Candidate Pairs Research Articles

DULAG: A DUal and Lensed AGN candidate catalog with the Gaia multipeak method

A series of studies have demonstrated that the Gaia multipeak (GMP) method is a very efficient technique for selecting active galactic nucleus (AGN) pair candidates. The number of candidates is determined by the size of the input AGN catalog, and is usually limited to spectroscopically confirmed objects. The objective of this work is to compile a larger and highly reliable catalog of GMP AGN pair candidates extracted from the six million objects of the Gaia AGN catalog, the majority of which lack spectroscopic information. In order to ascertain the differences between GMP AGN pair candidates and normal AGNs in terms of their properties, we conducted an investigation using samples of GMP AGNs. These differences were employed to establish optimal selection criteria, which ultimately led to the identification of a highly reliable candidate catalog. We find significant differences between normal AGNs and GMP AGN pair candidates in terms of their astrometry and multi-band color distribution. We compiled the DUal and Lensed AGN candidate catalog with the GMP method (DULAG), which comprises 5,286 sources, and is accompanied by a highly reliable Golden sample of 1,867 sources. A total of 37 sources in the Golden sample have been identified as dual AGN or lensed AGN. For the majority of sources in the Golden sample, we provide reference redshifts and find three close AGN pair candidates among them.

U(1)-charged Dark Matter in three-Higgs-doublet models

We explore three-Higgs-doublet models that may accommodate scalar Dark Matter where the stability is based on an unbroken U(1)-based symmetry, rather than the familiar ℤ2 symmetry. Our aim is to classify all possible ways of embedding a U(1) symmetry in a three-Higgs-doublet model. The different possibilities are presented and compared. All these models contain mass-degenerate pairs of Dark Matter candidates due to a U(1) symmetry unbroken (conserved) by the vacuum. Most of these models preserve CP. In the CP-conserving case the pairs can be seen as one being even and the other being odd under CP or as having opposite charges under U(1). Not all symmetries presented here were identified before in the literature, which points to the fact that there are still many open questions in three-Higgs-doublet models. We also perform a numerical exploration of the U(1) × U(1)-symmetric 3HDM, this is the most general phase-invariant (real) three-Higgs-doublet model. The model contains a multi-component Dark Matter sector, with two independent mass scales. After imposing relevant experimental constraints we find that there are possible solutions throughout a broad Dark Matter mass range, 45–2000 GeV, the latter being a scan cutoff.

Breaking the Metric Voting Distortion Barrier

We consider the following well-studied problem of metric distortion in social choice. Suppose that we have an election with n voters and m candidates located in a shared metric space. We would like to design a voting rule that chooses a candidate whose average distance to the voters is small. However, instead of having direct access to the distances in the metric space, the voting rule obtains, from each voter, a ranked list of the candidates in order of distance. Can we design a rule that, regardless of the election instance and underlying metric space, chooses a candidate whose cost differs from the true optimum by only a small factor (known as the distortion )? A long line of work culminated in finding optimal deterministic voting rules with metric distortion 3. However, for randomized voting rules, there is still a significant gap in our understanding: even though the best lower bound is substantially lower at 2.112, the best upper bound is still 3, which is attained even by simple rules such as Random Dictatorship. Finding a randomized rule that guarantees distortion 3 - ɛ for some constant ɛ has been a major challenge in computational social choice, as prevalent approaches to designing voting rules are known to be insufficient. In particular, such a voting rule must use information beyond aggregate comparisons between pairs of candidates, and cannot only assign positive probability to candidates that are voters’ top choices. In this work, we give a rule that guarantees distortion less than 2.753. To do so, we study a handful of voting rules that are new to the problem. One is Maximal Lotteries , a rule based on the Nash equilibrium of a natural zero-sum game that dates back to the 1960s. The others are novel rules that can be thought of as hybrids of Random Dictatorship and the Copeland rule. None of these rules can beat distortion 3 alone; however, a careful randomization between Maximal Lotteries and any of the novel rules can.

Analisis Bahasa Anies-Muhaimin pada Tayangan “Usai Putusan MK Anies-Muhaimin Menghormati dan Beri Selamat Ke Prabowo Gibran” di Channel Youtube Kompas TV Sukabumi

In political campaigns, rhetoric plays an important role to attract public attention. The Anies-Muhaimin candidate pair utilised the Youtube social media platform to campaign and discuss with the people through the "DESAK ANIES" and "SLEPET, IMIN" programmes, which aimed to deliver political messages and increase popularity. The programmes include interviews, panel discussions and vlogs. This research uses qualitative methods to understand the dynamics of their political campaigns. The research revealed that the rhetoric of the Anies-Muhaimin pair had a significant impact on public acceptance during the 2024 election campaign. The combination of ethos, logos, and pathos used in their speeches succeeded in creating a space of acceptance and trust that the constitutional process had been completed with the results of the final Constitutional Court decision. The ethos rhetorical technique was also used by Anies to recognise Prabowo's credibility as president-elect. As a result, Anies-Muhaimin's rhetoric was able to create a fair and peaceful democratic atmosphere, and restore the divisions that occurred during the election process, making the community back in harmony and order during the election

Respons Generasi Z terhadap Konser Musik dalam Kampanye Politik 2024

This article explores music concerts as popular culture used for the 2024 Election political campaign in Semarang. The background of the article is that music concerts are a form of popular culture that is close to generation Z, which is being used by presidential candidate pairs for the 2024 election as a political tool to attract the sympathy of generation Z because generation Z dominates the voter list for the 2024 election. The focus of this article is on music concerts for political campaigns which was held in Semarang. Data collection in this paper applies qualitative methods. The findings in this paper show that music concerts for political campaigns have become popular culture that suits the character of generation Z. Each pair of candidates tries to attract the votes of generation Z through these music concerts. By bringing the character closer to generation Z, namely choosing bands and singers who are invited as representatives of the values ​​and identity held by generation Z. However, this causes cultural reification because generation Z does invoive to the political goals of the campaign and is more prioritize watching their favorite bands and singers. Thus, efforts to attract the votes of generation Z become ineffective because the political objectives of the campaign are sidelined by the interests of generation Z in seeking entertainment. However, popular culture, politics and generation Z are three things that are interconnected and become an important part of the 2024 political campaign. Music, which previously functioned as entertainment and art, has turned into a political stage for candidates to attract votes from Generation Z.

Strategy Of The Local Government Of Mamasa Regency In Preventing Religious Conflicts To Realize National Security

Managing diversity based on local democracy is a preventive step to prevent prolonged conflicts toward social reintegration. Religious segmentation is used as a way to unravel the political conflicts that previously echoed in this area. Efforts to carry out the representation of religious identity (Islamic-Christian) in each Regional Election event are used as a new political format to minimize the tension of identity politics that can erode the spirit of community togetherness. Representation politics is then manifested in the form of pairs of candidates to occupy the position of regional head until the last twenty years have been institutions that have the ability to maintain unity and unity. This research uses a qualitative approach. For data collection techniques, researchers conduct interviews, observation, and documentation procedures. The theories and concepts used in this study include strategy theory, peace theory, conflict theory, conflict prevention concept, Conflict early Warning and Early Response System (CEWERS) concept, and state defense concept. Based on the results of the study, it can be understood that overall, conflict management carried out by the government, both the central government and local governments, is very poor. Efforts to resolve conflicts only occur at the elite level and do not include people who suffer more and lose more due to conflict. An elitist resolution will only meet the interests and demands of the elite. The demands of the masses that should also be accommodated are ignored. As a form of strategic steps of the local government of Mamasa Regency in preventing conflicts in the administration of government and its relationship with the roots of religious conflicts in Mamasa Regency, some of the descriptions of the steps taken include the Education and Socialization Approach, Increasing the Role of the Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB), Strengthening the Economy and Social Welfare, Fair and Transparent Law Enforcement, and Inclusive Infrastructure and Public Facilities Development.

The Economic and Social Capital Factors in the Victory of Independent Candidate Pairs in the 2020 Regional Head and Deputy Regional Head Elections of Metro City

Based on KPU Regulation Number 1 of 2020 which regulates the nomination of regional heads and deputy regional heads in the 2020 simultaneous regional elections, there are changes to the nomination requirements from the individual path. Data on the results of the 2020 regional elections show that there were six individual candidate pairs who won the elections, one of which was in Metro City, Lampung province. The victory of individual candidate pairs in the Metro City regional elections can be said to break the dominance of candidate pairs from political parties who always win elections. This research examines the victory of candidate pairs Wahdi and Qomaru from the perspective of political, economic and social capital. The theory of capital refers to Pierre Bourdieu (1992), and is supported by the theory of political capital from John A. Booth and Patricia Bayer Richard (1998). The research method is qualitative with primary data collection through in-depth interviews. The research findings show that social capital (grassroots network), and economic capital (capital control) became the main factors of Wahdi and Qomaru's victory, which succeeded in defeating a pair of candidates from political parties, making it the first time Metro City was led by a mayor and deputy mayor not from a political party.

Political Labeling on Social Media: a Netnographic Study of “SDM Rendah” in Indonesia’s 2024 Presidential Election on X (Twitter)

The 2024 presidential election campaign in Indonesia has produced various unique phenomena, including the emergence of the "Low Human Resources'' (SDM Rendah) label directed at the supporters of candidate pair 02 by the supporters of candidate pairs 01 and 03. The existence of this label has become a spotlight because it reflects the dynamics of politics and social interaction within the community. In conducting the netnographic research strategy in this study, the primary focus is on gaining a deep understanding of the underlying reasons for this labeling, as well as how it affects public perception and the overall political dynamics. The social media platform X was selected as the research subject due to its crucial role in facilitating communicative interaction, including the labeling process. It is expected that the results of this research can provide deeper insights into the phenomenon of labeling in the political realm on the X social media platform, as well as provide a better understanding for politicians and the public regarding the importance of using social media platforms wisely in the political context. This research also has significant academic implications in the field of communication science, particularly in the theory of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), which can contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of social media in contemporary politics. The practical implications cannot be overlooked either, especially in the efforts to raise awareness of the power and impact of social media platforms in the political context during the 2024 presidential campaign in Indonesia.

Reducing herbivory in mixed planting by genomic prediction of neighbor effects in the field

Genetically diverse populations can increase plant resistance to natural enemies. Yet, beneficial genotype pairs remain elusive due to the occurrence of positive or negative effects of mixed planting on plant resistance, respectively called associational resistance or susceptibility. Here, we identify key genotype pairs responsible for associational resistance to herbivory using the genome-wide polymorphism data of the plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. To quantify neighbor interactions among 199 genotypes grown in a randomized block design, we employ a genome-wide association method named “Neighbor GWAS” and genomic prediction inspired by the Ising model of magnetics. These analyses predict that 823 of the 19,701 candidate pairs can reduce herbivory in mixed planting. We planted three pairs with the predicted effects in mixtures and monocultures, and detected 18–30% reductions in herbivore damage in the mixed planting treatment. Our study shows the power of genomic prediction to assemble genotype mixtures with positive biodiversity effects.

Analisis Framing Portal Berita Kompas.Com dan Mediaindonesia.Com atas Pemberitaan Program Makan Siang Gratis oleh Paslon 02 (Prabowo-Gibran) Pada Periode 28 November 2023 - 10 Februari 2024

2024 is a crucial year for Indonesia as it marks the presidential and vice-presidential transition. The General Elections Commission (KPU) has nominated three candidate pairs, one of which is Prabowo Subianto-Gibran Rakabuming Raka (candidate pair 02), who proposed a free lunch program. This program has sparked considerable debate in various media, prompting this study to analyze the framing of news coverage about the free lunch program by candidate pair 02 (Prabowo-Gibran) on the online news portals Kompas.com and Mediaindonesia.com during the period of November 28, 2024, to February 10, 2024. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method to describe or explain the underlying meanings of reality. Data analysis is conducted using Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki's framing analysis model, which includes syntactic, script, thematic, and rhetorical structures. The findings indicate that Kompas.com’s coverage is supportive of the free lunch program. On the other hand, the coverage on Mediaindonesia.com is firmly against the free lunch program

Tiktok, Instagram and Presidential Election: A Study to Understand How Politainment in Indonesian Political Campaigns 2024

The development of technology has brought about various transformations in the lines of people's lives, one of which is in political contestation. A political contestation in Indonesia has just passed namely the 2024 General Election. The Indonesian people elected 4 Legislative Members and 1 Pair of Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates in that election. There were three candidate pairs in the 2024 presidential election. Candidate Pair Prabowo-Gibran, Candidate Pair Anies-Muhaimin and Candidate Pair Ganjar-Mahfud. In the campaign process, something was interesting, namely that the discourse battle had shifted to a non-discourse battle. One is politainment, which the candidate pairs presents to the public on social media. Politainment itself refers to the equivalent of the words politics and entertainment. This is interesting because political contestation is very close to the battle of ideas and discourse in the campaign process. However, in the 2024 presidential election, this has shifted. Therefore, this is interesting to examine further. This study uses a qualitative approach to dig deeper into politainment in the 2024 Presidential Election political campaign. The data will be selected using purposive sampling techniques, and then the data that has been obtained will be analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis techniques. This study found that politainment is used by presidential and vice presidential candidate pairs to wrap messages in political campaigns

Gemoy and Samsul: How The Propaganda Won The 2024 Indonesian Election

This study aims to determine the forms of political buzzer propaganda ahead of the 2024 election on Twitter/X. The research method used is a qualitative approach using content analysis and the type of data used is secondary data in the form of tweets or uploads that themed the 2024 presidential election. The data was inputted manually using Microsoft Excel and then analyzed systematically using the SPSS 25 program. The chi square test result is .001, which means that there are significant differences between candidates in the forms of propaganda. Tweets discussing Prabowo-Gibran were the most propaganda-laden which included name calling, transfer, testimonial, card stacking, and bandwagon, with the exception of plain folks, which is propaganda that shows the efforts of the presidential and vice presidential candidates' closeness to the public, in this category, candidate pair number three, namely Ganjar-Mahfud, is significantly higher than other candidate pairs, and gliterring generalities, namely propaganda with positive connotations on the presidential and vice presidential candidate pairs being discussed, in this case candidate pair number one Anies Imin is significantly higher than other pairs. Name-calling was the most significantly utilized in tweets discussing Prabowo-Gibran, compared to other form of propaganda in tweets discussing the other two candidate pairs. This highlighted the importance of spinning the unfavorable attributes to become a favorable one.

PERBANDINGAN PENDEKATAN KOMUNIKASI VISUAL POSTER KAMPANYE PASANGAN CALON PRESIDEN DAN WAKIL PRESIDEN PEMILU TAHUN 2024

For the 2024 General Election (Pemilu) which will take place on February 14, 2024, the three pairs of President and Vice President Candidates for the 2024 Election are carrying out a campaign by distributing posters in various locations and media. These posters use various visual communication approaches, which can be examined in more depth in how the visual aspects and visual communication in them reproduce to form an image representing the identity of candidate pairs, and how the visual approaches used by the three pairs of President and Vice President Candidates in the 2024 Election compare. This research aims to describe the visual variety of posters for candidate pairs and to describe a comparison of the visual communication approaches for the posters of the three pairs of President and Vice President Candidates in the 2024 Election. This research uses qualitative methods. The data collection method was direct visual observation in Jakarta, documented using photography methods, while visual observation via the internet and social media was then documented using screenshot techniques. The visual objects used as poster model samples were selected using purposive sampling, namely with the aim of the diversity of visual communication approaches used on posters. The analysis was carried out in 2 (two) stages, the first was an analysis of the visual elements of each poster model based on the sequence of President and Vice President Candidate Numbers that had been determined by the General Election Commission of the Republic of Indonesia, and the second was a comparative analysis of the visual communication approaches carried out by each -each candidate. The results of this research are a comparative description of the visual communication approaches for the posters of the three President and Vice President Candidates which represent the figure of the candidate pair in the 2024 Election.

Implikasi Politik Identitas dalam Pemilihan Gubernur Jawa Timur Tahun 2018 Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah

Discussing the issue of identity politics, in general, can be interpreted as an effort to use identity in political life based on group equality such as race, ethnicity, religion, culture, and the like, with the aim of influencing the standards of permanent voters. The main focus of this research discusses the implications of identity politics which refers to the influence of the NU Muslim religious organization in winning Khofifah-Emil as Governor of East Java in 2018 from a siyāsah fiqh perspective. More fully, the parameters of this test are based on the basic values ​​of siyāsah fiqh such as the principles of siyāsah syar'iyyah, democracy in Islamic politics, political tolerance in Islam, the ummah and the principles of government in the Medina Charter, with the research method used in the form of qualitative. The conclusion of this research confirms that the entire series carried out by NU Muslims in their participation in supporting candidate pair number one is not contrary to Islamic religious values. Because the activities and strategies carried out by Muslimat NU and Khofifah are actually in line with the basic values ​​of fiqh siyāsah, which espouse the values ​​of tolerance and democracy.

Implementasi Algoritma Naive Bayes untuk Analisis Sentimen Terhadap Program Makan Siang Gratis

The work program promised by the 2024 Presidential Candidate and Vice Presidential Candidate pair, namely, Prabowo Subianto and Gibran Rakabuming Raka, one of which is a free lunch program, this program is an effort to improve community welfare, but this has attracted public attention on social media, one the other is platform X. The public response to the free lunch program is the main focus. In this research, researchers analyzed sentiment related to the free lunch program using the Naive Bayes method using the Python programming language on Google Colab to analyze sentiment towards social media users. X. the results obtained from 920 tweets data, there are 167positive value tweets, 744tweets are negative. The evaluation results with the confusion matrix showed an accuracy of 86.95%, with precision 93%, recall 61%, and F1-Score 65%.From the results of this research it can be concluded that the majority of the public who commented on social media X gave a negative response to the free lunch program. These results can be used as material for government evaluation in determining effective and efficient policies for society.

STRATEGI BRANDING POLITIK DI ERA MEDIA SOSIAL TWITTER: ANALISIS KEBERHASILAN BRANDING JOKOWI-MA’ARUF AMIN PADA PILPRES 2019

This study aims to analyze the political branding strategy used by the Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin winning team in the 2019 Presidential Election, especially through the Twitter platform. Amid various religious issues and criticisms of the Jokowi regime's performance, Jokowi-Ma'ruf's electability had decreased. Therefore, the winning team must design an appropriate communication strategy to restore the positive image of the candidate pair. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with the help of NVivo 12 Plus software to analyze content from Twitter. The focus of the analysis includes political brand equity indicators, namely brand association, brand loyalty, and brand awareness. The results of the study show that Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin's political branding strategy is more dominated by brand association and brand loyalty, which reached 42.67% and 36.67%, respectively. Brand association plays an important role in building Jokowi-Ma'ruf's personal branding through the support of political parties such as PDI-P and PKB, while brand loyalty can be seen from the strong support of modernist and traditional Islamic groups such as Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). On the other hand, brand awareness does not contribute significantly to branding strategy, with only 19.33% of the total analysis results. This study highlights the importance of managing brand association and brand loyalty in forming an effective political image on social media

Exploring Locality Sensitive Hashing as a Blocking Method for Large-Scale Administrative Datasets

ObjectivesLinking large-scale datasets is challenging due to the computational power required. This research explores using Locality-Sensitive-Hashing (LSH) as a novel blocking method to facilitate linking large administrative data. LSH uses an efficient technique of hashing data while preserving similarity, reducing the search space and processing power required to find links. ApproachSamples were taken from a gold-standard dataset and blocked using LSH. Various parameters were tested to establish LSH’s optimal performance at retrieving linked pairs and reducing the search space size. ResultsTesting the method on small datasets gave promising results, with the LSH method creating ~9,000 candidate pairs. This is a improvement over our traditional blocking method or cartesian product, which created ~70,000 and 23.4 million candidate pairs, respectively. We have therefore shown that LSH can significantly reduce the search-space size. A further advantage of the method is its capability in handling alternative variables such as those that may be present in longitudinal or composite data, without needing to manually anticipate the different combinations of variables which may occur. Variable formats to simulate agreement weighting were also considered, with encouraging results. Conclusion and ImplicationsOur research shows that LSH can be used to drastically reduce the search space when blocking for data linkage This suggests developing LSH as a blocking method could result in more effective blocking, quicker linkage, and no loss of quality compared to traditional methods. However, further research on increasing the method’s scale is necessary.

Asteroid pairs: Survey of the inner main belt

Context. An asteroid pair forms when an asteroid splits into two unbound fragments because of collision, rotational fission, or binary system decay. The two components of the asteroid pair share similar physical properties and their orbits converge when integrated into the past. Currently, 268 asteroid pairs are known, and new pairs are discovered alongside the continuous discovery of new asteroids. Aims. We conducted a survey in the inner asteroid belt to find new asteroid pairs, estimated their age, and classified their physical properties. As presently no M-type asteroid pairs are known, we also conducted a specialized survey of them. Methods. We preselected asteroid pair candidates based on their distances in the five-dimensional space of osculating orbital elements. We created multiple clones within the uncertainties of their orbital elements and conducted their backtrack integration into the past. We searched for convergence of their clones at close spatial points with small relative velocities, the distribution of which determines the pair formation age. Results. We find 40 new asteroid pairs, thus increasing the total number of known pairs by 15%. One of the newly discovered pairs, 469759 - 2016 QZ 123, with an age of 2.6−0.2+0.7 kyr is now the third-youngest known asteroid pair. We studied the influence of the mutual gravitation of pair components on the process of their evolution and successfully observed the gravitational catching of the two pair members in the past. As a byproduct of pair search, we find eight asteroids connected in a cluster with an age of 76−25+15 kyr that belongs to the Phocaea family and incorporates one previously known asteroid pair. We confirm the convergence of ten asteroid pairs discovered in our previous research and improve their age estimates. We observed a deficiency of M-type asteroid pairs, and therefore conducted a dedicated search for M-type pairs, but found none.

The identity politics of the local head election in Bolaang Mongondow, Indonesia

Democracy in Indonesia should be a place to channel the aspirations of the people according to their preferences. The identity politics is a strategy carried out by interested groups in a contestation, the goal is to gain sympathy and votes in the election. However, the impact of the the identity politics tends to be negative where people tend to be selfish for one and group’s sake and this is contrary to Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Bolaang Mongondow Regency is the locus of this research, where this area is still thick with the phenomenon of identity politics. This research examines the phenomenon of the the identity politics for election participants and also its impact on society as well as data found in the field and also previous studies that have examined matters related to the title of this research and then conducted a focus of group discussions. From the results of the study, it was found that the Identity Political Behavior in the Bolaang Mongondow Regency, especially in the Election of The Regional Heads in 2017 is still within the level of reasonableness and is one of the political strategies of the candidate pairs but is still within reasonable limits and it can be seen that there is no longer a majority force that has a sectoral ego in the interests of power but also the community has matured in choosing their leaders in the elections.

KONSTRUKSI HUKUM PENCALONAN PRESIDEN DAN WAKIL PRESIDEN YANG MENCERMINKAN DEMOKRASI PANCASILA BERDASARKAN UU NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2017

This study aims to examine and determine the Legal Construction of Presidential and Vice Presidential Nominations that reflect Pancasila democracy in relation to the provisions of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. The formulation of the problem that the author poses is, What is the Ideal Legal Construction of Presidential and Vice Presidential Nominations to Realize Pancasila Democracy? The research method used is normative where the data used is secondary data in the form of legal materials. In addition to using secondary legal materials, this study also uses several theories to dissect the problems in this study. The results of the study obtained are that the nomination of the president and vice president is regulated in Article 6A paragraph (2) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, namely "The presidential and vice presidential candidate pairs are proposed by political parties or a coalition of political parties participating in the general election before the general election is held". Regulations regarding the mechanism for nominating the presidential and vice presidential positions are stated in Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, Article 222 regulates the same thing regarding filling the presidential and vice presidential positions. The presidential threshold has violated political rights, including the right to be elected and to elect the people protected by the constitution. This restriction on alternative candidates certainly means limiting the people's political channels and to a certain extent can result in an increase in the number of abstainers or white groups in the election. In addition, the opportunity for the people to be elected as candidates is also limited because not all political parties participating in the election have the right to nominate presidential and vice presidential candidate pairs because they are constrained by the Presidential Threshold requirements. The policy of direct presidential elections within the framework of simultaneous elections is still problematic. The existence of a threshold for political parties to have the right to nominate presidential and vice presidential candidate pairs (Presidential Threshold) in the General Election held simultaneously, has legal implications, namely violating the 1945 Constitution concerning the Presidential System, contrary to Article 6A paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution.