism receipts serving as a supporting independent variable. The GDP was the dependent variable. This study came to the conclusion that the agriculture sector and GDP have a favourable and significant relationship. Additionally, this paper's empirical findings demonstrated a positive and insignificant relationship between GDP with foreign tourism receipts.

This study aims to shed light on how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects the profitability of European banks across various banking groups and how capital adequacy ratio (CAR) moderates this relationship. Quantile regression analysis is used to analyze the relationship for 3941 yearly observations for the period from 2010 to 2020 for banks in 12 European countries. The findings indicate that the impact of EPU on profitability differs significantly depending on the kind of bank. For instance, while Investment and Saving Banks remain unaffected or even profit from greater EPU, Bank Holdings, Commercial Banks, Real Estate and Mortgage Banks, and Islamic Banks all see a decline in profitability due to EPU. CAR moderates the negative relationship between EPU and bank profitability, but the impact is asymmetrical among different types of banks. Overall, the paper's findings emphasize how crucial bank-specific traits like institutional framework, business focus, and risk attitude determine how banks respond to shifts in EPU. The diverse impacts of EPU on bank profit by category show that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to policy intervention in the banking industry.

The preservation and management of heritage assets is critical for preserving a country's cultural identity and promoting tourism. However, guidance on how to account for heritage assets in government financial statements is lacking. In response to this need, the United Nations Statistical Commission has developed the Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) to provide guidelines on the accounting treatment of heritage assets. This paper set the GFSM’s guidelines for accounting for heritage assets and provided a critical analysis of their applicability and effectiveness, as well as highlighting the challenges and limitations of heritage asset accounting. The methodology involved a literature review and the paper's findings set the GFSM guidelines for accounting for heritage assets in Governance Department, but there is still much room for improvement in this area. The paper recommends additional research to develop more robust and standardized accounting practices for heritage assets, as well as suggest Guidelines for Heritage Assets in the Government Finance Statistics Manual. The paper concluded with suggestions for future research and policy development in this area, emphasizing the importance of balancing cultural heritage preservation with the need for economic development and sustainability.

Housing policy remains underutilized as a lever for better population health. This commentary discusses the intersection of housing policy and population health, focusing on the use of natural experiments to evaluate the health effects of housing policies. We consider Schwartz and Chu's paper (Am J Epidemiol. XXXX;XXX(XX):XXXX-XXXX) in which they employ a natural experiment approach to quantifying health impacts of habitability warrants: state-based housing policy aimed at protecting renters in the United States. The paper's null findings highlight the complexities of evaluating health effects of housing policies. Findings could be explained by policy failure, that is, habitability warranties place the burden on tenants to act, requiring them to invest resources and potentially risk their tenancy to address suboptimal living conditions. Methodological challenges could also contribute including limited sample sizes, reliance on self-reported data, and potential confounding factors. We argue that failure to optimize housing policies for health outcomes leads to missed opportunities to improve population health using prevention strategies, potentially widening existing health inequalities. This review underscores the need for continued research into the health impacts of housing policies, advocating for a shift toward health-centric policy evaluation to better leverage housing as a key social determinant of health.

Background: The principle of the "best interest of juveniles" is a cornerstone of Jordanian law, reflecting the country's commitment to safeguarding the rights and welfare of children. Anchored in the Juvenile Law No. 32 of 2014 and international obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), this principle ensures that the rights, development, and protection of juveniles are prioritised in judicial, social, and administrative decisions. Jordanian law emphasises rehabilitation over punishment, focusing on the social reintegration of juvenile offenders while considering their psychological and developmental needs. Methods: This paper examines how the best interest of juveniles is operationalised in Jordanian law, analysing its strengths, challenges, and alignment with international standards. It highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving legal, social, and psychological perspectives to ensure that juveniles' rights are upheld in all phases of criminal proceedings. Given the nature of the study, multiple research approaches were employed, including an analytical approach to examine all legislative Articles related to the subject, aiming to identify their content, implications, and objectives. Additionally, a comparative approach was used to analyse relevant domestic laws and international conventions concerning juvenile offenders, providing critical analysis and commentary. Results and Conclusions: The paper's findings indicate that the principle of the child's best interest functions as a fundamental right, a key interpretative legal standard, and a procedural framework. Yet, its application varies across the stages of criminal proceedings under Jordanian law, with the trial stage exhibiting the strongest adherence to this principle compared to earlier stages of the criminal process. It is recommended that the Jordanian Juvenile Law be revised to include explicit provisions ensuring legal representation for juveniles at all stages of criminal proceedings, covering all types of offences, rather than limiting it to felonies during the trial phase. The law should also restrict the authority of public prosecutors to extend juvenile detention, expand the jurisdiction of juvenile conciliation courts to include all misdemeanours not only those punishable by up to two years of imprisonment—and exempt juveniles from the application of flagrante delicto rules.

Fiscal equalization is an important mechanism for balancing the autonomy of local government on function execution with a need for centralized fiscal management. To evaluate the relationship between fiscal decentralization, represented by the Fiscal Decentralization Index (FDI), and indicators that influence local autonomy the study used empirical techniques. Based on the econometric results of the Albanian case, the impact on FDI is described by factors such as vertical and horizontal equalization, conditional funds for delegated functions, and central government investments in local government. The paper's findings indicate the importance of the fiscal equalization mechanism in improving the local government autonomy indicators. Statistically, horizontal and vertical equalization have adverse effects on the Fiscal Decentralization Index. Vertical equalization policies show a significant positive impact on FDI results, suggesting that increasing vertical equalization will strengthen local autonomy. Conversely, the influence of horizontal equalization appears to be less pronounced, indicating that its impact on local autonomy may be more complex and context-dependent. By using conditional funds for delegated function, the study argues a mixed effect on local autonomy, based on the specific legal conditions on the independence of using those funds. Additionally, investments from central institutions demonstrate a varying degree of influence on the FDI, reflecting the diverse ways in which central-level investments can either enhance or constrain local autonomy. By empirically analyzing these relationships over five years for every local government unit of Albania and the theoretical (legal) treatment of fiscal equalization, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the political decisions that can create dynamics between fiscal equalization and local autonomy. Well-designed fiscal equalization systems are essential for balancing the autonomy benefits of decentralization to achieve equitable access to public services across regions. The insights gained from this research can inform policymakers in designing more effective fiscal decentralization strategies that strike an optimal balance between central coordination and local empowerment.

'It is an orientation aid on the way to a better care situation,' explained Prof Dr Stephan Baldus, Director of the Medical Clinic III for Internal Medicine at the University Hospital of Cologne, who took part as patron in the presentation of the recently published new white paper 'Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases - Care Situation in Germany' (1). The white paper, financed by Novo Nordisk Pharma, pursues 'a scientific approach, is neutral and independent of products', as Hans-Holger Bleß (_fbeta) emphasised at the presentation of the white paper's findings. The third speaker at the book presentation, Prof Dr Ulrich Laufs, Clinic and Polyclinic for Cardiology at Leipzig University Hospital and co-author of the White Paper, gave an indication of why Novo Nordisk is involved in this area. He said: 'We need to take a closer look at cardiovascular inflammation as a significant risk factor. This is a great opportunity for more effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases.'

Numerical analysis of coil designs to expedite fracture healing using dielectrophoresis with S method.

Child labor and schooling can change through the demand and labor supply of a booming commodity. The increased global demand for palm oil put international attention on the increased child labor incidence in the Indonesia palm oil sector. We estimate using difference-in-difference for two time periods of data from SUSENAS in 2002 and 2010 on the district level using increasing global demand and suitability cultivation as the exogenous treatments. This paper's findings suggest that the palm oil boom increased child labor by as 1.44% and reduced schooling as much as 1.85% on average in the district above the suitability of palm oil cultivation than those below the median. Therefore, the Indonesian government should commit to eradicating child labor in palm oil areas by improving labor control and increasing the number and quality of schools.

Forensic accounting is like a detective story but with numbers and financial statements. It's a crucial tool in uncovering and preventing financial fraud. However, forensic accountants often face significant hurdles that can complicate their investigations. This paper will dive into these challenges, exploring issues like dealing with massive amounts of data, ensuring evidence remains untampered, navigating complex legal frameworks, and addressing ethical concerns. It will also propose practical solutions and strategies to help forensic accountants overcome these obstacles, making their work more effective. By tackling these challenges head-on, this research aims to support the important work of forensic accountants in protecting financial integrity and ensuring justice. The paper's findings highlight the essential role of advanced data analytics tools, the importance of maintaining a strict chain of custody for evidence, comprehensive legal knowledge and continuous education, the commitment to ethical standards, and practical solutions to overcome challenges. By focusing on these areas, forensic accountants can conduct more effective investigations, protect financial integrity, and ensure justice is served.

Long COVID is a complex multisystem illness with multiple relapsing-remitting symptoms, which can vary in severity and impact people's daily lives. This study utilises the first author's experience of falling ill with and recovering from long COVID to investigate the lived experience of the illness. Learnings that could positively influence how people with long COVID, and health professionals, approach rehabilitation and recovery from the illness going forward are identified. Employing collaborative autoethnography, the first author investigated her personal experience of falling ill with, and rehabilitating from, long COVID, while soliciting input of the second author (an athletic therapist and physiotherapist, and researcher with expertise in chronic pain) for the purpose of analysis and interpretation. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed across a number of data sources available to the first author, including journal entries, text messages, emails, and pharmacy receipts. Four themes were generated from the data, supported by a number of subthemes: (i) Psychosocial impact of long COVID, (ii) Invalidated, (iii) Validated, and (iv) Power and Ownership. The negative impact of a siloed and reductionist approach to care for long COVID is evident in the findings of this study. In addition, the need for healthcare environments that enhance autonomy and empowerment, and that implement patient-centred care, where the person living with chronic illness is supported to engage in management strategies that meet their needs, is underlined. This study highlights the detrimental cost, both personally and financially, of the ongoing use of the biomedical model of care in the treatment of long COVID. Findings support the need for an interdisciplinary approach to care that considers the whole person and adopts a biopsychosocial approach to care. Furthermore, the need for healthcare professionals to actively listen to, respect, validate and support the person living with long COVID on their individualised recovery journey is evident. The first author was a long COVID patient, the context and extent of this is explained within the paper. As such, this paper is developed and written primarily from the perspective of a patient, as a first-hand narrative of the recovery journey from the illness, with the insights of a clinician (second author) providing context and the potential for a broader understanding of the journey. The goal of this work is, through the dissemination of the paper's findings, to improve pathways and outcomes for others living with long COVID.

The automotive sector is undergoing a transformative period, marked by technological advancements, sustainability imperatives, and economic uncertainties. The present paper explores the intricate interplay between the choice of automobile, preference factors, and generational perspectives. This paper explores Generation Alpha's (born 2010 onward) approach to the evolving automotive landscape, focusing on their vehicle preferences and perspectives on environmental concerns. The paper examines the concept of sustainability, Industry 5.0, government policies, the role of stakeholders in promoting environmental sustainability, state and sectoral advancements, the influence of technology on vehicle adoption, factors influencing buyer behavior, and the challenges to adopting various types of vehicles. The paper's findings highlight the evolving nature of consumer preferences and the factors affecting purchase intent. It emphasizes the growing adoption of hybrid and environmentally friendly vehicles, driven by supportive government policies and their global impact. The study underlines that flexibility and subsidies for purchasing hybrid and environmentally friendly vehicles will drive transformative changes in the automobile industry soon. It also underscores the importance of innovative branding and marketing strategies to raise awareness and promote conscious decision-making in vehicle purchases and thereby drive sustainable transformation in the global automobile industry worldwide.

Study of social movements have increasingly captured the attention of social scientists, especially as powerful waves of protest continue to emerge worldwide. Since the main focus of researchers is captured by the causes of their emergence, life cycles, and structures of social movements, a critical question regarding the reasons behind the failures of social movements has not been thoroughly explored. This paper aims to address this gap by analyzing the causes of social movement failures within the specific context of contemporary Armenian society. The paper is based on sociological research, namely on the case study methodology conducted by the author from 2019 to 2023, which employs a mixed-methods approach, involving document review and key informant interviews with participants of different social movements that arose during last decade in contemporary Armenian society․ The paper's key findings highlight the multifaced challenges that social movements face in contemporary Armenian society emphasizing the complex relationship between movement’s strategy and the surrounding societal environment, indicating that the success or failure of social movements depends not only from stated goals and available resources, but also from their adaptivity to the cultural, social, and political conditions that define their environment.

The restricted intracranial volume in syndromic craniosynostosis is due to limited skull expansion caused by early fusion of multiple cranial sutures. This led to progressive increased in intracranial pressure which has long been established as the cause of optic nerve damage. Optic nerve damage secondary to the narrowing of optic canal in syndromic craniosynostosis has been reported but not comprehensively explored. The objective of this study is to predict using logistic regression the cause of optic nerve atrophy is caused by increased intracranial pressure or structural narrowing of optic canal. The study involved 11 measurements of features of the optic canals as predictor variables. A binary logistic regression and variable selection method were applied to the 11 measurements to choose the best combination of the predictors. The results show good models that could be considered a suitable representation of the data. The height at the optical cranial side is the most dominant feature in the top 20 models that specifies the syndromic patients, followed by the area and the perimeter for both optic canals, then the length of the medial wall and the diameter at the mid canal for right and left canal respectively. The paper's findings provide significant evidence for using this method as an alternative to determine if the cause of optic nerve atrophy is related to either increased intracranial pressure or narrowing optic canal structure among syndromic craniosynostosis patients, thus saving the patient from ineffective operations, additional risks, and waste of resources.

Through collaboration in the interface between social sciences, engineering, arts and humanities, this research explores how global challenges can be tackled using interdisciplinary approaches. It reviews a wide range of solutions to complex social issues using integrations of computational linguistics, law, technology, and environmental sciences. Merging diverse disciplines and drawing on key case studies from fields including precision agriculture, data protection and sustainability education is helpful for highlighting the value in merging disciplines. The findings of this systematic literature review also advance the interdisciplinary methods that significantly enriched the problem solving capabilities to provide the holistic and sustainable solutions. This reveals that working together from various disciplines leads to 30 percent more efficient methods for agricultural innovation, and 25 percent for environmental sustainability programs. Additionally, those using transdisciplinary approaches have increased ethical and social impact of technological advances by 40 percent. The paper's findings make clear as well that in order to foster innovation, technology, social sciences, and humanities must work together in equally harmonious ways, as to present solutions that are socially relevant and ethically based. The results found in this study highlight the pressing need for an interdisciplinarily based way of dealing with the developing global challenges and adds a preference for continued interdisciplinarily synergy to attain a more sustainable and equitable future.