Pair Of Rings Research Articles

Electrostatically Dominated Pre-Organization inCyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged entities play a key role in pre-organizing substrates and stabilizing transition states of reactions in enzymes. The use of electrostatic interactions to pre-organize ions in nanoconfined pores, however, has not been investigated to its full potential. Herein, we describe how carboxylate anions can be pre-organized at the behest of their electrostatic interactions with K+ cations in nanoconfined tunnels present in γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks, i.e., CD-MOFs. Several carboxylate anions, which are all much smaller than the cavities of the tunnels, were visualized by X-ray crystallography when nanoconfined in CD-MOFs, despite the large voids present in the tunnels. These anions were found to be aligned within a planar array defined by four K+ cations, positioned around the periphery of the tunnels. The strong electrostatic interactions between the carboxylate anions and the K+ cations dictate the orientation of the anions and override the influence of other possible noncovalent bonding interactions between them and the tunnels. Consequently, the aligned pairs of γ-cyclodextrin rings constituting the tunnels become distorted, resulting in their lower symmetry and fewer disordered carboxylate anions in the solid-state. Our findings offer a transformative strategy for controlling the packing and orientation of ions in nanoconfined environments.

Target-field design of surface permanent magnets

We present a target-field approach to analytically design magnetic fields using permanent magnets. We assume that their magnetization is bound to a two-dimensional surface and is composed of a complete basis of surface modes. By posing the Poisson’s equation relating the magnetic scalar potential to the magnetization using Green’s functions, we derive simple integrals that determine the magnetic field generated by each mode. This approach is demonstrated by deriving the governing integrals for optimizing axial magnetization on cylindrical and circular-planar surfaces. We approximate the governing integrals numerically and implement them into a regularized least-squares optimization routine to design permanent magnets that generate uniform axial and transverse target magnetic fields. The resulting uniform axial magnetic field profiles demonstrate more than a tenfold increase in uniformity across equivalent target regions compared to the field generated by an optimally separated axially magnetized pair of rings, as validated using finite element method simulations. We use a simple example to examine how two-dimensional surface magnetization profiles can be emulated using thin three-dimensional volumes and determine how many discrete intervals are required to accurately approximate a continuously varying surface pattern. Magnets designed using our approach may enable higher-quality bias fields for electric machines, nuclear fusion, fundamental physics, magnetic trapping, and beyond. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Self-Focused Pulse Propagation Is Mediated by Spatiotemporal Optical Vortices.

We show that the dynamics of high-intensity laser pulses undergoing self-focused propagation in a nonlinear medium can be understood in terms of the topological constraints imposed by the formation and evolution of spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs). STOVs are born from pointlike phase defects on the sides of the pulse nucleated by spatiotemporal phase shear. These defects grow into closed loops of spatiotemporal vorticity that initially exclude the pulse propagation axis, but then reconnect to form a pair of toroidal vortex rings that wrap around it. STOVs constrain the intrapulse flow of electromagnetic energy, controlling the focusing-defocusing cycles and pulse splitting inherent to nonlinear pulse propagation. We illustrate this in two widely studied but very different regimes, relativistic self-focusing in plasma and nonrelativistic self-focusing in gas, demonstrating that STOVs mediate nonlinear propagation irrespective of the detailed physics.

A Dust-trapping Ring in the Planet-hosting Disk of Elias 2-24

Rings and gaps are among the most widely observed forms of substructure in protoplanetary disks. A gap–ring pair may be formed when a planet carves a gap in the disk, which produces a local pressure maximum following the gap that traps inwardly drifting dust grains and appears as a bright ring owing to the enhanced dust density. A dust-trapping ring would provide a promising environment for solid growth and possibly planetesimal production via the streaming instability. We present evidence of dust trapping in the bright ring of the planet-hosting disk Elias 2-24, from the analysis of 1.3 and 3 mm Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations at high spatial resolution (0.″029, 4.0 au). We leverage the high spatial resolution to demonstrate that larger grains are more efficiently trapped and place constraints on the local turbulence (8 × 10−4 < α turb < 0.03) and the gas-to-dust ratio (Σ g /Σ d < 30) in the ring. Using a scattering-included marginal probability analysis, we measure a total dust disk mass of Mdust=13.8−0.5+0.7×10−4M⊙ . We also show that at the orbital radius of the proposed perturber the gap is cleared of material down to a flux contrast of 10−3 of the peak flux in the disk.

Design of Electrically Small Intraocular Antenna for Retinal Prosthesis System and Its Validation.

This paper presents an ultra-miniaturized circular-shaped triple band microstrip antenna as an intraocular unit applicable for retinal prosthesis. The reported antenna is developed by modifying a conventional circular-shaped patch with a pair of open-ended circular annular rings and a semicircular ring-loaded rectangular stub. Additionally, a shorting pin is used at the periphery of the patch to achieve the frequency bands of interest. Further, to make the structure electrically small and accommodate highly dense electrodes, the circular ground plane is modified by making symmetrical slots over the four quadrants and edges. Specific absorption rate distribution for 1g and 10g of different tissue layers over three operating frequencies has been studied by placing electromagnetic sources at different locations. With these arrangements, the proposed strip antenna offers multiband operation within the frequency band of 1.25 GHz (1.13-1.46 GHz), 2.45 GHz (2.24-2.66 GHz), and 3.32 GHz (3.09-3.50 GHz). Besides, circularly polarized radiation has also been achieved at 1.25 GHz with a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 10 MHz. Finally, the proposed antenna structure is fabricated, and its measured performance metrics are in close aggreement with the simulated parameters. The proposed antenna's performance inside a customized canonical eye model (DMCM) and anthropomorphic Zubal head model is studied and compared with the prior studies.

Influence of tissue-electrode distance on unipolar and bipolar voltage for large-tip, ring-, and mini-electrodes

Abstract Background The characteristics of intracardiac unipolar and bipolar voltage electrograms (EGM) acquired by electrophysiological catheters depend on the electrical source and on the electrode design and configuration. Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the electrode configuration and their distance from the myocardial tissue (electric source) on the unipolar and bipolar intracardiac electrograms recorded with a multi-electrode focal ablation catheter. Methods We retrospectively analyzed left atrial 3D electroanantomical maps (EAMs) of 25 patients performed in sinus rhythm using the IntellaNav Mifi OI catheter (Boston Scientific, USA) with a 4.5 mm tip-electrode, three mini-electrodes and three 2 mm ring electrodes. The unipolar and bipolar EGMs were characterized based on the peak-to-peak amplitude (amp), the signal duration (width), the maximal slope, and the relative high power spectrum (HF_rel) as ratio of the power spectrum of frequencies above and below 50Hz. Distances of the electrode from the tissue were calculated from the electroanatomic reconstruction. Except for the HF_rel with absolute values are reported, all characteristics are normalized using the tip-electrode for unipolar or tip-to-ring electrode values for bipolar measures. EGMs with bipolar voltage amplitude of &amp;gt;0.5 mV were included to focus on healthy tissue. Results We analyzed the EGMs of 5183 catheter positions with horizontal to perpendicular orientation. From horizontal catheter orientation with a similar distance from the tissue for all electrodes, the unipolar EGM of the ring electrodes showed an increased amplitude (140%), slope (150%) and HF_rel (16% vs 11%) compared to the tip- and mini-electrodes. For bipolar EGM, however, the tip- ring pair showed the largest amplitude, width, and slope. The HF_rel was larger for the ring electrode pairs compared to the tip-ring electrode (58% to 39%). The median amplitude (amp), slope, and HF_rel for the ring electrodes showed a strong power-law decay function with distance, whereas the width increases linearly with distance from the surface (Figure, blue dotted lines). The intersection (red circle) of the steep linear decline at close distance to the tissue (reflecting a strong influence on the EGM) with the flat line at larger distances (dash-dotted lines) was considered as nearfield boundary. A HF_rel cutoff of &amp;gt;10% for unipolar (Figure, red arrow) and &amp;gt;30% for bipolar EGMs might be used to identify this boundary. Conclusion We confirmed a higher amplitude for small ring-electrodes compared to larger tip electrodes in unipolar amplitude but not for bipolar electrograms. Furthermore, a strong decay of the amplitude, slope and HF_rel with distance could be observed. The decay functions are suggestive for a nearfield boundary distance below 4mm from the tissue. Further studies are warranted to confirm this observation.Summary of characteristics over distance

Design and optimization of quasi-zero-stiffness dual harvester-absorber system

The single quasi-zero-stiffness harvester-absorber system has shown its effectiveness in harvesting vibration energy and suppressing low-frequency vibrations simultaneously. Nevertheless, drawbacks of narrow frequency range of vibration suppression and low output power are still challenges. In this paper, a novel quasi-zero-stiffness dual harvester-absorber system (QZS DHAS) is proposed for broadband synergistic vibration suppression and energy harvesting at low frequency. The QZS feature is realized by mounting an equal-strength piezoelectric beam and a pair of magnet rings in parallel. Firstly, the restoring force of both the piezoelectric beam and the magnet rings are theoretically derived, respectively, which are verified by finite element simulations. Then, the governing equations of a host oscillator with QZS DHAS are derived based on Newton's law and Kirchhoff's law, which are solved by the harmonic balanced method combined with the pseudo arc-length continuation method. Moreover, the effects of mass ratios, frequency ratios and damping ratios on the performance of the QZS DHAS are investigated in details. Finally, the parameters of the QZS DHAS are optimized to improve the performance of vibration suppression and energy harvesting by using the multi-objectives genetic algorithm in combination with the technique of establishing order preference by similarity to the ideal solution. The results show that the peak response of the host oscillator is reduced by 33.48 % and the peak power is increased by 531.38 % after optimization, which indicates that the dual objectives of broadband vibration absorption and high-efficiency energy harvesting are fulfilled.

Time-varying coding digital double-layered Huygens' metasurface for high-efficiency harmonic frequency conversion

Time-varying metasurfaces offer an efficient means of controlling nonlinear harmonics by manipulating component geometries and modulating signals. This ability renders them valuable across various fields, such as wireless communication, radar sensing, and biological monitoring. However, most of the energy in time-varying metasurfaces is concentrated in the fundamental wave, as well as scattered at various harmonic orders, which reduces the energy efficiency at the desired harmonic. Existing approaches have employed time-varying coding digital metasurfaces to achieve efficient harmonic conversion but are primarily designed for reflection. Reflection-based designs require a feed source to excite the metasurface, which can cause certain shielding effects and limit their application in specific scenarios. Thus, designing transmissive time-varying coding digital metasurfaces for efficient harmonic conversion is currently an urgent problem that needs to be addressed. To solve this problem, this paper develops a time-varying coding digital double-layered Huygens' metasurface, which achieves efficient conversion of the desired transmitted harmonics. The unit structure of the metasurface consists of a pair of reverse-symmetric split rings located on the upper and lower sides of a dielectric substrate, enabling nearly non-reflective Huygens' resonance. Based on a continuous periodic phase modulation strategy, we achieved efficient conversion of transmitted harmonics by loading a time-varying voltage (phase) modulation signal with a 5-bit resolution bit width onto the designed double-layered Huygens' metasurface. This study presents a solution for designing a transmissive time-varying coding digital metasurface to achieve efficient conversion of harmonics, thereby enhancing the application capabilities of time-varying coding digital metasurfaces.

나주 송제리 1호분 장식도자 재현품 제작과 의의

This paper is a study on the production and review of Songje-Ri Tomb No.1, Naju(NSR), Knives with Decorated Restoration excavated from NAJU. The research process first summarizes the status of Knives excavation and observations using scientific analysis. Second, by comparing Knives produced in Three Kingdoms Periods, selection materials that were referenced in the production are presented. Third, the process and production of the restoration and design drawings. Fourth, the review of the completed Restoration and archaeological consideration were carried out in order. NSRT No.1 knives are similar to those found in King Muryeong Tomb, Gongju(GKM) and Songhak-Dong Tomb No. IC, Goseong(GSD), Kannon-Yama Tomb, Gunma, Japan(J-KA). In particular, referring to the form of GKM(King) knives, the defective parts of the manufactured relics could be restored. Restoration production was completed by first making and assembling parts. The main production techniques used include Die Forming, Scoring, Drawing, and Stamping. The completed restoration was re-compared with GKM(King) knives. As a result of the comparison, GKM(King) knives also raised the possibility that there was a ring in the sheath fixing part as well as the sheath handle part. A pair of rings of NSR·GKM(King) and J-KA Knives are thought to be the basis for judging these knives in the same style. Styles such as NSR and GKM(King) artifacts were judged to be objects that were popular for a very short period of time. Knives excavated from the two historic sites were produced in succession for a short period of time and evaluated as data that could consider political and economic support for craftsmen at the time.

On the stability of a pair of vortex rings

The growth of perturbations subject to the Crow instability along two vortex rings of equal and opposite circulation undergoing a head-on collision is examined. Unlike the planar case for semi-infinite line vortices, the zero-order geometry of the flow (i.e. the ring radius, core thickness and separation distance) and by extension the growth rates of perturbations vary in time. The governing equations are therefore temporally integrated to characterize the perturbation spectrum. The analysis, which considers the effects of ring curvature and the distribution of vorticity within the vortex cores, explains several key flow features observed in experiments. First, the zero-order motion of the rings is accurately reproduced. Next, the predicted emergent wavenumber, which sets the number of secondary vortex structures emerging after the cores come into contact, agrees with experiments, including the observed increase in the number of secondary structures with increasing Reynolds number. Finally, the analysis predicts an abrupt transition at a critical Reynolds number to a regime dominated by a higher-frequency, faster-growing instability mode that may be consistent with the experimentally observed rapid generation of a turbulent puff following the collision of rings at high Reynolds numbers.

Experimental characterization of exhaled flow dynamics of human breathing and vocalization

During the onging pandemic of COVID-19, there are numerous asymptomatic patients who are infectious. The exhaled droplets from their daily respiratory activities like breathing or speaking can be the sources of airborne disease transmission of COVID-19. The understanding of the airflow dynamics of these respiratory activities may be helpful to develop effective measures to prevent and control the spread of the disease. In this study, the exhaled flows from human breathing and vocalization of specific syllables are characterized using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and smoke visualization. The exhaled flow generated by ten phonemes including vowels, fricatives, affricates, plosives and nasals as well as mouth breathing are studied. The dynamic developments of the airflow processes are described by a series of parameters, including peak velocity, peak velocity time, duration time, propagation velocity and distance. Results show that vocalization of affricates and plosives as well as mouth breathing tend to have higher peak velocities and propagation distances. The evolutions of exhaled flows generated from these respiratory processes are found to have different jet structures, which are related to the stroke ratio (L/D). The flow field of a small L/D only has a pair of dominant vortices. Whereas that of a large L/D presents both a pair of dominant vortex ring and a trailing jet. Certain phoneme (e.g., /t/) is found to display a two-stage jet similar to a cough with the starting jet and an interrupted jet. The characterization of human exhaled flow of this study may be helpful to provide basis of CFD simulations and a better understanding of the spread of airborne diseases from human breathing.

Competition between Loss of H2 versus H+H in the Fragmentation of the Fluorene Cation.

The fluorene cation is a frequently studied molecule in the context of fragmentation experiments. This is because of its potential role in interstellar chemistry, notably as a precursor of PAH cages. In this paper, we analyze H, H+ , H2 and losses from the fluorene cation using the SMF (Statistical Molecular Fragmentation) model. We calculate the probabilities of all the 534 possible fragmentation channels as a function of the excitation energy, up to the loss of three hydrogens. Four different types of hydrogen atom pairings (from the same carbon, from the same ring, from different rings and across-the-bay) have been tested in order to determine which types contribute to the actual production of hydrogen molecules. The simulated breakdown curves are in very good agreement with different experimental results when same ring pairing is taken into account. It was possible to deduce from the model the locations of the emitted H, H+ , H2 and species.

Rock drilling performance of rotary ultrasonic tools incorporating PZT piezoceramic and Mn:PIN-PMN-PT piezocrystal

High performance Mn:PIN-PMN-PT piezocrystal material is investigated to understand if its extraordinary properties can replace the traditional hard piezoceramic material for space exploration applications. A bolted Langevin-style ultrasonic drill tool incorporating a pair of Mn:PIN-PMN-PT piezocrystal rings is built to compare with a same configuration ultrasonic drill tool actuated with a pair of hard piezoceramic rings, which are tuned to the first longitudinal mode (L1) at around 20 kHz. From the characterisation results, it is observed that the piezocrystal material presents significantly greater values of relative permittivity, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and piezoelectric charge coefficient than the hard piezoceramic material. Despite these outstanding properties, the piezocrystal driven ultrasonic drill tool shows similar displacement amplitudes to its counterpart. Nonetheless, the impedance magnitude of the piezocrystal driven ultrasonic drill tool at resonance is a magnitude lower than the piezoceramic actuated drill tool, due to the large piezoelectric charge coefficient d33. Ultrasonic rock drilling experiments suggest that the cutting force for sandstone and marble are greatly reduced, but limestone and tuff are less affected.In general, the piezocrystal driven ultrasonic drill tool demonstrates a marginally improved cutting performance than the piezoceramic actuated drill tool, in terms of lower cutting force and motor power consumption, however, the tool wear appears slightly poorer. The research outcome of this paper indicates that the thickness mode of the piezocrystal rings might not be the optimal form of excitation, which could be due to the piezoelectric losses at high excitation levels, so other excitation conditions and vibration modes will need to be explored to fully adopt the extraordinary material properties of the piezocrystal material.

THE VORTEX RING IN FERROMAGNET

A new type of vortex structures in the 3D ferromagnet is predicted – the vortex rings. It was established by experimental methods that these structures have finite energy. The nature of the interaction of pairs of such rings in the simplest cases was investigated.

A Novel High-Isolation Dual-Band Monocone Antenna Array for Wi-Fi 6 Application

This paper presents a novel high isolation monocone antenna array for Wi-Fi 6 applications. Conical radiator, top patch and shorting pins are combined to obtain an ultra-wide operating bandwidth, which covers the full Wi-Fi 6 frequency bands. The decoupling structure consists of two parts: higher-frequency decoupling element (HDE) and lower-frequency decoupling element (LDE). LDE consists of a pair of C-shaped rings, a metal strip and three shorting pins. HDE is composed of two T-shaped metal strips placed vertically on the ground. For further investigation, the equivalent circuit model of the proposed antennas is adopted to explain the decoupling principles. And design formulas are rigorously derived to facilitate the construction of decoupling structures. For verification, a dual-band monocone MIMO antenna with edge-to-edge spacing of 0.1388 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> (evaluated at lower frequency) is prototyped and characterized. The measured results reveal that proposed antenna can offer enhanced port isolation (23dB/40dB), increased antenna efficiency (>80%) and improved pattern diversity.

Structural Aspects of Pt(η3–P1C2X1C2P2)(Y) Derivative Types

In this structural study, structural data are classified and analyzed for almost seventy complexes of the general formula Pt(η3–P1X1P2)(Y) (X1 = O, N, C, S, Si) and (Y = various monodentate ligands), in which the respective η3–P1X1P2 ligand forms a pair of five-membered metallocyclic rings with a common X1 atom of the P1C2X1C2P2 type. The present complexes crystallize in five crystal systems: trigonal (1×), tetragonal (1×), orthorhombic (11×), triclinic (18×), and monoclinic (39×). In 69 complexes, a η3 ligand with monodentate Y constructs a distorted square planar geometry around each Pt(II) atom. There is only one complex in which Pt(η3–P1Si1P2)(P3Ph3) constructs a trigonal–pyramidal geometry around a Pt(II) atom. The three P atoms construct a trigonal plane, and the Si atom occupies a pyramid. The structural data are discussed from various points of view, including the covalent radii of the atoms, the degree of distortion, and trans-influence. The trans-effect on the Pt-L bond distance also affects the L-PT-L bond angles, as well as the distortion of square planar geometry around Pt(II) atoms.

Tandem High-Pressure Crystallography-Optical Spectroscopy Unpacks Noncovalent Interactions of Piezochromic Fluorescent Molecular Rotors.

To develop luminescent molecular materials with predictable and stimuli-responsive emission, it is necessary to correlate changes in their geometries, packing structures, and noncovalent interactions with the associated changes in their optical properties. Here, we demonstrate that high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction can be combined with high-pressure UV-visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopies to elucidate how subtle changes in structure influence optical outputs. A piezochromic aggregation-induced emitter, sym-heptaphenylcycloheptatriene (Ph7C7H), displays bathochromic shifts in its absorption and emission spectra at high pressure. Parallel X-ray measurements identify the pressure-induced changes in specific phenyl-phenyl interactions responsible for the piezochromism. Pairs of phenyl rings from neighboring molecules approach the geometry of a stable benzene dimer, while conformational changes alter intramolecular phenyl-phenyl interactions correlated with a relaxed excited state. This tandem crystallographic and spectroscopic analysis provides insights into how subtle structural changes relate to the photophysical properties of Ph7C7H and could be applied to a library of similar compounds to provide general structure-property relationships in fluorescent organic molecules with rotor-like geometries.

Investigation of the Effects of 0W20 and 10W40 Lubricating Oils on Cylinder Liner Wear

Proper lubrication regime in engines significantly impacts engine performance, fuel efficiency, durability, and environment. Lubrication regimes reduce friction between engine components, control wear, and ensure long-lasting parts. This study conducted experiments on a wear-testing device to determine the amount of wear between the piston ring and cylinder pair. The experimental work was performed at different loads and speeds. The tribological properties of 0W20 and 10W40 lubricating oils were examined in the study. As a result of the experimental work, when using 10W40 lubricating oil in the wear testing device, lower cylinder wear was observed compared to using 0W20 lubricating oil. The study found that the amount of wear increases as the load on the cylinder sample increases. The maximum cylinder wear was obtained under an 80N load. The minimum cylinder wear was determined under a 40N load. SEM images of the cylinder samples were also examined to determine the damage after wear.

PXLink: A simulation program of polymer crosslinking to study of polyamide membrane

Crosslinked network polymers have numerous important applications in engineering, biomedicine, and the environment. Establishing a crosslinked polymer network is an essential initial step toward studying the structure and function of polymer membranes. In this study, we developed a Python script named PXLink that integrates with GROMACS software to simulate the crosslinked aromatic polyamide (PA) membrane, which is widely used in desalination and water treatment. PXLink can create chemical bonds between the neighboring carboxyl and amine groups and relax the system during the crosslinking, utilizing energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulations implemented in GROMACS. The accuracy of our protocol has been successfully validated through a benchmark study of water diffusivity and the structural properties of a solvated membrane, including pore size distribution, membrane density, and the stacking of aromatic benzene rings (density profile and ordering). Moreover, the comparison between the dry and wet polymer membranes reveals that the swelling of the membrane surface leads to the expansion of subnanopores and the increased ordering of local structures. After the swelling of the membrane, the number of pores with a radius around the main region of 0.2 nm decreases, while more pores in the range of 0.22–0.38 nm are observed. There is also an increase in the orderliness of local structures, as evidenced by the increasing order parameter of aromatic ring pairs with a distance ranging from 0.7 to 0.8 nm. Our developed script will be a valuable tool for designing and discovering crosslinked polymers. Program summaryProgram Title: PXLinkCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/yjw2ghfzmh.1Developer's repository link:https://github.com/zchinet30/PXLinkLicensing provisions: GNU General Public License 3Programming language: PythonNature of problem: The formation of a crosslinked polymer network is essential for theoretical studies and numerous practical applications. However, simulating the polymer crosslinking process using conventional molecular dynamic simulations presents challenges due to its intricate nature, which involves a complex interplay of physical processes and chemical reactions within a large-scale system.Solution method: To address this limitation, we developed PXLink, a python-based script, which integrates with the molecular dynamics software of GROMACS for the simulation of polymer crosslinking.

High transmittance Huygens' metasurface with 360° phase coverage and its metalens application

Huygens' metasurfaces, as a class of artificial electromagnetic surfaces, have garnered significant interest due to their ability to effectively manipulate electromagnetic wave fronts. In this article, a Huygens' element with a simple design is discussed. The structure comprises a dielectric substrate sandwiched between a reverse-opening resonant ring and a pair of single-opening resonant rings. The proposed structure enables independent modulation of the electrical and magnetic response, particularly delivering transmittance amplitude of at least 0.8 and 0°–360° phase control simultaneously in a single double layer without vias. Based on this structure, we create a Huygens' metasurface focusing lens that gathers plane waves at the focal point. Then, a patch antenna is mounted onto this metalens to transform the radiated spherical waves into plane waves, increasing the antenna gain by up to 11 dBi. The experimental and simulated results demonstrate excellent agreement, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed metalens and the importance of the designed Huygens-atom for metalens applications.