Background Acute infective endocarditis (IE) presents clinical challenges due to its complex pathophysiology and potential for severe complications. Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) is an essential treatment approach, and nursing care plays a pivotal role in patient outcomes. The Innovative Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (IKAP) nursing model is a patient-centered approach emphasizing health education, behavioral engagement, and self-management support. This study aimed to investigate the association between the IKAP nursing model and wound healing following VSD in patients with acute IE. Methods A retrospective analysis of 240 patients with acute IE undergoing VSD was conducted from January 2023 to December 2023. Patients were categorized into routine nursing ( n = 117) and IKAP nursing ( n = 123) groups based on admission period. Baseline characteristics, VSD details, laboratory results, medication usage, hospitalization details, wound size reduction, pain scores, and postoperative complications were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to adjust for potential confounders. Results Baseline disease-related characteristics, VSD characteristics, and several laboratory parameters did not significantly differ between the two nursing groups. The IKAP nursing group demonstrated a lower white blood cell count (9.94 ± 2.29 vs. 10.57 ± 2.14 × 10 9 /L, P = 0.029), greater wound size reduction at week 4 (3.52 ± 0.82 vs. 3.77 ± 0.95 cm 2 , P = 0.034), lower pain scores at week 4 (5.45 ± 1.93 vs. 5.98 ± 1.85, P = 0.031), and reduced incidence of wound infection (0.81% vs. 6.84%, adjusted OR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01–0.89, P = 0.034) and other adverse events (1.63% vs. 8.55%, adjusted OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.84, P = 0.031) following VSD. However, these differences were not sustained at week 8. Conclusion The findings suggest a potential association between the IKAP nursing model and improved wound healing, pain management, and reduced postoperative complications in patients undergoing VSD for acute IE, particularly during the early recovery phase. Given the retrospective nature and observed attenuation of effects at week 8, prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Onboarding and retaining advanced practice providers in pain management: A call for practice management recommendations.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in primary sensory neurons are essential mediators of nociceptive signal transmission and represent promising therapeutic targets for pain management. Here, we demonstrate that Nav1.5, which is traditionally known to be a cardiac sodium channel, as a major determinant of mechanical sensitivity in the somatosensory system. Immunostaining and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that Nav1.5 is predominantly expressed in myelinated TrkB-positive A-fibre neurons within the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Through conditional knockout studies, we found that Nav1.5 deletion in TrkB neurons or DRG tissue specifically impairs mechanical sensitivity while preserving other sensory and motor functions. Notably, Nav1.5 ablation significantly attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity in both neuropathic and visceral pain models. Mechanistically, Nav1.5 contributes to action potential generation and firing patterns in TrkB-positive neurons. In summary, these findings establish Nav1.5 as a critical regulator of mechanical hypersensitivity.

Plantar fasciitis is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by degeneration of the plantar fascia due to repetitive mechanical stress that causes microtears, tissue irritation, and persistent heel pain, which can significantly impair daily activities and quality of life. Although conventional treatments are widely used, acupuncture has increasingly been explored as a complementary therapy for pain management. This study aimed to describe the implementation of acupuncture care for a patient with plantar fasciitis at the Bumi Sehat Acupuncture Clinic in Ubud, Gianyar, Bali. A qualitative case study design was applied to document the clinical management process of acupuncture treatment. The study involved a 55-year-old male patient who underwent six acupuncture treatment sessions during April 2025. Data were collected through the traditional four diagnostic methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine, including observation, listening and smelling, inquiry, and palpation, and were recorded using a structured client data sheet. The patient was diagnosed with plantar fasciitis associated with Cold-Bi syndrome. The therapeutic approach included acupuncture point stimulation combined with moxibustion to remove meridian obstruction, warm the channels, and promote the circulation of Qi and blood. Clinical evaluation across treatment sessions demonstrated progressive improvement in symptoms, including a gradual reduction in plantar pain, decreased heel elevation during walking, improved functional mobility, and resolution of calf stiffness and sleep disturbance. By the fifth treatment session, the patient reported complete relief from pain and regained normal walking ability, which was maintained at the sixth session without recurrence. These findings suggest that structured acupuncture care may contribute to pain reduction and functional recovery in patients with plantar fasciitis. The study provides clinical insight into the application of acupuncture as a complementary therapeutic option in the management of plantar fasciitis.

Acute pain management in European emergency settings faces persistent challenges, including inadequate clinical knowledge, training deficits, heightened emphasis on opioid stewardship, and concerns regarding drug-seeking behaviors. Despite previous guidelines, oligoanalgesia remains prevalent, with many patients experiencing suboptimal pain control. The evolving clinical landscape necessitated updating the 2020 European Society for Emergency Medicine (EUSEM) guidelines, considering emergent technological advances, the ongoing opioid crisis, aging populations, and continued pressure on emergency services. EUSEM launched the European Pain Initiative (EPI) to provide evidence-based recommendations for acute pain management in emergency settings and published guidelines in 2020. EPI convened a new project to review and update the previous guideline, rooted in the changing clinical landscape and experience. A systematic literature review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, searching MEDLINE, Cochrane database, Google Scholar, and EMBASE from January 2020 to May 2025. Publications were evaluated against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with evidence levels assigned to assist in developing management recommendations. The literature findings were integrated with the clinical experience of the EPI panel to reach a consensus on flexible, adaptable guidelines suitable for diverse European settings. These updated guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for adult (≥16 years) and pediatric (≥1-≤15 years) patients in emergency and prehospital settings, promoting a multimodal approach to acute pain management. The recommendations integrate the Channels-Enzymes-Receptors Targeted Analgesia framework with WHO analgesic ladder principles and emphasize systematic pain assessment, flexible routes of administration, and patient-specific decision-making. Nonopioid and multimodal strategies are prioritized, with opioids reserved for appropriate indications.

Pain is common and debilitating among adolescents and young adults (AYAs, aged 15-39 years) with cancer. Conventional pain management is often insufficient and carries risks, particularly opioid misuse. Integrative medicine (IM) interventions offer promising nonpharmacological strategies, but evidence for AYAs remains unclear. This scoping review mapped the existing literature on IM interventions for pain management in AYAs with cancer and identified gaps to guide future research. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from database inception through August 31, 2025. Eligible studies included AYAs with cancer receiving IM interventions where pain was an outcome. Data were extracted on study characteristics, populations, interventions, pain outcomes, and qualitative findings. From 3,494 records, 22 studies met inclusion criteria, with only 7 (31.8%) being randomized clinical trials (N were all less than 150). Interventions included acupuncture, massage, yoga, mindfulness, music therapy, exercise, osteopathic manipulation, aromatherapy, and multimodal approaches. Pain was a common reason for IM use in descriptive studies. Ten of 15 studies reported thatIM interventions improved pain outcomes either quantitatively or qualitatively. Evidence was limited by few prospective studies, small sample sizes, heterogeneous measures, and short follow-up. IM interventions may improve pain for AYAs, but evidence is extremely limited. Rigorous prospective research is needed to build the evidence base and inform integration of IM into AYA pain management. IM interventions show promise in reducing pain for AYAs, but AYA-focused intervention development and clinical trials are needed to guide evidence-based integration into routine care.

Introduction. Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition resulting from damage to, or disease of, the somatosensory nervous system. In oncology, it represents a significant clinical challenge, occurring in up to 40% of cancer patients. Effective management of neuropathic pain in oncological patients remains difficult, as standard analgesic regimens, including opioids, are often insufficient or associated with adverse effects that limit their use. Aim. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of pregabalin in the management of neuropathic pain among cancer patients, with particular emphasis on its role in neuropathy induced by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and postmastectomy pain syndrome. Material and Methods. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify only English- language studies published between 2019 and 2025 using the keywords: “pregabalin,” “neuropathic pain,” and “cancer.” Eligible full-text articles were analyzed with regard to methodology and outcomes. State of Knowledge. Pregabalin, a ligand of the α₂δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, is one of the first-line agents in the treatment of neuropathic pain according to current EFNS and NeuPSIG guidelines. The efficacy of pregabalin appears to be variable. Conclusions. Pregabalin has demonstrated a significant effect in reducing neuropathic pain in cancer patients. Differences in its therapeutic efficacy appear to depend on tumor type, the mechanism of neural tissue injury, drug dosage, and concomitant use of opioids or agents from other pharmacological classes. Furthermore, assessment of long-term safety and the impact of treatment on quality of life in oncology patients should remain a key focus of subsequent clinical trials.

CONTEXT:Sedation and pain management are core strategies used to manage discomfort, anxiety, and pain in intensive care; however, strategies to improve this practice are inconsistently implemented with differential effect.OBJECTIVES:We describe the development and psychometric testing of the Optimizing ContExt in Assessing sedatioN in ICU (OCEAN-ICU) instrument intended for use in intensive care to guide development of change strategies to optimize sedation. We also provide descriptive results.METHODS AND MODELS:A prospective instrument development study was undertaken in the United Kingdom. Clinical staff who self-identified as responsible for prescribing, administering, and/or advising on sedation to invasively mechanically ventilated intensive care patients participated. Developed from previous interviews and refined during pilot testing, the draft instrument incorporated 68 statements aligned with the theoretical domains framework. Interested clinicians completed an online survey. Item responses were summed descriptively. Congruence between rankings of agreement and importance were assessed descriptively. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis.RESULTS:252 usable responses were received from U.K.-based critical care clinicians (53 medical doctors, 149 nurses, 25 pharmacists, 16 physiotherapists, and nine other healthcare professionals). After refining, 39 items were retained with an overall internal consistency of 0.81 and construct validity of χ2/degrees of freedom = 1.86, comparative fit index = 0.73, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.058.INTERPRETATION:Areas of practice with high levels of agreement and perceived importance focused on the value of light sedation and the lack of progress in sedation minimization. Conflict between importance and agreement was reported in the effective assessment and management of pain, delirium, and agitation.CONCLUSIONS:The OCEAN-ICU instrument has been developed to determine barriers and facilitators to improving sedation practice in local intensive care contexts. Further validation is required before testing whether the development of change strategies based on identified barriers and facilitators are effective in optimizing sedation practice.

BackgroundVirtual reality (VR) is a novel technology with implications for pain and sensory processing. VR may serve as a novel, scalable method to deliver clinically validated therapy for pain management as an alternative or adjunct to opioids for acute pain. Given that psychological factors and pain perception are both components of postoperative pain, it may also be beneficial to incorporate modalities that decrease anxiety, such as active relaxation and guided meditation with VR. Unfortunately, these therapies are not widely available due to multiple barriers. VR has the potential to deliver pain-reducing, psychologically based therapy to children, thereby enhancing multimodal analgesia and potentially decreasing opioid use. This study investigates the role of VR in reducing pain and anxiety after surgery. Given the substantial risks associated with opioid use, particularly in younger populations, alternative pain management strategies are crucial.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of VR as a nonpharmacological intervention for managing postoperative pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, anxiety, and opioid use in children and adolescents undergoing Nuss repair of pectus excavatum.MethodsA single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care children’s hospital and research center. Ninety children and adolescents (8-18 y) undergoing the Nuss procedure were randomized to guided relaxation or mindfulness VR (n=30) and distraction-based gaming VR (n=30), combined to form the VR group (n=60), and a control group using a passive 360° video (n=30). Patients received a 10-minute session on postoperative days 1 and 2. Pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and anxiety were evaluated before and 0-, 15-, and 30-minute post-session. In-hospital pain scores, anxiety scores, and opioid use were collected.ResultsChildren and adolescents who participated in VR reported a significantly greater decrease in pain intensity from baseline (0.41, SE 0.23) compared with those in the 360° video group at 30 minutes (P=.04) before multiplicity adjustment but not after multiplicity adjustment. There were no significant differences in pain scores or opioid use between the VR and control groups on postoperative day 1 or 2, nor were there changes in pain unpleasantness or anxiety at any time after the intervention.ConclusionsDaily, 10-minute VR sessions provided some trends toward transient analgesic and anxiolytic effects, albeit none that were statistically significant. VR did not significantly decrease overall pain scores or opioid usage, possibly due to the limited intervention duration and high standardized opioid use. Future studies should investigate extended and more frequent VR sessions and the integration of VR with other therapeutic modalities.

Inadequate pain management with opioids fentanyl and morphine by paramedics and emergency physicians in rural Germany: an observational study.

Postoperative acute pain is a major obstacle to archiving key goals in modern perioperative treatment concepts such as ERAS® (enhanced recovery after surgery). Despite a multimodal pain management concept, some patients continue to suffer from severe pain. The aim of this analysis is to identify predictors of severe postoperative pain following elective minimally invasive intestinal surgery. Data from 49 patients, who underwent intestinal resection between April 2021 and March 2022 were used for this purpose. Various pre- and intraoperative characteristics were examined for their influence on pain in the morning in a univariate and multivariate analysis. Increased postoperative pain is defined by a NRS (numerical rating scale) of at least 4 at rest. It was found that patients with severe postoperative pain (n = 16) on the first postoperative day (POD) had a significantly higher BDI (Beck Depression Index) score of 16.1 (± 10.46) compared to patients without severe postoperative pain (n = 33) with 8.89 (± 7.03) (p = 0.007). In the multivariate analysis, the BDI score was also significant with an Odds Ratio of 1.14 (CI 95% 1.02-1.29, p = 0.002). On POD 2, patients with increased pain (n = 10) were significantly younger (53.1 years (± 16.40)) than patients without increased pain (n = 39) (65.8 years (± 12.64)) (p = 0.01). This was also confirmed in the multivariate analysis with an Odds Ratio of 1.12 (CI 95% 1.02-1.24, p = 0.019). It was demonstrated that a younger age, higher BDI score and the presence of IBD are significant predictors of severe postoperative pain despite multimodal pain management.

Pain is a significant challenge in critical care settings, affecting patient outcomes, recovery time, and quality of life. While pharmacological interventions remain the cornerstone of pain management in intensive care units (ICUs), they are associated with numerous adverse effects including respiratory depression, delirium, and prolonged ICU stays. To examine evidence-based physiotherapy approaches that can effectively complement traditional pain management strategies in patients who are critically ill. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of physiotherapy modalities used for pain control in ICU settings. The review focused on six key interventions: Early mobilization, positioning, postural management, manual therapy techniques, thermotherapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and photobiomodulation (PBM). Evidence supports the efficacy of physiotherapy interventions in reducing pain intensity and improving patient comfort in critical care environments. Early mobilization prevents complications of immobility while indirectly reducing pain through improved circulation and endorphin release. Proper positioning techniques alleviate pressure on painful areas and reduce the incidence of pressure injuries. Manual therapy provides pain relief through neural mobilization and muscle relaxation. Thermotherapy offers significant analgesic effects with minimal side effects. TENS and PBM demonstrate promising results as nonpharmacological pain management options, with PBM showing efficacy through its impact on cellular metabolism and neural pathways. Evidence supports physiotherapy interventions as effective nonpharmacological adjuncts to conventional pain management in critical care, demonstrating efficacy through multiple modalities that enhance patient comfort while potentially reducing opioid requirements.

Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder is a condition in which post-traumatic symptoms develop as a result of a traumatic birthing experience. The likelihood of developing childbirth-related PTSD is heavily dependent on subjective birthing experience, of which quality of interaction with healthcare providers has significant influence on. Racial-ethnic minority women face a particularly high risk of developing childbirth-related PTSD. The present review analyzes existing literature on racial-ethnic disparities in childbirth-related PTSD in order to provide a framework to discuss the impact of racial-ethnic background on subjective birthing experience, as well as its influence on the quality of interaction with healthcare providers. Literature findings indicate that racial-ethnic minority women often report poor quality of interaction with healthcare workers during childbirth, citing poor pain management, communication issues, verbal mistreatment that may include racially-insensitive commentary, and infringements upon autonomy. Certain stereotypes related to racial-ethnic minority women’s pain tolerances, intelligence, and conduct may sway healthcare providers’ decisions regarding pain medication management and joint patient-provider decision-making and communication. Despite the important negative implication of these factors, several steps can be taken to reduce their impact, such as culturally-sensitive prenatal treatment and trauma-informed intrapartum care.

Prehabilitation has emerged as a vital component in preparing patients for surgery and has shown efficacy in minimizing post-operative complications and hospital length of stay. Although evidence indicates that prehabilitation improves patient outcomes, understanding patients' experiences is crucial for optimizing these programs to ensure they are effectively designed to meet patients' needs. This study aims to assess and summarize patients' experiences and satisfaction with a prehabilitation program offered prior to abdominal or thoracic surgery. A cross-sectional survey was conducted 2weeks post-hospital discharge at a large tertiary hospital in Australia. Responses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Open-ended responses were analyzed using content analysis. Responses from 107 participants were included in this study. Overall satisfaction with the prehabilitation program was high, with most participants rating their experience very positive and indicating they would recommend the program to others. Participants valued the combined exercise and education components, describing the program as helpful in preparing them for surgery. Qualitative feedback highlighted areas for improvement, including the need for clearer pain management information, earlier referrals for longer participation and sufficient information at hospital discharge. This study explores patients'experiences with prehabilitation and provides recommendations to enhance prehabilitation implementation. Participants were highly satisfied with the program, especially with its multimodal aspect, highlighting the value of multidisciplinary education and exercise components. Additionally, several participants shared constructive feedback for improvement, such as increased supervision during exercise sessions. These findings provide valuable insights to guide the refinement of prehabilitation programs in similar healthcare settings, reinforcing the need for models that extend beyond clinical efficacy to be inclusive, adaptable, and informed by patients' lived experiences.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis, which is prevalent among older adults, often necessitates total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to alleviate pain and improve function. Postoperative pain and functional limitations remain significant challenges. Brief guided imagery (GI), a non-pharmacological intervention, shows promise in pain management but is underexplored in TKA patients. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of brief GI on postoperative pain, functional outcomes, and anxiety in patients undergoing their first elective TKA. Methods: Randomized controlled trial: 52 patients scheduled for first elective TKA were randomized to an intervention (brief GI plus standard care, n = 19) or control (standard care only, n = 23) group. Brief GI consisted of daily 2-min audio-guided exercises for up to 6 weeks after the operation. Outcome measures included pain intensity (NPRS), functional capacity (NFRS; WOMAC), and state anxiety (STAI). Assessments were conducted preoperatively (baseline), on the first postoperative day, weekly during the first five postoperative weeks, and again at the routine 5–6-week postoperative follow-up visit. Results: Of 52 enrolled participants, 42 completed the study. The intervention group reported significantly lower pain levels (NPRS) at weeks 2 (mean difference: 1.26, p = 0.042) and 5 (mean difference: 1.86, p = 0.004) compared to the control group, with a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.69–1.02). Functional outcomes (NFRS) were significantly better in the intervention group from week 1 through week 6 (p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed in WOMAC scores or STAI anxiety levels between groups. Conclusions: Brief GI, when integrated into postoperative care for TKA patients, significantly reduces pain and enhances functional outcomes over 6 weeks, though it does not affect anxiety levels. These findings support brief GI as a feasible adjunctive intervention for TKA recovery.

ABSTRACT Background Anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) is a prevalent temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) and a significant source of orofacial pain. Despite its frequency, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews that establish standardised, evidence‐based treatment strategies specifically for pain management in this condition. Methods This systematic review compared the efficacy of conservative versus surgical treatments for pain alleviation in ADDwoR. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect and MEDLINE, supplemented by additional resources, following PICOS criteria. Twenty studies were selected and categorised to address the following: (1) the difference in pain relief between conservative and surgical treatments and (2) the effectiveness of surgical treatment after conservative treatment failure. Studies on combination therapies were also included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Data were synthesised through a qualitative narrative synthesis. Results The synthesised evidence indicates no significant difference in pain relief between conservative and surgical treatments for ADDwoR. Notably, arthrocentesis and various combination therapies demonstrated considerable therapeutic potential. Conclusion Conservative and surgical treatments are comparable in their efficacy for pain relief in ADDwoR. Based on these findings, a standardised treatment model is proposed to improve pain management. The promising results of arthrocentesis and combination therapies highlight important directions for future research and the development of innovative treatment strategies.

This study aims to evaluate patient-reported peri-operative sleep quality and identify demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with poor sleep perioperatively among individuals with gynecologic malignancies. This prospective study included patients with confirmed gynecologic malignancies who underwent surgery between September 2020 and October 2023 and were admitted to the hospital for at least one overnight stay. Preoperative sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while postoperative sleep quality was measured with the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). "Good" sleep was defined as a PSQI score < 5 or an RCSQ score > 50. Statistical analyses were conducted using t-tests, Pearson's χ2, or Fisher's exact tests, as appropriate. The mean age of participants was 58.6years (SD 13.2); 68.9% identified as white, 50% had ovarian cancer, and 54.6% had advanced-stage disease. Pre-operatively, 56.1% of patients reported poor sleep, most commonly due to overnight awakenings from nocturia (67.4%) and vasomotor symptoms (28%). Poor sleep was more common among patients with cervical or vulvar cancer (p = 0.02), those using sleep medications preoperatively (p = 0.002), and those with co-morbid anxiety and depression (p = 0.06). Good post-operative sleep on post-operative day 1 and on day of discharge was associated with increased use of opioid medications (p = 0.007 and 0.02, respectively). Overall, sleep quality significantly declined during hospitalization (p < 0.001). Poor perioperative sleep in patients with gynecologic cancers was linked to cancer type, mental health, pain management, and the hospital environment with sleep deteriorating during hospitalizations. Addressing these factors may offer meaningful opportunities to improve sleep.

Background: Ac Lumbo-sacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) represents a common congenital anomaly at the lumbo-sacral junction, often associated with altered biomechanics, early degeneration and chronic low back pain (CLBP). Despite its clinical significance, regional data from South Kashmir remain limited. Objective: To determine the prevalence and types of LSTV among chronic low back pain patients in South Kashmir, using radiological evaluation (X-ray and MRI), and to assess associated degenerative changes and radiculopathy. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included patients aged 16–80 years presenting with chronic low back pain at MMABM Hospital, GMC Anantnag in South Kashmir, from June 2024 to May 2025. All subjects underwent lumbo-sacral spine imaging—either X-ray, MRI, or both. LSTV was identified and classified according to Castellvi’s classification1. Degenerative changes, adjacent segment disc pathology, and nerve root involvement were assessed. Data were analyzed for prevalence, laterality, and radiological correlations. Results: Of 208 patients evaluated, 35% (n=73) demonstrated LSTV on radiology. The most frequent subtype was Castellvi Type II (40%), followed by Type I (30%). Unilateral LSTV cases exhibited more severe degenerative changes and earlier disc space narrowing than bilateral types. Adjacent segment disc degeneration was observed in a majority of LSTV patients (70%), particularly at the L4–L5 level. Radiculopathy was present in a substantial proportion of cases with LSTV, frequently corresponding to foraminal stenosis or nerve root compression above the transitional level. Conclusion: LSTV is a frequent finding among chronic low back pain patients in South Kashmir, with a prevalence of approximately 35%. Unilateral variants are associated with more pronounced degeneration and radicular symptoms. Recognition of this variant on X-ray and MRI is vital for accurate diagnosis, classification, and management of low back pain

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the determinants of perception and attitude towards pain management options during labour among parturient attending the antenatal care clinic at Federal Teaching Hospital, Birnin Kebbi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 178 pregnant women selected via systematic sampling. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS version 27, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The age of respondents ranged from 17 to 45, with a mean age of 28 ± 5 SD. More than half of the respondents have a positive perception of labour pain management options (104; 58.4%). The majority of respondents (112; 62.9%) have a positive attitude towards pain management options. The determinants of a positive perception of labour pain management options were respondents’ educational status (AOR: 9.289, 95% CI: 1.196 – 45.037), partners’ educational status (AOR: 0.238, 95% CI: 0.079 – 0.720 and parity (AOR: 4.282, 95% CI: 1.410 – 13.007). The determinants of a positive attitude towards labour pain management options were educational status of respondents (AOR: 6.740, 95% CI: 1.528–29.720), partners’ educational status (AOR: 0.196, 95% CI: 0.060 – 0.643) and parity (AOR: 8.490, 95% CI: 2.139 – 33.753).Conclusion: Government and policymakers should establish programmes to ensure mass education for the populace, as education plays a key role in the uptake of health interventions.

Effect of perioperative preemptive analgesia on hippocampal GABAA receptor α1/α5 balance in aged mild cognitive impairment rats.