Widespread dissolved oxygen supersaturation in Chinese warming lakes.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging strategy for cancer treatment and represents a promising approach for melanoma, one of the most aggressive and therapy-resistant forms of skin cancer. In this study, meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin complexes coordinated with palladium(II)/diphosphine ligands (Porf@dppe, Porf@dppp, Porf@dppb, and Porf@dppf; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, and dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene), previously shown to display favorable lipophilicity and efficient singlet oxygen production, were evaluated against human (A375) and murine (B16-F10) melanoma cells, as well as non-cancerous keratinocytes (HaCaT). Cytotoxicity measured after a 90 min incubation period yielded dark IC50 values between 0.6 and 8.6 μM, whereas light irradiation (λ = 415 nm, 1.8 J cm-2, 36 mW cm-2) resulted in markedly lower IC50 values in the nanomolar range (2-27 nM). Irradiation increased intracellular ROS levels, induced morphological alterations in A375 cells, inhibited long-term proliferation, and reduced cell migration, particularly for Porf@dppb and Porf@dppf. The highest cytotoxicity was observed for Porf@dppf, likely due to the redox-active ferrocene unit promoting Fenton-type reactions and enhanced hydroxyl radical formation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping experiments confirmed light-induced generation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion, with significantly higher hydroxyl radical production observed for Porf@dppf. The photodynamic activity of these complexes is attributed to efficient ROS production involving simultaneous contributions from both Type I and Type II mechanisms. Moderate binding to bovine serum albumin suggests possible albumin-mediated plasma transport. Overall, palladium(II)/diphosphine porphyrin complexes emerge as promising photosensitizers for melanoma photodynamic therapy.

Modeling and simulation analysis of capacity optimization configuration for low-carbon energy systems in oxygen-enriched coal-fired power plants using wind power for oxygen production

Advances in denitrifying anaerobic methane Oxidation: Emerging insights into the physiology and metabolism.

Non-photosynthetic microorganisms drive the transformation of bioinert emerging contaminants through photoinduced singlet oxygen production.

Lignin-based carbon quantum dots with adjustable singlet oxygen production for antibacterial application

Calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) effectively mitigate vanadium-induced toxicity in rapeseed by enhancing plant growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, and nutrient uptake while reducing vanadium accumulation. Among variety of heavy metals (HMs), vanadium (V) is an important and most ruinous metal found in the earth crust. Use of nanoparticles is emerged as an important strategy with promising discretions for the solution of HMs induced drastic effects on plants. This study intended to determine how calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) could alleviate V stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants through modulation of physiological parameters, activation of antioxidant defense systems, and regulation of stress-responsive gene expression. A greenhouse experiment was performed and utilized spherical CaONPs and size 8-20nm as foliar and soil application to mitigate the V toxicity in rapeseed plants. The three levels of CaONPs (10,20, and 30mgL-1) were applied via foliar and soil application to the rapeseed plants grown under V polluted soil (40mgkg-1 soil). The application of CaONPs (S-30/40 and F-30/40) significantly improved plant physiological attributes such as plant fresh weight (75.16% and 134.86%), dry weight (183.88% and 284.36%), and root length (49.64% and 101.59%) as compared to V-treated plants. Photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange attributes showed a notable improvement with the application of CaONPs (S-30/40 and F-30/40). Besides this, antioxidant enzymes activities such as SOD (68.62 - 95.43%), CAT (92.67 - 161.48%), POD (35.50 - 49.04%) and APX (52.08 - 91.14%) were increased with CaONPs (S-30/40-F-30/40) while decreased the reactive oxygen production in rapeseed plant grown in V-stressed plants. The CaONPs application also effectively improved nutrient uptake like N, P, K, Mn, Mg, and Ca and inhibited the V accumulation in root and shoot under V-polluted soil. The results imply that CaONPs use might play a major role in sustainable farming in promoting crop tolerance to HM conditions.

Two strategies to achieve high singlet oxygen quantum yields are uniquely combined here into a single BODIPY-based scaffold for dual-functioning near-infrared photosensitizers. A twisted BODIPY core is functionalized with electron-donating moieties via Knoevenagel condensation with the aim to take advantage of both twist-induced and spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing and thereby realize efficient triplet generation. All the synthesized molecules exhibit red-shifted absorption and emission, falling into the phototherapeutic window, and varying ratios of singlet oxygen production and fluorescence emission. In particular, the BODIPY derivative decorated with a dimethylacridine donor displays a favorable balance between singlet oxygen and fluorescence quantum yields (in chloroform medium). Quantum-chemical analysis suggests that the high singlet oxygen quantum yields primarily result from spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing, with transient absorption spectroscopy confirming the involvement of a charge-transfer state for the push-pull dyads. This work hence provides guidance for the rational design and optimization of innovative photosensitizers for image-guided photodynamic therapy.

Diatoms are globally significant microalgae that contribute ∼20% of oxygen production and exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity. The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum has emerged as a promising synthetic biology platform for the bioproduction of recombinant proteins, supported by a human-like N-linked glycosylation pathway. However, its α(1,3)-linked core fucose is potentially immunogenic in humans and thus limits its biopharmaceutical applications. One hurdle to efficient genome engineering in P. tricornutum is the lack of a robust system for simultaneous CRISPR/Cas9 editing at multiple sites. To overcome this limitation, we develop PHYCUT (Phaeodactylum tricornutum Csy4-Cas9 multiplex tool), a versatile plasmid-based CRISPR/Cas9 system that uses the Csy4 endoribonuclease to process multiguide RNA arrays. To highlight PHYCUT applications, we demonstrate multiplex editing of all three FucT genes responsible for α(1,3) fucosylation in P. tricornutum, yielding strains with reduced fucosylation of secreted proteins. PHYCUT enables facile, multiplexed genome engineering in diatoms and provides a foundation for humanizing the P. tricornutum glycosylation pathway to support next-generation algal biotechnology.

Optimization of cultivation parameters in a microalgal and cyanobacterial pyramid-shaped photobioreactor for enhancing indoor carbon dioxide capture and oxygen production

Aluminum and oxygen production by electrolysis after aluminothermic reduction of lunar soil simulant in cryolite melts

Mechanistic insights into light-driven self-regulation of microbial interactions and metabolic shifts in autotrophic algal-bacterial systems.

Abstract In the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical North Pacific off the Gulf of Tehuantepec, mesoscale eddies and offshore jets often develop in response to Tehuano wind events. These dynamic features play crucial roles in modulating the vertical distribution of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, biogeochemical cycling, and regional primary productivity. This study analyzed data from two BGC‐Argo floats deployed from 2022 to 2023 that followed distinct northward and southward trajectories while collecting data on a wide range of oceanographic conditions. The floats sampled anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies, a shear zone, and Tehuano wind events. The results indicate that the base of the oxycline coincided with the upper boundary of Subtropical Subsurface Water. Anticyclonic eddies deepened the oxycline, creating oxygen‐rich and nitrate‐poor conditions within the upper 100–200 m of the water column. In contrast, cyclonic eddies, the shear zone, and Tehuano wind events shoaled the base of the oxycline to 25–50 m, enhancing hypoxia, increasing nitrate availability in surface waters, and elevating chlorophyll‐a concentrations. Notably, some eddies sampled by the southern float exhibited elevated nitrate concentrations between 200 and 400 m, suggesting a seasonal intrusion of oxygenated equatorial waters that may have inhibited nitrogen loss. Overall, these findings highlight the intricate links between physical forcing, biogeochemical structures, and microbial activity in this region.

Photosensitizing tetrahydroxyphenyl porphyrin/human serum albumin nanoparticles for potentiated photodynamic therapy.

Diabetic foot ulcers, especially those affecting the heel, are among the most challenging and severe complications of diabetes mellitus. These ulcers are associated with high rates of morbidity, risk of limb loss, and significant healthcare costs. This comprehensive review provides an updated synthesis of the pathogenesis, classification, conventional and emerging treatment modalities, and the essential role of interdisciplinary care in the management of heel ulcers in diabetic patients. We further share our experience of the past 15years of diabetic foot management at a tertiary care center. While established interventions like debridement, off-loading, infection control, vascular assessment, and wound closure remain foundational, novel therapies such as negative pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen, and biological products are increasingly being integrated, particularly for refractory cases. A multidisciplinary approach, incorporating patient education and preventive strategies, is indispensable for improving outcomes and reducing recurrence.

Assessment of bacterioplankton community structure in relation to macrophyte cover in shallow lakes of the Pannonian Basin (Central Europe)

Sabatier-optimized co-incorporated CN catalysts for enhanced elemental mercury oxidation via an O2-mediated Eley-Rideal mechanism.

Facial transplantation offers transformative solutions for patients with severe facial disfigurements. Minimizing ischemia time is critical for preserving tissue viability, and prioritizing facial allograft recovery during multiorgan procurement aims to optimize outcomes. This study evaluates whether prioritizing facial allograft procurement affects the outcomes of non-vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) organ transplants. This retrospective study analyzed 4 VCA donor recoveries and face transplants at our center. Perioperative data, including operation times, blood pressure, oxygenation, urine output, and blood product administration, were recorded. Donor data were verified using the United Network for Organ Sharing database, institutional records, and data from LiveOnNY and Gift of Life organ procurement organizations to assess recipient and graft survival. Twenty-one allografts (VCAs and organs) were transplanted into 16 patients. The 1-year patient survival rate was 92% (11 of 12) among non-VCA recipients. One patient died during surgery, and 2 patients died more than 3 years after transplantation from unrelated causes. Three non-VCA graft failures occurred within the first year, resulting in an 87% graft survival rate. The median ischemia time for face transplants was 3 hours 18 minutes. Preoperative planning, including cadaveric rehearsals, computerized surgical plans, and 3-dimensionally printed cutting guides, contributed to stable perioperative parameters and reduced blood loss. This study suggests that prioritizing facial allograft procurement is feasible and does not appear to compromise non-VCA organ transplant outcomes. Further multicenter studies are needed to validate these findings and further refine protocols.

Radiodynamic therapy (RDT) enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing clinical radiotherapy doses. Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) based on high-Z secondary building units (SBUs) and photosensitizing ligands have been developed to perform RDT. However, the rapid recombination of electron-holes reduces RDT efficiency, and an abundant matrix prevents nMOFs penetration into tumors. In this study, we combine heterojunction engineering with nMOFs-based RDT for the first time to prepare an Hf-TCPP/Nb2C@PEG Schottky heterojunction (HTNCP). Relying on the Nb2C's exceptional electrons absorption and photothermal conversion, HTNCP not only promotes electron-hole separation in Hf-TCPP, boosting superoxide radical and singlet oxygen production by 2.64-fold, but also utilizes a mild photothermal effect to degrade the collagen matrix to promote self-penetration. Through sequential treatment involving irradiation 1064nm laser and X-ray, HTNCP can suppress the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer tumors in mice using ultra-low-dose X-ray (1Gy × 5). This novel radiosensitizer displays excellent RDT efficacy and provides a universal sequential treatment strategy of "matrix degradation-RDT killing" for clinical tumor radiotherapy.

Riboflavin modification of zero-valent iron turns peroxydisulfate activation pathway toward dominant singlet oxygen production for targeted tetracycline resistance elimination