Paper-based Survey Research Articles

Is the online ‘creating healthy eating and active environments survey' (CHEERS) tool reliable for early childhood educators in Alberta, Canada: a randomized crossover trial

BackgroundThe creating healthy eating and active environments survey (CHEERS) is an audit tool used to assess the nutrition and physical activity environment in early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres. Availability of the tool has been limited to paper-based versions. Digital health initiatives offer improved reach and immediacy of support for community-based clients through novel technology products. In order to provide increased access to the CHEERS tool, an online version was developed. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of an online version of CHEERS.MethodsUtilizing a randomized crossover design, ECEC educators completed either a paper-based or online-based survey and then the opposite mode with a two to three-week interval. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, with 95% confidence interval) was used to determine the reliability between test and retest. Absolute index of reliability in the original measurement was assessed through the standard error of measurement (SEM = SD × √1-ICC). The smallest amount of change not due to inherent variation was assessed by determining minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence level (MDC95 = SEM × 1.96 ×√2; MDC95% = MDC95/mean ×100).ResultsTest–retest reliability was good to excellent for the online-based CHEERS total score (ICC = 0.86) and for each of the four subscales: food served (ICC = 0.82), healthy eating environment (ICC = 0.76), program planning (ICC = 0.76), and physical activity environment (ICC = 0.79). The SEM, MDC95, and MDC95% for the CHEERS overall score were 0.79, 2.19, and 9.6%, respectively.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate that the online-based and paper-based versions of the CHEERS audit tool share comparable accuracy. The CHEERS tool can be reliably implemented in an online environment and this provides users an alternative means to complete the centre-based health assessment. The advantage of the online-based version includes user accessibility and the potential to develop a feedback response for participants using digitally collected data.

Telemedicine Use and the Perceived Risk of COVID-19: Patient Experience.

The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in an increased demand for telemedicine worldwide. Telemedicine is a technology-based virtual platform that allows the exchange of clinical data and images over remote distances. This study aims to examine the impact of the perceived risk of COVID-19 on telemedicine use in Bangladesh. This explanatory study was conducted in hospital settings across Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Patients were eligible to participate if they were aged 18 years or over and had used telemedicine in a hospital at least once since the COVID-19 outbreak. Outcome variables included sociodemographic, the perceived risk of COVID-19, and telehealth use. Study data were collected using an online and paper-based survey. A total of 550 patients participated in this study, mostly male (66.4%), single (58.2%), and highly educated (74.2%). The means of the different domains of telemedicine use reflected a high degree of perceived benefit, accessibility, and satisfaction but a lower degree of privacy and discomfort, care personnel expertise, and usability. COVID 19 perceived risk predicted between 13.0% and 26.6% of variance in telemedicine domains, while the effects of demographic variables were controlled or removed. The perceived risk of COVID-19 was negatively correlated with privacy and discomfort, as well as care personnel concerns. Low and high levels of perceived COVID-19 risk were less likely to encourage the use of telemedicine as a risk reduction tool. The participants were mainly satisfied with telemedicine, finding it beneficial and accessible; however, many were concerned about privacy, care personnel expertise, and its usability. The perceived risk of COVID-19 was a strong predictor (contributor) of telemedicine use, suggesting that risk perception can be used to encourage telemedicine use as a risk reduction strategy during pandemics; however, a medium level of risk was more promising.

Hospital organizational change: The importance of teamwork culture, communication, and change readiness.

Hospital organizational change can be a challenging time, especially when staff do not feel informed and ready for the change to come. A supportive workplace culture can mitigate the negative effects allowing for a smooth transition during hospital organizational change. In this paper, we test an exploratory path model by which teamwork culture influences staff attitudes in feeling informed and ready for change, and which are ultimately related to reduced staff burnout. We also examined different types of change communication, identifying the channels that were perceived as most useful for communicating organizational change. In 2019, a cross-sectional online and paper-based survey of all staff (clinical and non-clinical) was conducted at a hospital undergoing major organizational change in Sydney, Australia. The survey included items regarding teamwork culture, communication (feeling informed, communication channels), change readiness (appropriateness, change efficacy), and burnout. With a sample size of 153 (62% clinical staff), regression and path analyses were used to examine relationships between variables. The total effects between teamwork culture and burnout was significant [β (Total) = -0.37, p < 0.001) and explained through a serial mediation. This relationship was found to be mediated by three factors (feeling informed, appropriateness of change and change efficacy) in a full mediation. Further, change readiness (appropriateness of change and change efficacy) mediated the relationship between feeling informed and burnout. The most useful channels of change communication included face-to-face informal communication, emails, and a newsletter specifically about the change. Overall, the results supported the predicted hypotheses and were consistent with past research. In the context of large hospital change, staff with a positive teamwork culture who feel informed are more likely to feel change-ready, heightening the chances of successful organizational change and potentially reducing staff burnout. Understanding the pathways on how culture and communication related to burnout during organizational change provides an explanatory pathway that can be used to heighten the chances of a smooth change transition with minimal disruption to staff and patient care.

Factors associated with sharing equipment among people who inject drugs: The role of community attachment in harm reduction and health promotion.

Sharing injecting equipment is a major route of transmission for blood borne viruses such as hepatitis C and HIV. Although needle and syringe programs are widely available throughout metropolitan Australia, rates of sharing equipment have not significantly changed in recent years. This study aimed to identify factors associated with recent equipment sharing among people who inject drugs in Australia. A paper-based survey was distributed via peer-based organisations between June and November 2018 and was completed by 603 participants. Survey questions addressed recent injecting experiences, equipment sharing, community attachment, stigma and wellbeing. Participants who had recently shared injecting equipment were compared with those who had not shared any equipment using multivariable logistic regression. Recent equipment sharing was associated with recent heroin use, experiencing any past-year stigma related to injecting drug use, and higher levels of attachment to a community of people who inject drugs. An interaction effect showed increased community attachment was associated with increased odds of sharing equipment among young participants, but with decreased odds of sharing equipment among older participants. Community networks of people who inject drugs can play important roles in harm reduction initiatives. While being connected with a community of people who inject drugs increased the odds of sharing injecting equipment, this community connection also increases opportunities for social support, sharing information and mitigating the negative effects of stigma. Collaboratively and meaningfully engaging with communities of people who inject drugs has the potential to increase the reach and effectiveness of health promotion services.

Association of awareness and use of patient navigation services for colorectal cancer screening with test completion and likelihood of future use.

61 Background: Although several guideline-recommended colorectal cancer (CRC) screening modalities have been shown to reduce CRC incidence and mortality, adherence remains below U.S. public health goals. Patient navigation services have been shown to improve CRC screening completion. Patient navigation services, including outbound phone, text, and e-mail reminders, and inbound phone support (&gt;200 languages) are included with all mt-sDNA test (Cologuard) orders. A website and financial assistance (upon request and qualification) are also available for patients. We developed a survey, informed by behavioral theory, to identify psychosocial and communication factors associated with completion of mt-sDNA screening including questions to evaluate awareness and use of navigation services. Methods: Adults aged 45-75 years, with a US postal address, who received a valid order for mt-sDNA screening between 5/21-9/21 were eligible for sampling. RTI administered the survey between 3/22-6/22. Participants had the option to complete electronic- or paper-based surveys. We conducted crosstabulation with Chi Square to assess whether awareness and use of navigation services was significantly associated with (a) test completion within 6 months of the order date and (b) likelihood of future mt-sDNA use. Results: 2,973 participants completed the survey (RR= 21.7%; 65.15% by web and 34.85% by paper). Responders and non-responders did not differ significantly by age or sex. For each navigation service, awareness was significantly higher among those who completed the mt-sDNA test compared to those did not. Across all services, awareness was significantly higher among respondents reporting they were ‘very likely’ to complete mt-sDNA if recommended by a healthcare provider in the future than all other responses combined. A significantly higher proportion of completers (vs. non-completers) reported receiving the email reminder, using the Cologuard website, and using the English language inbound phone support. A significantly higher proportion of those “very likely” to complete mt-sDNA screening in the future reported receiving the email reminder, using the Cologuard website, and using the English language inbound phone support. Conclusions: Awareness and use of patient navigation services was associated with higher completion of the mt-sDNA test and with greater likelihood of future mt-sDNA test use. Patient navigation services comprised of evidence-based strategies, such as reminders, support patient adherence to CRC screening.

Revealing the significant shortcomings in the learning environment at the three largest medical schools in Syria: what’s next?

BackgroundMedical education in Syria still adopts a traditional, teacher-centered curriculum to this day. These elements imply the existence of issues in the learning environment (LE). This study aims to provide the first evaluation of the LE at the largest medical schools in Syria using the DREEM inventory.MethodsThe three largest medical schools in Syria are the ones at Damascus University (DU), University of Aleppo (AU), Tishreen University (TU). The Arabic version of the DREEM questionnaire was used. Students across all years of study except year 1 were approached. Both paper-based and electronic surveys were conducted.ResultsA total of 1774 questionnaire forms were completed (DU:941, AU:533, TU: 300). The overall DREEM score at DU, AU, and TU were 100.8 ± 28.7, 101.3 ± 31.7, and 97.8 ± 35.7 respectively with no significant difference (P = 0.254) between the three universities. DREEM subscales concerning Learning, Atmosphere, Academic Self-perception and Social Self-perception had a low score across all universities. Clinical-stage students reported significantly lower perception (P ≤ 0.001) of the LE in comparison to their pre-clinical counterparts across all subscales.ConclusionsThe findings of this study highlight the significant shortcomings of the medical LE in Syria. If not addressed properly, the academic, clinical, and professional competence of the healthcare workforce will continue to deteriorate. Moreover, the negative LE might be a predisposing factor for medical students’ exodus. The Syrian medical education system requires leaders who are willing to defy the status quo to achieve a true educational transformation.

Exploring the Role of ChatGPT and social media in Enhancing Student Evaluation of Teaching Styles in Higher Education Using Neutrosophic Sets

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of how Chat GPT and social media can be used as tools for capturing real-time student feedback on teaching styles in higher education. The study employs neutrosophic sets to deal with the uncertainties and ambiguities that arise in student evaluation data. Traditional methods of evaluating teaching styles in higher education, such as paper-based surveys, may not fully capture the nuanced experiences of students in the classroom. Recent advancements in chatbots, such as ChatGPT, and the growing use of social media platforms offer new opportunities for more efficient and effective methods of evaluating teaching styles. However, there are significant challenges in using these technologies, including the handling of indeterminate and uncertain data. Neutrosophic sets provide a mathematical framework for handling ambiguity and uncertainty in data and can be used to better capture the complex and multifaceted aspects of student experiences in the classroom. Additionally, the use of chatbots and social media platforms raises practical and ethical concerns that must be addressed in the evaluation process. This study aims to explore the role of ChatGPT and social media in enhancing student evaluation of teaching styles in higher education using neutrosophic sets, while also addressing the practical and ethical challenges that arise from their use.

Availability and nature of cardiac rehabilitation by province in Iran: A 2018 update of ICCPR's global audit

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is scantly available in Iran, although it is the cost-benefit strategy in cardiac patients, It has not been established how CR is delivered within Iran. This study aimed to determine: (a) availability, density and unmet need for CR, and (b) nature of CR services in Iran by province. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional sub-study of the global CR audit, program availability was determined through cardiovascular networks. An online survey was then disseminated to these programs in June 2016–2017 which assessed capacity and characteristics; a paper-based survey was disseminated in 2018 to nonresponding and any new programs. CR density and need was computed based on annual incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in each province. Results: Of the 31 provinces, 12 (38.7%) had CR services. There were 30 programs nationally, all in capital cities; of these, programs in 9 (75.0%) provinces, specifically 22 (73.3%) programs, participated. The national CR density is 1 spot per 7 incident AMI patients/year. Unmet need is greatest in Khuzestan, Tehran and west Azerbaijan, with 44,816 more spots needed/year. Most programs assessed cardiovascular risk factors, and offered comprehensive services, delivered by a multi-disciplinary team, comprised chiefly of nurses, dietitians and cardiologists. Median dose is 14 sessions/program in supervised programs. A third of programs offered home-based services. Conclusion: Where programs do exist in IRAN, they are generally delivered in accordance with guidelines. Therefore, we must increase capacity in CR services in all provinces to improve secondary prevention services.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Pharmacy Student Stress During High-Stakes, Performance-Based Assessments in Skills-Based Courses

Objective. To compare stress levels of pharmacy students in high-stakes, performance-based assessments administered during skills-based laboratory courses in normal classroom environments versus pandemic classroom environments impacted by COVID-19.Methods. In 2019, prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students' stress levels were assessed via a voluntary, paper-based survey before and after performance-based assessments. Students were given a modified version of this survey in 2020 during the pandemic. The 2019 and 2020 survey responses were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests.Results. Pharmacy students reported higher perceived stress levels before performance-based assessments (3.8 vs 3.5) and after performance-based assessments (2.8 vs 2.5) prior to the pandemic compared to during the pandemic. Students identified stress as negatively impacting their performance-based assessment performance in both years (3.4 vs 3.1). Students had similar interest in wellness activities in both phases.Conclusion. Colleges of pharmacy should consider implementing stress relief programs around high-stakes assessments as well as prioritizing wellness initiatives within curricula.

Advancing travel demand surveys using a new generation smartphone-based platform: Applications and users’ experience

Building on technological progress, travel survey methods have evolved to utilise smartphones for better data collection of individual-level travel data with less environmental impact. MobyApp platform is a tool that can replace paper-based travel demand surveys, advance online surveys, and improve the experience of participants. It is designed to collect detailed multi-day data on travel and activity patterns for use in urban and transport planning, modelling, and analysis. The objective of this paper is three-fold: 1.to present the capabilities of the state-of-the-art MobyApp that advances the travel demand survey methods, 2.to describe how the platform was utilised to host travel demand surveys within the HARMONY project in Turin Urban Area (IT); 3.to elaborate on the quality of the collected data for transport modelling purposes, and the experience of users using this survey tool.

The association of workplace violence with personal and work unit demographics, and its impact on nurse outcomes in the KwaZulu-Natal Province

AimTo examine the association of workplace violence (WPV) with personal and work unit demographics, as well as the relationship between WPV and nurse outcomes (job and career satisfaction, job and career turnover intention and mental and physical well-being) in the KwaZulu-Natal province. BackgroundNurses are one of the population groups most susceptible to personal and physical WPV, and the association between WPV and nurse outcomes is well established. However, research in Africa is limited. MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional survey design was applied. Multiphase sampling was used to select (n = 405) nurses in KZN. Data was collected in April to August 2021 using self-report paper-based surveys in the public sector, and online self-report surveys in the private sector. ResultsThe nurses in this study report the most dissatisfaction with appreciation and rewards, about a fifth intend to leave their jobs and many present with sub-optimal physical and mental health. Personal and physical WPV had a medium to large correlation with all nurse outcomes, and nurses exposed to WPV had 2–3 times higher odds of experiencing poor nurse outcomes. Personal demographics, namely years worked as a nurse, years worked in current hospital, and having a clinical specialty were significantly associated with WPV. Work unit demographics, namely the healthcare sector worked in, the shift worked, rating of the practice environment, and the perpetrators were also significantly associated with WPV. ConclusionsPractice environments should be examined and initiatives to support nurses should be implemented, in the form of education, training and mentoring. Nurse managers should respond proactively and manage complaints of WPV, to create an environment of zero tolerance.

Perceptions of Dental Students t ceptions of Dental Students toward Dentistr d Dentistry and Difficulties y and Difficulties They Face during Pr ace during Preclinical Oper eclinical Operative Dentistr e Dentistry Education ducation

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the attitudes of dental students toward dentistry and the difficulties they face during their preclinical operative dentistry education, especially its practical aspect. Methods: About 100 third-year dental students answered a paper-based survey questionnaire (response rate = 90.90%), which was prepared and distributed in April 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 (IBM SPSS, Turkey), and a one-way ANOVA test was used to determine the students’ competence for patient treatment based on their difficulty scores. Results: No statistically significant relationship was identified between the participants’ difficulty scores and grade point averages (p &gt; 0.05). The students who felt ready for their clinical dental education phase—due the following year—had statistically significant lower difficulty scores than those who felt incompetent and uncertain (p: 0.005; p &lt; 0.05). Notably, there was no statistically significant difference in the difficulty scores (p &gt; 0.05) between the participants who felt incompetent and uncertain. Conclusion: Dental practice plays an important role in preclinical operative dentistry education. Therefore, dental students should be adequately prepared for operative preclinical practice, which can be achieved by offering more preclinical practice through collaboration with educators.

Residual limb support devices on wheelchairs for people with transtibial amputations: A scoping review and survey of rehabilitation professionals in Nova Scotia.

To determine what research evidence exists for the use of residual limb supports (RLSs) for people with transtibial amputations and to describe clinicians' use of such supports in Nova Scotia. Scoping review of published and gray literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews as a guide and an anonymous online and paper-based clinician survey. We identified 22 publications meeting criteria for review. Seventeen (77%) of the publications were practice guidelines or systematic reviews about care of people with lower-limb amputations, 4 (18%) involved research about the design of stump supports, and 1 (5%) researched the use of supports. Generally, the use of RLSs was recommended (e.g., to prevent contractures, control edema, and to provide comfort), but many authors acknowledged that the evidence was weak, and additional evidence in support of these treatment goals could not be found. We received 44 survey responses from health care professionals involved with the care of people with transtibial amputations in Nova Scotia. Of the 43 health care professionals who responded to the question "… what percent of patients/clients with transtibial amputations do you estimate receive stump supports …," the mean (standard deviation) was 86.1% (21.1). The most common reasons for recommending a stump support were to prevent knee contracture (38 [86.4%]), and to prevent swelling (13 [29.5%]). Most clinicians who provide services to people with amputations in Nova Scotia believe that RLSs have benefits such as the prevention of contractures, the reduction of edema, and improved patient comfort. However, there is little high-quality research evidence to support their use. There is a need to perform the necessary research or to modify practice guidelines.

Investigating the Willingness and Perception of Participants in Responding to Electronic and Manual Quality Assurance Surveys: The Case of Colleges of Education in Ghana

Quality Assurance (QA) offices in Ghanaian Colleges of Education are a key component that facilitates institutional accreditation and reaccreditation. To constantly evaluate institutional activities and ascertain feedback from stakeholders for decision-making, these offices make use of questionnaires and interviews to collect data. Most colleges now turn to use web-based QA surveys instead of the usual manual or paper-based survey administering mode due to the increasing number of enrolments. This evidence-based process relies on the regular gathering of accurate enough data. Response rates may however be affected by the survey mode used and this affects the decision made based on this data. This study examined the perception of the participant towards the survey modes, and identified their perceived preference and the factors that underpin this preference for the survey mode. A questionnaire was used to achieve the study’s objectives with the targeted population comprising of tutors and students in the Ghanaian public colleges of education. The study evidenced the preferred QA survey mode as electronic-based surveys and factors that determines participants preferred QA survey mode as anonymity of the response and easiness or quickness of the surveys to respond to.

The Relationships Between Patient Experience with Nursing Care, Patient Satisfaction and Patient Loyalty: A Structural Equation Modeling.

When creating and managing patient loyalty, medical institutes always focus on medical technicians, overall healthcare quality, and hospital brands, and the role of nursing seems to be underappreciated. Empirical evidence about the relationship between patient experience with nursing care and patient loyalty is limited, especially in the Chinese healthcare system. This study aimed to explore to what extent patient experience with nursing care influences patient loyalty to the hospital and the impact routes. This study is a multicenter cross-sectional survey. The STROBE was selected as the checklist in this study. Patient experience with nursing care, patient satisfaction and patient loyalty were collected from 1469 inpatients in three hospitals in China through a paper-based survey. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software; a structural equation model was established to explore the effect of patient experience with nursing care and satisfaction on patient loyalty using the PROCESS macro. There were significant direct and indirect effects between patient experience with nursing care and patient loyalty, explaining 32.0% of patient loyalty variance. Patient experience with nursing care had a direct and positive impact on patient loyalty (β=0.298, P<0.01), and better patient experience with nursing care was directly associated with better patient loyalty. In addition, the results also revealed the effect of patient experience with nursing care on patient loyalty was partially mediated by patient satisfaction with nursing care and overall hospital services (β=0.162, P<0.01). This study confirmed the importance of nursing care in creating patient loyalty; improving the patient experience with nursing care would be beneficial to patient loyalty. When creating patient loyalty, hospital administrators and nursing managers should make efforts to develop positive patient experience of nursing care in daily clinical practice through organizational changes, culture shaping and staff education.

Undergraduate food insecurity, mental health, and substance use behaviors.

Objective: Recent epidemiological research has found food insecurity to be a growing public health concern among college students. This study investigated food insecurity, mental health, and substance use behaviors among state university undergraduate students. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the Student Health Survey. Undergraduate participants (n = 589) completed the paper-based survey, which had an 84% response rate overall. Results: Approximately 38.5% of students were considered food insecure, 24.8% experiencing low food security, and 13.8% experiencing very low food security. Having a diagnosis of depression, experience of depressive symptoms, and marijuana use in the past 30 days were associated with food insecurity. Conclusion and Implications: Food insecurity is a serious health concern for college students. The results of this study indicate collocating food security and counseling services may enhance existing student resources to better support students facing food and nutrition insecurity, substance use, and depression.

Employability skills of the next generation of Chinese factory workers

PurposeThe main purpose of this study was to develop and test an employability scale in a Chinese context. Moreover, the authors investigated how socioeconomic status indicators (education and occupation of parents, household income and hukou, i.e. household registration location) affect the endowment and development of adolescents' employability skills in China.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via paper-based surveys from 1,146 vocational school students in rural and urban areas in China at two points in time one year apart. The authors developed a scale to measure employability skills in China and conducted general linear modeling to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings indicate that adolescents whose parents have more education, highly skilled occupations, relatively affluent household income and urban hukou are more likely to attain higher employability skills than those from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds. Moreover, adolescents with these background characteristics tend to improve their employability skills more than those without such characteristics. This suggests that social capital may further widen the inequality gap among adolescents.Research limitations/implicationsThe framework of employability skills focuses on the general basic transferable employability skills of vocational students. Future studies could develop measures of employability skills for college graduates and widen the measurements of social capital based on the study’s findings. The findings suggest that higher education institutions should be encouraged to integrate resources to improve education inequality between rural and urban regions to the disparity in adolescents' employability skills development.Originality/valueBuilding on Western frameworks, the study defines and develops an employability scale in the Chinese context that can be a practical measurement tool for researchers, educators and policymakers. The authors investigated the endowment and development of employability skills in relation to social capital. Exposure to social capital tends to affect an individual's skills and capability development at an early stage, and in the long term, this calls attention to access to quality education between rural and urban youth.

Media Influence, Trust, and the Public Adoption of Automated Vehicles

Automated vehicles (AVs) have received attention from academia and industry due to their numerous advantages, including safety, efficient mobility, and convenience. One of the biggest challenges to the mass implementation of AVs is public acceptance. This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the public’s intention to adopt AVs. Based on social cognitive theory, a theoretical model was developed with the constructs of social media (e.g., WeChat, Weibo, and TikTok) influence, traditional media (e.g., television, radio, and newspapers) influence, subjective norms, self-efficacy, perceived safety and privacy risks, trust, and behavioral intentions. The data were collected from Changsha, China, through web- and paper-based surveys. A total of 964 responses was collected to test the hypothesized model through the partial least squares path modeling approach. The results revealed that the public’s trust and intention to adopt AVs are more likely to increase through positive information on social and traditional media, strengthening subjective norms and self-efficacy, and reducing perceived safety risks. The study’s findings can be useful for establishing intervention strategies and managerial applications to enhance the public’s trust and intentions to adopt AVs.

Video-based Marungko Approach in Grade 7 Blended Remedial Reading: An Action Research

the study focused on the use of the Video-based Marungko Approach in Grade 7 Blended Remedial Reading.This study used a quantitative descriptive research design wherein a purposive sampling technique was used through paper-based and online surveys. The teacher-respondents will be the researchers themselves as the implementer of the intervention. The research locale, Punta Princesa National High School is a large school with SBM Level II Implementer adopted modular learning modality in its K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum as part of its learning continuity plan amidst COVID-19, the researchers choose to test the video-based strategy in the said locale to aid in the blended distance learning of the learners for the 4th quarter of School Year 2021-2022. The study yielded that the video-based Marungko Approach remedial reading strategy posted significant differences in the performance of the respondents. Since the overall result suggests a significant difference in learners’ performance, from Frustration to Instructional level based on Phil-IRI standards thus, a suitable opportunity for learners to develop their reading comprehension even outside the school premises and during their convenient study time.

Differences in Demographics of Vaccinees, Access to, and Satisfaction with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Procedures between German General Practices and Mass Vaccination Centers.

In the European Union, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines became available in December 2020. The vaccination campaign in Germany was initially implemented through mass vaccination centers and later joined by general practitioners (GPs) in spring 2021. This study compared population characteristics, perceived access barriers, and satisfaction with the vaccination procedure between vaccination centers and GP practices. A paper-based survey was distributed (07/2021-10/2021) among newly vaccinated individuals in ten GP practices (n = 364) and two vaccine centers (n = 474). Participants in vaccine centers were younger compared to participants in GP practices. GP preference was higher in older participants and those with pre-existing illnesses. Wait time at vaccination site was longer in GP practices, whereas travel distance to site was longer for participants in vaccine centers. However, satisfaction with patient education and recommendation of site were more likely with increasing comprehensibility of the vaccination procedure and physicians' information as well as perceived sufficiency of patient education duration, factors that can be easily modified by all vaccination sites. Our results demonstrate that both types of vaccination sites complement each other in terms of accessibility and target population and that satisfaction with the vaccination procedure can be promoted at all sites by an easy-to-understand process.