Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus Research Articles

Effect of taurine supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, antioxidant status, digestive enzyme activity, and metabolic enzyme activity in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fed fish-meal- and plant-protein-based diets

ABSTRACT Objective The study contrasts the effects of dietary taurine in plant-based and fish-meal (FM)-based diets for Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Methods Four isoproteic (∼300 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (∼60 g/kg crude lipid) diets were prepared containing FM without (FMF) and with addition of 15 g taurine per kilogram of feed (FMT) and plant ingredients without (PPF) and with addition of 15 g taurine per kilogram feed (PPT). In total, 16 tubs with 100-L capacity were used and four tubs were allocated under each dietary treatment. Fifteen Striped Catfish (average weight 6.3 ± 0.04 g) were randomly distributed in the tubs and fed twice daily up to satiation for a period of 60 d. Results The fish that were fed with the FMT diet showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) final weight and weight gain among the treatments, followed by FMF and PPT, which exhibited similar final weight and weight gain. Feed conversion ratios for FMF and PPT were alike and significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those for the PPF diet. The whole-body crude protein and ash were higher in the FMT group. The serum parameters such as hemoglobulin, total protein, albumin, and globulin were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the FMT group, followed by the FMF and PPT diets, which showed similar activity. Taurine supplementation in both FM- and plant-based diets increased antioxidant enzyme activity in fish liver and intestine. The lowest lipid peroxidation activity was observed in the FMT diet. Digestive enzyme levels in the PPT diet were comparable to those with the FMF diet but significantly lower than those with the FMT diet. Taurine-enriched plant diets showed metabolic enzyme activity levels that were similar to those observed in the FM diets. Conclusions The study highlights that the blend of plant ingredients and taurine matches FM-based diets in supporting growth, nutrient utilization, antioxidant and digestive enzyme activity, and metabolic function in pangasius.

Addition of Eco Enzyme to Feed for Growth of Siamese Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Addition of Eco Enzyme to Feed for Growth of Siamese Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Texture, Sensory, and Fillet Color Differences Among Commercially Available United States Farmed Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and Hybrid Catfish (Channel Catfish ♀ × Blue Catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) ♂) and Imported Vietnamese Swai (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the texture, flavor, and color of commercially available frozen catfish fillets, including channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), hybrid catfish, and swai (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), with and without sodium phosphate treatment. Genetic testing confirmed the species' identity. Untreated fillets were redder, while phosphate-treated fillets were softer and less firm. Control swai exhibited the firmest and toughest texture, whereas phosphate-treated fillets were mushiest, as confirmed by mechanical and sensory analyses. Sensory panels noted phosphate-treated fillets as significantly softer than untreated counterparts. This study highlights texture differences between Ictalurus and Pangasianodon catfish, with swai demonstrating a chewier, firmer texture overall.

Genomic diversity and evolutionary patterns of Edwardsiella ictaluri affecting farmed striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in Vietnam over 20 years.

Edwardsiella ictaluri continues to pose a significant risk to the health and production of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in Vietnam. Whilst recent advances in genomic sequencing provide an insight into the global genomic diversity of this important fish pathogen, genome-wide analysis of Vietnamese isolates recovered over time is lacking. In this study, we used a whole-genome sequencing approach to compare the genomes of 31 E. ictaluri isolates recovered over a 20-year period (2001-2021) and performed comparative genomic analysis to explore temporal changes in genome diversity, population structure and mechanisms driving pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance. Our findings revealed an open pan-genome with 4148 genes and a core genome (3 060 genes) accounting for over two-thirds of the genome. Moreover, we found the genomes sequenced to classify into two distinct lineages and estimated the ancestral origin of these lineages within Vietnam to date back to the 1950s. Plasmids were highly prevalent in Vietnamese E. ictaluri, with isolates harbouring up to four plasmids within their genome. Further, a diverse mobilome was observed with nine different plasmid types detected across the genome collection. Exploration of putative plasmids revealed a diverse set of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) against key antibiotics used in Vietnamese aquaculture and virulence genes associated with protein secretion systems. Correlation analysis revealed the total number of ARGs detected in genomes to increase with isolate recovery time. Whilst the number of virulence genes remained relatively stable, temporal variation was noted in several virulence factors related to motility and immune system modulation. Findings from this study highlight the need for continued genomic surveillance to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance and pathogenesis, to help inform the development of disease control and management strategies.

Effectiveness of the Edwardsiella ictaluri whole-cell vaccine in controlling enteric septicemia of catfish disease in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Effectiveness of the Edwardsiella ictaluri whole-cell vaccine in controlling enteric septicemia of catfish disease in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Impact of genetic and genomic factors on host traits in striped catfish infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri

Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to sustainable agricultural production. While conventional quantitative genetic theory has successfully enhanced the resistance of animal individuals or populations, it fails to consider epidemiological factors. As a result, it may not adequately capture the maximum genetic gains in selected populations. This study aims to address this limitation by employing a genetic-epidemiological model that enables the estimation of genetic parameters for three host traits: susceptibility, infectivity, and recovery (or removal/mortality). We conducted our analysis on a population of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) exposed to the Edwardsiella ictaluri pathogen, which causes bacillary necrosis of pangasius (BNP) disease, through challenge test experiments using injection and cohabitation methods. A total of 560 individuals (490 offspring and 70 parents) were evaluated for disease resistance, measured as the time (in days) from the challenge test to death. Our analysis using the genetic-epidemiological model revealed significant heritability in the epidemiological host traits. The genetic variances for infectivity were found to be greater than those for susceptibility and mortality. Additionally, genetic correlations of susceptibility with infectivity and mortality were moderate and negative, while those between infectivity and mortality were positive. Significant SNPs obtained from our genome-wide scan exhibited small additive genetic and non-significant (or incomplete) dominant effects, suggesting polygenic nature of epidemiological host traits. Genomic prediction accuracies for the transition time between susceptibility and infectivity, as well between infectivity and mortality were moderate to high (0.16 – 0.73). These findings suggest promising prospects for improving epidemiological host traits in genetic programs to enhance the overall resilience of the striped catfish population. The selection index approach yielded a predicted genetic gain ranging from 5.5 – 10.3% per generation for the epidemiological host traits. The accuracy of the selection index was moderate (0.585). Our study provides fundamental genetic parameters for modelling alternative selection strategies aimed at increasing disease resilience to infectious diseases in striped catfish and other aquaculture species.

A Comprehensive Assessment of Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metal Through Ingestion of Two Predominant Fish Species in a Developing Country.

The existence of heavy metal pollutants in fish within aquatic ecosystems presents a threat to human health due to trophic shift. This research sought to identify the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) in two economically significant cultured fish species, pangus (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and catla (Labeo catla), which were sourced from key fish markets in Khulna, Bangladesh. Nevertheless, there has been a scarcity of studies addressing the metal concentrations in these species within this region. To evaluate the levels of trace elements, atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was employed following the acid digestion of the samples. The concentrations of Cd, As, Cu, Pb, and Cr were observed as 0.372, 0.232, 0.741, 0.758, and 1.356mg/kg in pangus and 0.395, 0.297, 1.175, 0.616, and 0.959mg/kg in catla fish, respectively. The concentrations of Pb and Cd exceeded the maximum permissible limits established by the FAO and WHO. Apart from Cu, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) for both seasons and age groups exceeded the recommended daily allowance (RDA), indicating that other trace elements could be detrimental to human health. In contrast, the calculated hazard index (HI) and total hazard quotient (THQ) remained below 1, suggesting that the fish examined would not pose health risks to adults but the HI value for children surpassed the acceptable limit. Moreover, Cd (for adult group) and Cd and Cr (for children group) surpassed the acceptable range for carcinogenic risk (CR), and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) exceeded the permissible limit for both groups. This study concluded that studied fishes may represent a health risk for consumers, underscoring the necessity for ongoing monitoring of trace elements in other fish species within that catchment area.

Effect of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) for cartilage thickness and chondrocyte count in mice (Mus musculus)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration. Nutritional interventions, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), have shown potential in slowing cartilage degradation. Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is a rich source of omega-3 PUFAs and essential amino acids, which may support cartilage health and regeneration. A post-test-only control group design was implemented using 50 male mice (Mus musculus), randomly assigned to either a control group (standard diet) or a treatment group (striped catfish-supplemented diet). The intervention lasted for eight weeks. Cartilage thickness and chondrocyte count were measured histologically using ImageJ software, and statistical significance was determined using independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. The treatment group exhibited significantly increased cartilage thickness (p < 0.001) and chondrocyte count (p < 0.001) compared to controls. These findings suggest that the nutrients in striped catfish enhance cartilage metabolism, reduce inflammation, and support extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity. Striped catfish supplementation demonstrates significant benefits for cartilage health, potentially aiding in OA management. Future research should explore optimal dosages and long-term effects to further validate these findings.

Medicinal plant-product encapsulated with herb-hydrogel for ammonia removal and stress alleviation in semi-biofloc system containing aquaponics water cultured with Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Medicinal plant-product encapsulated with herb-hydrogel for ammonia removal and stress alleviation in semi-biofloc system containing aquaponics water cultured with Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Potential Keratinase-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Pangasius (<i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>) Farms Fed with Poultry Waste

Keratinase-producing bacteria degrade keratin, a tough protein found in feathers, hair, nails, and other keratinized materials. Mud, water, and fish samples from ten poultry waste-fed, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus farms in Palakkad and Alappuzha districts of Kerala, India, were screened for keratinolytic bacteria. Among 116 proteolytic isolates, 6.9% showed keratinolytic activity on feather meal agar. Three isolates namely FWKB1, FMKB1 and FMKB2 were identified as having good keratinolytic potential. FMKB1 and FMKB2 isolated from soil samples in Palakkad were identified as Bacillus subtilis, while FWKB1 isolated from a water sample in Alappuzha was identified as Exiguobacterium profundum. In vitro enzyme assays revealed that FMKB1 and FMKB2 produced 53.2 U/mL and 66.8 U/mL of keratinase enzyme, respectively within 24h of incubation at 37°C. A direct keratinase assay with raw feathers exhibited 72.8 U/mL enzyme production by a combination of FMKB1 and FMKB2, completely degrading raw feathers within 45 days at 37°C. Characterisation of exo-enzyme production revealed the absence of lipase, gelatinase, and amylase enzymes. Haemolysis, Congo red binding, biofilm formation and the production of AHL signalling molecule were not detected in the bacterial isolates tested. These isolates can be promoted as environmental probiotics in aquaculture farms for waste management and protein recycling.

A Double-Gene Metabarcoding Approach for the Authentication of Shrimp Surimi-Based Products.

Shrimp surimi-based products (SSPs) are composed of minced shrimp meat and are highly susceptible to food fraud as fish surimi. This study employed a double-gene metabarcoding approach to authenticate SSPs sold on Chinese e-commerce platforms. 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced from 24 SSPs. Mislabeling was evaluated based on the correspondence between the ingredients (only those of animal origin) reported on the products' labels and the molecular results. Overall, 87.50% of SSPs (21/24) were found to be mislabeled. The replacement of Penaeus vannamei with other shrimp species was particularly noteworthy. Interestingly, in some SSPs, the primary species detected in terms of sequence abundance were not shrimp but fish, pork, chicken, and cephalopods, raising concerns regarding both health risks and ethical issues related to SSP consumption. The 12S rRNA sequencing results revealed that fish species like Gadus chalcogrammus, Evynnis tumifrons, and Priacanthus arenatus were added to some SSPs in significant proportions, with certain products relying on fish priced from "Low" to "High" levels to substitute higher-cost shrimp. Notably, many fish species in SSPs were highly vulnerable to fishing, raising sustainability concerns. Overall, the high mislabeling rate in SSPs, as well as the detection of endangered fish species (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), underscores significant quality control issues. DNA metabarcoding has proven to be an effective tool for ingredient authentication in processed seafood.

Integrating immunity, antioxidative status, and gene regulation against nickel and high-temperature stress in fish: selenium nanoparticles for mitigation.

Fish face health hazards due to high-temperature (T) stress and the toxicity associated with nickel (Ni), both of which can occur in aquatic ecosystems. The accumulation of nickel in fish may pose risks to human health when contaminated fish are consumed. Consequently, the goal of this study was to clarify how selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) help Pangasianodon hypophthalmus by reducing the effects of nickel and high-temperature stress. The fish were reared under different experimental conditions as follows: a control group (no exposure to Ni and T, and fed a control diet); a group concurrently exposed to Ni and T while fed a control diet; and groups concurrently exposed to Ni and T while being fed supplemented diets with Se-NPs at 0.5mgkg-1 and 1.0mgkg-1 for 38days. The growth performance of fish exposed to nickel and high-temperature (Ni + T) stress was significantly improved by supplementation with selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) at 0.5mgkg-1. This supplementation also upregulated the expression of growth hormone (GH) and growth hormone receptor (GHR1) genes, while considerably downregulating the myostatin (MYST) gene. Fish subjected to Ni + T stress exhibited markedly elevated cortisol levels, which were notably reduced by Se-NPs at 0.5mgkg-1. Moreover, Se-NPs at 0.5mgkg-1 significantly downregulated the expression of stress-related genes, including Caspase 3a (Cas 3a), CYP450, iNOS, and HSP70. Fish fed Se-NPs supplemented diet and exposed to Ni + T stress demonstrated enhanced levels of TNFα and total immunoglobulins, indicating an improved immune response. Dietary Se-NPs also led to a significant reduction in oxidative stress markers, such as glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, in stressed fish. While Ni + T stress reduced acetylcholine esterase activity, dietary Se-NPs restored these activities. Furthermore, the inclusion of Se-NPs in the diet markedly enhanced the detoxification of nickel in various fish tissues. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with Se-NPs at 0.5mgkg-1 effectively mitigates the adverse effects of Ni + T stress in fish by modulating gene expression, alleviating cellular metabolic stress, and enhancing physiological functions.

Replacement of fishmeal with Quinoa Husk (Chenopodium quinoa) for mitigating multiple stresses in Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus

The fishmeal is boon for aquaculture production in this recent pollution and climate change era. However, the demand of fishmeal is enhancing in many folds which needs to find alternative to fishmeal in cheap price. The present investigation addresses these issues with quinoa husk (QH). An experiment was performed to evaluate replacement of fishmeal by QH in different proportionate at 0, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35%. The study was designed with 12 treatments as control, stressors group (concurrent exposed to ammonia, arsenic and high temperature stress, NH3+As+T), group fed with QH at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35% without and with stressors (NH3+As+T) in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus for 105 days. The optimization of QH dose for growth performance such as food conversion ratio, growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate with respect to protein percentage and obtained 26%. The oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in gill, kidney and liver tissues were significantly lowered by replacement of fishmeal by QH at 25% in fish reared under arsenic and ammonia toxicity and high temperature stress (NH3+As+T). The neurotransmitter enzyme (AChE) in brain tissue was noticeably enhanced by QH at 25%. The aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) as well as malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in gill and liver were significantly reduced by QH at 25% in fish reread under multiple stresses (NH3+As+T). The nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), blood glucose, albumin, globulin, total protein, A:G ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and total immunoglobulin (Ig) were noticeably improved by supplementation of QH at 25–30% in fish reared under NH3+As+T. The amylase, protease and lipase were significant improved with replacement of fishmeal by QH at 25%. The histo-pathological alterations were marked in liver and gill tissues, whereas these tissues were protected by QH at 25% in fish reared under control and stress condition (NH3+As+T). The present study revealed that replacement of fishmeal at 25% by QH could be a better replacement for improvement in anti-oxidative status, acetylcholine esterase and growth performance in fish reread under NH3+As+T stress.

Lethal dose and pathological changes associated with Aeromonas hydrophila (H1) strain infection in striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

Lethal dose and pathological changes associated with Aeromonas hydrophila (H1) strain infection in striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

Enhancing the Quality of Striped Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Fillet: A Synergistic Effect of Microwave Treatment and Gelatin-Lemongrass Essential Oil Coatings

Enhancing the Quality of Striped Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Fillet: A Synergistic Effect of Microwave Treatment and Gelatin-Lemongrass Essential Oil Coatings

Biomitigation of ammonical stress in aquaculture using luffa sponge coupled with medicinal and aromatic plants for potential application in aquaponics

ABSTRACT Ammonia, a major stress-inducing factor in aquaculture, contributes a significant challenge in maintaining sustainable fish production. Addressing this issue requires environmentally and economically sustainable solutions. This study explores the use of readily available and environmentally friendly porous lignocellulosic luffa sponge as a biostimulator, with a combination of three medicinal and aromatic plants(MAPs) viz. Asparagus racemosses(satavari) roots, Cammiphora wightii(guggal) stems, and Vitex negundo(nirgundi) stem for alleviating ammoniacal stress by biotransforming ammonia in aquaponics water/ aquaculture. A 45-day experiment was conducted using Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in tanks containing aquaponics water. The study consists of a control (C) and four treatments: L(Luffa), LS(Luffa + shatavari roots), LG(Luffa + guggal stem) and LN(Luffa + nirgundi stem). Ammonia was spiked weekly at different concentrations(2, 2.5, 3, 5, and 10 mgL−1). The L group showed significantly(p < 0.05) higher ammonia removal of 86.06% ± 9.62(spiked 3 mgL−1) in 24 hrs, and 73.98%±2.6 and 86.35%±4.47(spiked 5 mgL−1) in 24 and 48 hrs, respectively, which may be attributed to a higher surface area of the substrate for microbial attachment. The MAPs upregulated fish's hematological and serum biochemical parameters under elevated ammonia, indicating ammonical stress mitigation. Treatment groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher fish yield than the control (165.66 ± 0.50 g), with L, LS, LG, and LN giving a yield of 174.76 ± 2.07, 175.41 ± 0.59, 179.07 ± 4.29, and 181.57 ± 0.45 g respectively, with no significant difference detected among them. Promising outcomes in ammonia removal and stress mitigation were demonstrated by incorporating the lignocellulosic biomass and MAPs in this study, which is beneficial in commercial aquaculture with prospects in aquaponics systems.

Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) from Pangasius bone side streams and its application as a reinforcing agent in biodegradable food packaging films

The bone side streams from catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were used to produce nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) by a calcination method.

Effect of dietary incorporation of defatted yellow mealworm larvae as an alternative protein source on growth, digestive, antioxidant, metabolic enzyme activities, hepatic histomorphology and immunity in pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Effect of dietary incorporation of defatted yellow mealworm larvae as an alternative protein source on growth, digestive, antioxidant, metabolic enzyme activities, hepatic histomorphology and immunity in pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Combined Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Low Temperature Storage on the Microbial and Bio-chemical Quality of Sutchi Cat Fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus)

Gamma irradiation is known as an effective method to reduce microbial contamination in food products. Its application in seafood food not only enhances safety and quality but also extends shelf life, thereby minimizing post-harvest losses. This study focuses on evaluating the combined effect of low dose gamma irradiation and low-temperature storage on the quality and shelf life of fresh Sutchi Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus). The fish samples were subjected to different gamma irradiation doses (0.0 kGy, 1.0 kGy, 3.0 kGy, and 5.0 kGy) and then stored under refrigerated conditions (4°C) and frozen conditions (-18°C). Both non-irradiated and irradiated samples were periodically analyzed for microbial counts, including coliforms (total and fecal), total mesophilic bacteria, Salmonella, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The biochemical quality indices such as total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also assessed at regular intervals. The findings revealed that the gamma irradiation and storage at low temperatures significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced microbial populations, with higher irradiation doses resulting in greater reductions. Chemical quality indicators in irradiated samples were notably better maintained compared to the control samples under both storage conditions. The study concluded that combining gamma irradiation with refrigeration or freezing effectively minimized microbial loads and preserved biochemical quality. This approach extended the shelf life of the fish up to 21 days in refrigeration and 90 days under frozen storage conditions.

Isolation and characterization of Saprolegnia parasitica from cage-reared Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and its sensitivity to different antifungal compounds

Saprolegniasis is one of the most dangerous fungal diseases of fish, causing significant mortality in fish hatcheries and young ones. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize the causative fungus from fingerlings of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus cultured intensively in freshwater cages in Indian reservoirs and to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations of different antifungal compounds against the fungal hyphae and zoospores. The fungal isolates grown on potato dextrose agar showed an abundance of gemmae, elongated mycelia, non-septate hyphae, primary zoospores, mature zoosporangia with numerous zoospores, cysts with bundles of long hairs and were further identified as Saprolegnia parasitica following PCR amplification and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer region. S. parasitica showed temperature-sensitive optimum growth in a narrow window of 12–24 ℃, which might drive its experimental pathogenesis as well as natural infections in the winter months. In vitro sensitivity testing established negligible inhibitory activity of fluconazole, boric acid, sodium thiosulfate, and potassium permanganate while clotrimazole arrested the spore and hyphal growths at 2 mgL-1 concentration suggesting potential of the imidazole antifungal in treating S. parasitica infection in fish. The present study will serve as the baseline information for developing therapeutic and management strategies for controlling saprolegniasis in the economically significant iridescent catfish.