Packaging Bags Research Articles

Determination of Ultraviolet Absorbers and Light Stabilizers in Food Packaging Bags by Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A sensitive and effective extraction technique based on magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) was developed for separating and detecting trace amounts of ultraviolet (UV) absorbers and light stabilizers in plastic packaging prior to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The magnetic Fe3O4/Au composites were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation, and a HAuCl4 solution was added to the Fe3O4 NPs, followed by the addition of hydroxylamine hydrochloride as a reducing agent for Au shell formation. The main factors affecting the adsorbability of UV absorbers, such as the effects of pH of the sample solution, the amount of adsorbent, extraction time, and desorption conditions on the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), were investigated and optimized. The proposed method showed good linearity in the range from 0.75 to 100 μg/mL with good presenting regression coefficients (R 2) ≥0.9999. Low limits of detection (LODs) were achieved at 0.05, 0.14, and 0.04 μg mL−1 for 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy-benzophenone (UV-531), 2-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (UV-326), and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV-328), respectively. The mean recoveries were in the range from 88.06 to 100.29% at 2.5, 5, and 10 μg mL−1 spiked levels, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range from 0.98 to 3.56%.

Evaluation of Some Postharvest Storage Approaches on Essential Oil Characteristics of Fresh Organic Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Flowers

Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is an economically important species in the Rosaceae family for rose oil and rose water production, obtained exclusively from freshly-gathered Damask rose flowers. Iran is famous for producing organic rose essential oil, mainly used in the perfume industry and for folk medicines due to its healing properties. Due to their high perishability, postharvest handling of the flowers prior to oil extraction are a key point in rose essential oil production. In this study, postharvest handling conditions of Damask rose flowers were evaluated for the effect on yield and quality of the extracted essential oils. Organically-grown flowers were stored under different conditions included packaging in polyethylene bags and immersing into water containers, and then held at 25 ± 2 °C or 4 ± 1 °C for 1, 2, or 3 days. Identification of the chemical composition of the essential oils was performed by GC and GC/MS. The results indicated that petal storage in water resulted in the highest essential oil content and quality, and storage in polyethylene bags resulted in the greatest loss, compared to those from unstored petals. The results provide a reference for interested groups such as producers and consumers who are concerned about Damask rose flower storage and subsequent oil extraction.

IMPLEMENTASI THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS PADA UPAYA PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI OLAHAN BANDENG, DI KOTA BEKASI

<p>Competition in finding jobs increasingly tight, encourages efforts to establish its own selfemployment<br />by utilizing available resources. Research conducted on entrepreneur processed<br />bandeng fish in Bekasi, which produces ‘otak-otak bandeng’. SWOT analysis approach conducted<br />on aspects of production, finance and marketing to formulate strategic decision-making. Strategies<br />to increase production capacity were done by using the approach of theory of constraints (TOC).<br />There are 10 stages in the process of making the ‘otak-otak bandeng’. The result shows the<br />identification of constraints occur in the process of separating the thorn of the fish. Replacement of<br />meat grinder machine increases the efficiency of processing time by 13%. Furthermore, change is<br />made on the work procedures for cooling process and inserting fish in the plastic packaging bags.<br />The replacement of meat grinder machine and changing the work procedures for packaging has<br />saving the processing time up to 20%.</p>

The Environmental footprint of morphine: a life cycle assessment from opium poppy farming to the packaged drug

ObjectiveTo examine the environmental life cycle from poppy farming through to production of 100 mg in 100 mL of intravenous morphine (standard infusion bag).Design‘Cradle-to-grave’ process-based life cycle assessment (observational).SettingsAustralian opium...

Use of portable exposimeters to monitor radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in different microenvironments in Kathmandu valley, Nepal

Background: Spatial and temporal distribution of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) levels in the environment is highly heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to conduct measurements in different microenvironments in Nepal with portable devices using a high sampling to monitor RF-EMF exposure levels in a representative and efficient manner. Method: Using the portable ExpoM-RF devices that measures frequency bands between 87.5 and 5,875 MHz, we conducted RF-EMF microenvironmental measurements twice in 12 different microenvironments from Kathmandu valley, Nepal. The ExpoM-RF was carried in a bag pack by trained personnel at the height of the head. The measurements were taken for about 30 minutes in each microenvironment with a sampling rate of 4 seconds. Results: Mean total RF-EMF exposure in Kathmandu valley (Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur) was 0.65 V/m in city centers, 0.55 V/m in tourist centers, 0.44 V/m in residential areas and 0.40 V/m in industrial areas. For outdoor areas major exposure contribution was from mobile phone base station. The mobile phone base stations contributed about 84% in tourist areas, 80% in city centers and industrial areas, and 67% in residential areas. In terms of reproducibility, Pearson correlation between the first and the second measurements (arithmetic mean values) was 0.95 for total RF-EMF, 0.96 for mobile phone downlink bands combined, 0.82 for all uplink bands combined and 0.87 for broadcasting in Kathmandu valley. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that microenvironmental surveys yield highly reproducible measurements which allow monitoring time trends in RF-EMF exposure over an extended time period of several years. Collecting data for about 30 minutes with a sampling rate of 4 seconds by trained personnel provides data which is roughly representative for the corresponding microenvironment. The levels in Nepal are similar with the results from 51 different microenvironments in Switzerland conducted in 2014.

Anaesthetic efficacy of clove oil-coated LDPE bag on improving water quality and survival in the Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, during transportation

With brilliant colouration and long, flowing fins, the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) is one of the most popular species of freshwater aquarium fish. In the ornamental Siamese fighting fish business, stress is one of the major causes of fish injury, including collapse of the fins. To overcome this problem, attempts are being made to develop anaesthetic packaging, in which anaesthetic agents are coated onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) packaging bags and released from the bags. The feasibility of using clove oil-incorporated methylcellulose-coated LDPE bag as a packaging material to induce an anaesthetic effect on Siamese fighting fish during transportation was also investigated. Based on a criterion of fish transportation within 2 days, concentrations of clove oil in anaesthetic-coated LDPE bag ranging from 0 to 11.67 mg L−1 were determined using an aqueous dilution method. Clove oil-incorporated methylcellulose-coated LDPE bags, filled with either 150 or 75 mL water and with equivalent anaesthetic concentrations, induced an anaesthetic effect in a similar manner. After 48 h of fish exposure, the water quality in clove oil-incorporated methylcellulose-coated LDPE bags was better than that of the control treatment. This study demonstrated that clove oil-incorporated methylcellulose-coated LDPE packaging bag could be successfully employed for transportation of Siamese fighting fish; in turn, this will minimize a dropped price when reaching the destination.

Usefulness of Tablet-Type Device Usage during Neurosurgical Practice

This study aimed to validate the usefulness of intraoperative use of a tablet-type device in neurosurgical field. This study included 80 patients who underwent direct surgery for complex brain and spinal disorders in our hospital between April 2013 and March 2015. The operated disorders included cerebral aneurysm, intracranial and spinal dural arteriovenous fistula, meningioma, and vestibular schwannoma. By using the OsiriX HD software, the DICOM data were directly transferred to a tablet-type device (Apple iPad). Alternatively, by using the OsiriX HD or Amira software, the DICOM data were loaded to create interactive three-dimensional computer graphics on a personal computer and then transferred to a tablet-type device. The device was covered with sterile, translucent packaging bag. As a result, the surgeons could use the touch screen to browse and access radiological data of the patient undergoing surgery, without needing to leave the operation field or requiring external assistance for image browsing. The incidence of postoperative infection did not increase. In conclusion, intraoperative usage of the tablet-type device was easy and useful for surgeons performing surgeries for complex brain and spinal disorders.

Chlorophyll degradation and lignification of fresh-cut water fennel treated with a complex chemical solution and subsequent packaging.

Fresh-cut water fennel was treated with a novel complex chemical solution and subsequently packaged prior to refrigerated storage. Chlorophyll degradation and lignification were investigated. The complex solution consisted of 1.16 g/L calcium lactate, 150 mg/L zinc acetate, and 15.29 mg/L salicylic acid. Chlorophyllase, Mg-dechelatase, and chlorophyll-degrading peroxidase activities of water fennel decreased after immersion in the complex solution, which delayed chlorophyll degradation and increased L* and a* values. Complex solution treatment also reduced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and, thus, inhibited accumulation of lignin. After the complex solution treatment, packaging in high-density polypropylene plastic bags further retained chlorophylls and alleviated lignification of water fennel. Treatment with a complex chemical solution and subsequent packaging can maintain the quality, delay senescence, and improve the shelf life of water fennel.

Accelerated Weathering of Recycled Polypropylene Packaging Bag Composites Reinforced with Wheat Straw Fibers

Abstract In this study, there were two kinds of recycled polypropylene (RPP) packaging bags, RPP disposable packaging bags (RPP-DB) and RPP woven bags (RPP-WB), used as matrix reinforced with wheat straw fiber (WSF). The aim of this study was to investigate the relative degradation behavior of WSF/RPP composites with two RPP matrices under weathering conditions. The RPP packaging bags were blended with WSF by a two-roll mill mixer and then molded by a compression molding machine. The effects of accelerated weathering on the surface morphology, surface color, surface chemistry, thermal properties, and mechanical properties were evaluated after distinct periods; the total time of exposure of the composites in a QUV-accelerated weathering tester was 1,200 hours. The weathering degradation process of WS/RPP-DB was gradual from surface to interior, whereas the internal collapse aggravated the performance reduction of WS/RPP-WB. The weathering resulted in significant discoloration. The photobleaching of WS/RPP-DB was faster than of WS/RPP-WB. The Fourier-transform infrared spectrum suggested that the color change was closely related to the formation of carbonyl groups and degradation of lignin. After weathering, the thermal properties of WS/RPP-DB and WS/RPP-WB were both decreased. The flexural strength and modulus of WS/RPP strongly decreased with exposure time and was related to the surface crack of composites. The utilization of RPP packaging bags as matrix could be a good candidate of wood–plastic composites for applications in the future.

Master bag low-oxygen packaging system: Quality evolution of ground beef patties during storage, blooming and display presentation

Abstract Case-ready ground beef patties have been packed using a low-oxygen master bag packaging system with oxygen scavengers consisting in: storage for 10 days in low oxygen master bag (0.5 °C), blooming for different times and display life in air for 2 days (5 °C). The kinetics of blooming was studied as well as the effect of a PVC stretch film (with an O2TR – oxygen transmission rate – equal to 20,000 cm3 m−2 24 h−1 (23 °C, 0% RH, 1 bar of pO2) with or without perforation on myoglobin oxygenation and color changes. During storage in master bags, the scavengers allowed the progressive conversion of surface oxymyoglobin into deoxymyoglobin through the reversible formation of metmyoglobin (transient discoloration). The microflora shifted from aerobic to anaerobic with a predominance of lactic acid bacteria. The concentration of Brochotrix thermosphacta remained constant over the entire storage period. The removal of the trays from the master bag and the subsequent storage in air allowed the blooming of the meat within 60 min. The high O2TR value of the stretched PVC guaranteed rapid oxygen exchange, whereas the presence of the perforation did not contribute to a further increase in the superficial oxygenation. The quality decay during the display life was comparable to that of samples never stored in master bags. In conclusion, the use of low oxygen master bags was able to prolong the storage time on ground beef patties ensuring the current shelf life achieved with traditional packaging system.

Bag Pack Weight And Musculoskeletal Discomfort Among School Children.

Injuries and back strain caused by carrying too heavy back packs is a new form of injury in school age children and teens. A school based cross sectional study was carried out among 1000 school students aged between 10 – 12 years attending 5th- 7th standard with the objective to assess the back pack weight and musculoskeletal discomfort and their association with selected variables. The study was conducted at eight randomly selected schools of Udupi District, Karnataka.Cluster sampling technique was adopted for selecting the children. Weights of the bags were assessed using calibrated weighing scale and musculoskeletal discomfort was assessed using Standardized Nordic questionnaire (Kuorinka et al, 1986). The findings of the study showed that among 1000 children, 860 (86%) had musculoskeletal discomfort and 910 (91 %) children were carrying heavy bag pack. Children studying in fifth standard, aged 11 years, studying in English medium school and under CBSE stream had reported presence of musculoskeletal discomfort more than the other children. Children aged 10 years, studying in fifth standard, English medium school and under CBSE stream were carrying heavy bag than the other children. The study concluded that primary school children were carrying heavy bag pack compared to recommended weight.Musculoskeletal discomfort is independent of bag pack weight. However, carrying heavy bag pack may lead to musculoskeletal abnormality in later life

Bag pack weight and Musculoskeletal discomfort among school children

Bag pack weight and Musculoskeletal discomfort among school children

Cobalt-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles decorated graphene sensitized imprinted electrochemical sensor for determination of octylphenol

A novel imprinted electrochemical sensor was prepared based on cobalt-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles by one-step electrodeposited on graphene modified carbon electrode for the sensitive determination of octylphenol. Graphene nanosheets were firstly deposited onto carbon electrode surface by electrochemistry reduction method. Then the cobalt-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the graphene modification electrode surface. The electrochemical behaviors of the imprinted sensor were evaluated with cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in detail. The results showed that the prepared imprinted sensor displayed high sensitivity toward octylphenol attributing to the synergetic effect derived from the cobalt-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles and graphene. Under the optimized condition, the response currents of the imprinted sensor exhibited a linear relationship toward the negative logarithm of concentrations (С[OP]) ranged from 1.0×10−10 to 1.0×10−7molL−1 (R=0.998) with the detection limit of 3.6×10−11molL−1 (S/N=3). The imprinted electrochemical sensor was applied for the determination of octylphenol in plastic bottles, metal bottles and food packaging bags successfully.

Stability of Capsaicinoids and Antioxidants in Dry Hot Peppers under Different Packaging and Storage Temperatures.

The maintenance of the quality and storage life of perishable fruits and vegetables is a major challenge for the food industry. In this study, the effects of different temperatures, packaging materials and storage time on the stability of capsaicinoids and antioxidants, such as total carotenoids, ascorbic acid and total phenolic compounds, were studied in three commercially cultivated hot pepper hybrids, namely Sky Red, Maha and Wonder King. For this purpose, dry whole pods were packed in jute bags and low-density polyethylene bags (LDPE), stored for five months under controlled conditions at 20, 25 or 30 ○C and analyzed on Day 0 and at 50-day intervals until Day 150. The three hot pepper hybrids differed significantly with respect to their capsaicinoids and antioxidant concentrations, but the results indicated that with the increase in storage temperature and time, a gradual and steady decrease in these levels was equally observed for all hybrids. Overall, mean concentrations after five months were significantly reduced by 22.6% for ascorbic acid, 19.0% for phenolic compounds, 17% for carotenoids and 12.7% for capsaicinoids. The trends of capsaicinoids and antioxidants evolution were decreasing gradually during storage until Day 150, this effect being more pronounced at higher temperature. Furthermore, the disappearance rates of capsaicinoids and antioxidants were higher in peppers packed in jute bags than in those wrapped with LDPE. In conclusion, despite the sensitivity of capsaicinoids and antioxidants to oxygen, light and moisture, the packaging in natural jute or synthetic LDPE plastic bags, as well as the storage at ambient temperature preserved between 77.4% and 87.3% of the initial amounts of these health- and nutrition-promoting compounds during five months’ storage.

C109 高速で走行するプラスチックフィルムの連続加工制御(OS15 精密・情報・産業機器の制御)

Liquid packaging machine processes fast moving plastic film and produces liquid packaging bags continuously. The machines use rotary tools and coordinated velocity control of them. Two control schemes have been applied to produce arbitral size of bags. One is two-steps velocity control of the seal roll and second is a synchronous motion control of seal roll and cut roll. Previous machines employed programmed velocity pattern and the motion controller to achieve the pattern precisely. This paper proposes a simple control system, which switches the velocity command of the motor driver by using a positioning dog attached at a roll axis. The control system adjusts the high or low feed speed command according to the angles of feed roll based on the feedback control schemes. In order to examine the practical problems, a simple film processing machine was developed and experimental results using the machine shows that the proposed control system can be applied to actual machines.

A novel process for obtaining smoke-flavoured salmon using water vapour permeable bags

We aimed to optimise a new smoking–salting method using water-vapour permeable bags to obtain smoke-flavoured salmon. This involved a smoking–salting process with three salt doses (4, 6, 8gsalt/100g fresh salmon) and two packaging types: high barrier (HB) bags and water vapour permeable bags (WP) with different humidity levels (50%, 60% and 70% RH). The salting and vacuum packaging combination increased the salt concentration in the final product versus WP bag packaging. The lower the RH for WP-packed samples in the drying chamber, the lower the moisture and aw values. The 8% salt dose/60% RH samples came closer to the aw, salt content and moisture levels determined in commercial samples. In WP samples, 50% and 60% RH completely evaporated the water released by muscle. Sensory attributes of the new product obtained similar scores to the commercial product. The new methodology is suitable to obtain smoke-flavoured salmon with similar physico-chemical characteristics and consumer acceptance to a commercial smoked salmon reducing processing steps and brine wastes.

Armazenamento de sementes de Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp. (FABACEAE) em diferentes embalagens e ambientes

Parkia pendula (angelim-saia) é uma árvore natural na Amazônia brasileira. Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento germinativo e a qualidade fisiológica, suas sementes foram acondicionadas em embalagens de diferentes permeabilidades: sacos de alumínio, plástico e papel, e armazenadas por um período de seis meses, nos ambientes câmara refrigerada e ambiente natural. Foram avaliados: teor de água; porcentagem de germinação; tempos médios de emissão de raiz e plântulas; comprimento e massa seca de plântulas ao segundo, quarto e sexto mês, e a produção de mudas no início e no término do armazenamento. As sementes mantêm-se viáveis e com qualidade por seis meses de armazenamento. Em câmara refrigerada, as embalagens recomendadas são sacos de plástico e de papel. No ambiente natural, é possível usar os três tipos de embalagens. Sementes armazenadas na câmara refrigerada por seis meses produziram mudas de melhor qualidade para a característica relação altura/diâmetro de colo, para sementes armazenadas em saco plástico e saco de alumínio.

Development of Long-Term Storage Technology for Chinese Cabbage - Physiological Characteristics of Postharvest Freshness in a Cooler with a Monitoring and Control Interface

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop long-term storage technology for Chinese cabbage in order to extend the period of availability of freshly harvested products. The scope of the paper deals with the use of a cooler with a remote monitoring and control interface in conjunction with use of packaging film. Methods: A cooler with a real time monitoring system was designed as a low-temperature storage facility to control temperature and relative humidity (RH). The effects of storage in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic boxes, 3% chitosan dipping solution, polypropylene film (PEF) with perforations, and mesh packaging bags on physiological responses were investigated. The optimal storage temperature and humidity for 120 days were below 0.5°C and 90%, respectively. Physiological and biochemical features of cabbage quality were also analyzed: weight loss, texture, and sugar salinity, chlorophyll, reducing sugar, and vitamin C contents. Results: The cooler with a remote monitoring and control interface could be operated by an HMI program. A 0.5°C temperature and 90% humidity could be remotely controlled within the cooler for 120 days. Postharvest freshness of Chinese cabbages could be maintained up to 120 days depending on the packaging method and operation of the remote monitoring system. In particular, wrapping the cabbages in PEF with perforations resulted in a less than a 5% deterioration in quality. This study provides evidence for efficient performance of plastic films in minimizing post-harvest deterioration and maintaining overall quality of cabbages stored under precise low-temperature conditions with remote monitoring and a control interface. Conclusions: Packaging with a modified plastic film and storage in a precisely controlled cooler with a remote monitoring and control interface could slow down the physiological factors that cause adverse quality changes and thereby increase the shelf life of Chinese cabbage.

Validation a solid-phase extraction-HPLC method for determining the migration behaviour of five aromatic amines from packaging bags into seafood simulants

The simultaneous determination of five aromatic amines and their potential migration from packaging bags into seafood simulants were investigated. A validated HPLC method was developed for the separation and qualification of five aromatic amines in seafood simulants. By combining solid-phase extraction (SPE), these amines were efficiently separated on a Halo C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 2.7 μm, particle size) using a mobile phase of methanol/phosphate buffer solution (5 mmol l−1, pH 6.9) with gradient elution. The linear range was 0.1–10.0 mg l−1; the absolute recoveries ranged from 85.3% to 98.4%; and the limits of detection of the five aromatic amines were between 0.015 and 0.08 mg l−1. In this work the migration profile of aromatic amines from black plastic bags was investigated at temperatures of 4°C with water, 3% acetic acid solution, 10% ethanol solution and 50% ethanol solution as seafood simulants, respectively. The migration of the five aromatic amines under different conditions showed that residual o-methoxyaniline, p-chloroaniline, aniline and 2,6-dimethylaniline leaching from black plastic bags increased with incubation time. No detectable 3,3´-dimethylbenzidine was found to leach from the bags.

Food packaging bags based on thermoplastic corn starch reinforced with talc nanoparticles

Packaging bags from thermo-compressed films of thermoplastic corn starch containing talc nanoparticles (0, 1, 3 and 5% w/w) were developed. Mechanical properties of films were studied by two different techniques (tensile tests and quasi-static assays) revealing starch films reinforcement by talc addition. Strength improvement of thermoplastic starch films with talc concentration higher than 3% w/w was reflected in an increase in both Young's modulus and yield stress. Talc particles modified failure mode of thermo-seal of thermoplastic starch films giving another bags opening possibility. Usually, bags based on starch films could be only opened by tearing while those of starch-talc bionanocomposites could be torn or peeled off. Finally, in order to evaluate packaging bags tightness, films barrier properties were determined. Water vapor and oxygen permeability were reduced 54 and 26%, respectively, by talc addition (3% w/w) to thermoplastic starch.