Oxidative Stress In Postmenopausal Women Research Articles

The Administration of Resveratrol and Vitamin C Reduces Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women-A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

In postmenopausal women, due to endocrine changes, there is an increase in oxidative stress (OS) that predisposes them to cardiovascular and metabolic alterations. Sixty-one percent of women in this stage require a primary therapeutic strategy to decrease OS. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol and vitamin C on OS in postmenopausal women. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was carried out. Forty-six postmenopausal women with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 2.5) were included and divided into three treatment groups: group A: resveratrol, n = 13; group B: resveratrol + vitamin C, n = 15; and group C: vitamin C, n = 14. Between before and after the antioxidants, group B showed a decrease of 33% in lipohydroperoxides (p = 0.02), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 26% (p = 0.0007), 32% (p = 0.0001), and 38% (p = 0.0001) in groups A-C, respectively. For protein damage, group B is the most representative, with a decrease of 39% (p = 0.0001). For total antioxidant capacity (TAC), there were significant increases of 30% and 28% in groups B and C, respectively. For HOMA-IR, there were no significant differences among the study groups. Supplementation with this combination of antioxidants significantly decreases markers of OS in postmenopausal women. In addition, it increases TAC by up to 30%.

Evaluation of Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels to Assess Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women

Evaluation of Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels to Assess Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women

Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women with or without Obesity.

Oxidative stress, a key mediator of cardiovascular disease, metabolic alterations, and cancer, is independently associated with menopause and obesity. Yet, among postmenopausal women, the correlation between obesity and oxidative stress is poorly examined. Thus, in this study, we compared oxidative stress states in postmenopausal women with or without obesity. Body composition was assessed via DXA, while lipid peroxidation and total hydroperoxides were measured in patient's serum samples via thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and derivate-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) assays, respectively. Accordingly, 31 postmenopausal women were enrolled: 12 with obesity and 19 of normal weight (mean (SD) age 71.0 (5.7) years). Doubled levels of serum markers of oxidative stress were observed in women with obesity in women with obesity compared to those of normal weight (H2O2: 32.35 (7.3) vs. 18.80 (3.4) mg H2O2/dL; malondialdehyde (MDA): 429.6 (138.1) vs. 155.9 (82.4) mM in women with or without obesity, respectively; p < 0.0001 for both). Correlation analysis showed that both markers of oxidative stress increased with an increasing body mass index (BMI), visceral fat mass, and trunk fat percentage, but not with fasting glucose levels. In conclusion, obesity and visceral fat are associated with a greater increase in oxidative stress in postmenopausal women, possibly increasing cardiometabolic and cancer risks.

Age Related Changes in Indices of Bone Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women in Southern Nigeria

Age Related Changes in Indices of Bone Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women in Southern Nigeria

Blueberries Improve Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women With Above-Normal Blood Pressure via Reductions in Oxidative Stress

ObjectivesResearch suggests blueberries and their (poly)phenols may improve endothelial dysfunction, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of consuming 22 g/day for 12 weeks of freeze-dried highbush blueberry powder on endothelial function and other measures of cardiovascular health, oxidative stress, and circulating (poly)phenol metabolites in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure.MethodsWe performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women aged 45–65 years with elevated blood pressure or stage 1-HTN. Endothelial function was assessed as brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and normalized to individual shear rate area under the curve (FMD/SRAUC) to control for inter-individual variability in reactive hyperemia-induced shear stress. To assess whether improvements in FMD were mediated by reduced oxidative stress, FMD was assessed before and after intravenous infusion of a supra-physiologic dose of ascorbic acid. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were also assessed.ResultsA total of 43 women completed the trial (n = 32 for endothelial function). Compliance in the Blueberry and Placebo groups were 93% and 91%, respectively. Mean total plasma (poly)phenol metabolite concentrations were increased at 4 (250,053 nmol/L, P < 0.05) and 8 (303,053 nmol/L, P < 0.05) weeks in the Blueberry group compared to baseline (125,798 nmol/L) with a strong trend at 12 weeks (227,971 nmol/L, P < 0.05), and no changes in Placebo. Blood pressure and arterial stiffness were unchanged with both treatments. At 12 weeks, FMD/SRAUC was increased by 96% from baseline (P < 0.05) in the Blueberry group but unchanged in Placebo, and changes in FMD/SRAUC from baseline to 12 weeks were higher (P < 0.05) than Placebo. The response in FMD/SRAUC to ascorbic acid infusion was lower (P < 0.05) at 12 weeks compared to baseline in the Blueberry group but not Placebo.ConclusionsThese findings suggest blueberries improve endothelial function, and is mediated, in part, by reduced oxidative stress in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure, a high-risk population for developing CVD.Funding SourcesUS Highbush Blueberry Council and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

Markers of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome

During the postmenopausal period, there are metabolic alterations that predispose individuals to metabolic syndrome (MS), oxidative stress (OS), and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to compare the concentrations of OS markers in postmenopausal women with and without MS. Malondialdehyde, carbonyl groups, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were quantified. We conducted a cross-sectional study: Group 1 (n = 42) included women without MS, and Group 2 (n = 58) comprised women with MS. Participants’ age was similar between groups. Glucose, insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglycerides, uric acid, and body mass index were significantly lower in postmenopausal women without MS. OS markers were significantly lower in Group 1 vs. Group 2: malondialdehyde, 31.32 ± 14.93 vs. 40.27 ± 17.62 pmol MDA/mg dry weight (p = .01); protein carbonylation, 6325 ± 1551 vs. 7163 ± 1029 pmol PC/mg protein (p = .0003); and TAC, 1497 ± 297.3 vs. 1619 ± 278.8 pmol Trolox equivalent/mg protein (p = .041). OS markers were significantly higher in postmenopausal women with MS. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Oxidative stress has been implicated in numerous disease processes; however, information on the relationship between oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women remains limited. What do the results of this study add? Our results indicate that in postmenopausal Mexican women, oxidative stress markers were significantly lower in those without metabolic syndrome, whereas total antioxidant capacity was higher in those with metabolic syndrome, which could be explained as an antioxidant defense mechanism capable of neutralising excess oxidative damage markers. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study is of interest to a broad audience because it compares the concentrations of oxidative stress markers in postmenopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome. Our study could support intervention with supplements or foods rich in antioxidants as lifestyle modifications in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

A Systematic Review of the Cardiometabolic Benefits of Plant Products Containing Mixed Phenolics and Polyphenols in Postmenopausal Women: Insufficient Evidence for Recommendations to This Specific Population.

Menopause is characterized by endocrine and physiological changes and is often accompanied by increased body weight and cholesterol, glucose intolerance, and/or hypertension. These alterations are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that may be moderate by dietary plant phenolic compounds. In this review, we examine the current evidence of the impact of a variety of plant products (foods, extracts, beverages) rich in a mixture of phenolics and polyphenols on: (i) glucose and insulin levels; (ii) lipid profile; (iii) blood pressure; and (iv) biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. We critically evaluate both the results of a range of intervention studies conducted in this specific subpopulation and the level of evidence supporting the benefits of consuming those products after the menopause. Overall, the current available evidence does not allow for specific dietary recommendations of these plant products rich in phenolics and polyphenols in this high-risk subpopulation. Our data show rather variable and small effects of the different products examined on the cardiometabolic biomarkers and further support the need to: (1) improve the quality of the study designs and data reporting; and (2) understand the variability in the response of the different biomarkers and establish clear differences between healthy and cardiometabolic disease levels.

Assessment of Psychological Status and Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

ObjectivesDuring menopause, women may experience some physical changes that can affect their psychological status. Oxidative stress also increases with menopause, as decreasing levels of estrogen reinforce the deterioration of antioxidant status. To assess total antioxidative capacity, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and the correlation between psychological status and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was undertaken on 100 postmenopausal women (40–59 years). Blood malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidative capacity were analyzed, and psychological status was assessed using Rosenberg's self-esteem test, Zung's self-rating anxiety scale, and Zung's self-rating depression scale.ResultsOf the women, 38.0% had mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety (mean ± standard deviation, 50.15 ± 4.89), 21.0% showed depression, and 19.0% had low self-esteem. Twelve percent of the study population had mild to moderate symptoms of all three disorders. A statistically significant difference was found in the scores of anxiety and self-esteem (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001 in women with and without psychological disturbances, respectively). With regard to oxidative stress parameters, only superoxide dismutase levels showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.001), with lower levels found in women with psychological disturbance.ConclusionsWomen with depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem are in an oxidative challenge, which might be associated with estrogen depletion. A lower superoxide dismutase level is associated with higher depression and anxiety scores in postmenopausal women.

Oligopin® Supplementation Mitigates Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

BackgroundEvidence indicates a close association between oxidative stress and the etiopathogenesis of osteopenia. In vitro and animal studies report that Oligopin®, an extract of French maritime pine bark extract, has beneficial effects on oxidative stress. PurposeHere, we aimed to determine whether supplementation with Oligopin® affects bone turnover markers, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress markers in these patients. MethodsForty-three postmenopausal women with osteopenia were randomized in a placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial to receive either 150 mg/day Oligopin® (n = 22) or placebo (n = 21) for 12 weeks. Plasma levels of bone turnover markers; osteocalcin (OC), type I collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX-1), OC/CTX1 ratio along with total antioxidant capacity(TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, protein carbonyl, and total thiol contents in plasma, activities of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma as well as mRNA expression of MnSOD, catalase, and Nrf2 in PBMCs were measured at the baseline and the end of the intervention. ResultsOligopin® supplementation significantly increased OC levels and the ratio of OC to CTX1 in women with osteopenia compared to placebo intervention after 12 weeks. Oligopin® significantly decreased plasma protein carbonyl content in postmenopausal women compared with the after placebo treatment. Moreover, Oligopin® intervention significantly increased plasma total thiol content, TAC, plasma activity of both MnSOD and catalase, and the transcript level of Nrf2, MnSOD, and catalase in comparison with the placebo group. ConclusionSupplementation with 150 mg/day Oligopin® for 12 weeks exerts beneficial effects in postmenopausal osteopenia through improving the antioxidant defense system in the plasma and PBMCs that was accompanied by an increase in indicators of bone turnover.

Does resistance training have an effect on levels of ferritin and atherogenic lipids in postmenopausal women? \u2013 A pilot trial

The objective of this study was to determine if 15 weeks of resistance training (RT) can alter the levels of blood lipids, body iron status, and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. Postmenopausal women enrolled in a randomised controlled trial were allocated to either a sedentary control group (n = 29) or a RT group (n = 26). Blood samples were taken at week-0 and week-15 for all participants. Blood lipids and iron status were measured via routine clinical analyses. Immunoassays were used to measure oxidative stress markers. The RT group, with good compliance, was associated with significant reductions in ferritin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, ferritin was positively correlated with atherogenic lipids while negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein in RT women. This occurred without alterations in serum iron, transferrin, transferrin-saturation, C-reactive protein and oxidative stress markers. No differences were found in control women. This study suggests that RT in postmenopausal women both reduces levels of ferritin and counteracts atherogenic lipid profiles independent of an apparent oxidative mechanism. RT may be a beneficial intervention in postmenopausal women via an interaction between ferritin and lipids; however, further investigation in a larger cohort is essential.

The effects of isoflavone supplementation plus combined exercise on salivary markers of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women.

This study tested the effect of isoflavone supplementation in addition to combined exercise training in salivary oxidative stress markers in non-obese postmenopausal women. Thirty-two postmenopausal women without hormone therapy were randomly assigned to exercise + placebo (n = 15) or exercise + isoflavone supplementation (n = 17) groups. They performed 30 sessions of combined exercises (aerobic plus resistance) over ten weeks and consumed 100 mg of isoflavone supplementation or placebo. Saliva samples were collected after an overnight fast. Superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, catalase, total protein and nitrite were determined before and after ten weeks of the intervention. The ANOVA two-way analysis of variance was applied with α of 5%. Both groups increase (p<0.05) superoxide dismutase activity and decrease catalase levels. There was interaction (time × group) in both nitrite and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances results, with increase (p<0.05) in placebo group and decrease (p<0.05) in isoflavone group. No difference was found for total antioxidant capacity or total protein. The combination of isoflavone supplementation and exercise training can promote an antioxidant effect through reduction of lipid peroxidation and concentrations of salivary nitrite.

P3457Oxidative stress and left ventricular remodeling in postmenopausal women

Abstract Purpose To asses the level of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women in dependence of LV structural and functional changes and its filling parameters. Methods 203 postmenopausal women were included in the investigation: 142 women with surgical menopause (average age 44,3±5,4 years, menopause duration 3,8±2,4 years); and 61 women with natural menopause (average age 46,2±4,7 years, menopause duration 4,3±2,1 years). All patients underwent general clinical examination, menopausal index evaluation, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (Cardiotens-01, Meditech, Hungary), echocardiographic examination with systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) function assessment. We also measured erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), ultimate products of lipid peroxidation (Shiff bases), catalase activity and plasma general antioxidant activity. Control group consisted of 35 healthy menstruating women (mean age 39,2±4,2). Statistical methods such as Cruskell-Walles criteria and χ2 test were used. Results Only 39 postmenopausal women (19,2%) had normal LV geometry; 89 pts (43,8%) demonstrated LV concentric hypertrophy, 57 pts (28,1%) – concentric remodeling and 18 women (8,9%) –eccentric hypertrophy. All postmenopausal women showed signs of activation of oxidative stress while reducing the power of antioxidant protection systems, however, these changes were most pronounced in groups of patients with eccentric and especially concentric LV hypertrophy Nobody of included postmenopausal women had LV systolic function failure. Presence of LV diastolic function disturbance was the same in the patients with surgical and natural menopause (54,1% (33 pts) and 59,1% (84 pts), respectively, p=0,231) and did not depend on BP level: 59,1% (52 pts) in hypertensive and 56,5% (65 pts) in normotensive women, p=0,118. We detected that Shiff bases level in postmenopausal women with diastolic dysfunction was increased in 1,5 times in comparison with healthy menstruating women and in 1,3 times in comparison with those postmenopausal women who had no diastolic function disturbance (p&lt;0,01). The level of erythrocyte TBARs in this group was increased in 1,3 and 1,2 times respectively (p&lt;0,05). Erythrocyte catalase activity and plasma general antioxidant activity were decreased in all postmenopausal women in comparison with healthy ones (p&lt;0,01). The presence of LV diastolic dysfunction correlated positively with erythrocyte Shiff bases level (τ=0,47, p&lt;0,01) and negatively – with erythrocyte catalase activity and plasma general antioxidant activity (τ=−0,35 and τ=−0,35, p&lt;0,01 respectively) Conclusions Thus, oxidative stress may play important role in left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction formation in postmenopausal women.

Impact of Estrogen + Estradiol Receptor Alpha Modulator Therapy on Oxidative Stress in Post-menopausal Women With and Without Sleep Apnea

Impact of Estrogen + Estradiol Receptor Alpha Modulator Therapy on Oxidative Stress in Post-menopausal Women With and Without Sleep Apnea

Female Reproductive Hormones and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer

Background: Female reproductive hormones have been implicated in the etiology of breast cancer, while oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species have been linked to various steps involved in carcinogenesis including cellular transformation, proliferation and metastasis. Aim: This study assessed the serum levels of estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL) and some biomarkers of oxidative stress in relation with clinical staging in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Methods: One hundred postmenopausal women aged 50 to 70 years comprising of 50 women with breast cancer (with clinical staging II-IV) and 50 healthy women without breast lump or cancer were recruited into this case control study. Estradiol and prolactin were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma peroxides (TPP), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated by colorimetric methods while oxidative stress index was determined by calculation. Sociodemographic data and anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI)) were obtained by standard methods. Data were analyzed using Student t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation at P &lt; 0.05. Results: The percentage of women with breast lump, breast pain, nipple discharge, high alcohol and fat intake were higher in women with breast cancer compared with women without breast cancer ( P &lt; 0.05). The mean age at menarche, TAC, TPP, OSI, NO and E2 levels were significantly lower and BMI higher in controls compared with breast cancer subjects ( P &lt; 0.05). Women without breast cancer had lower TPP, OSI and E2 compared with stage II; lower TAC, TPP, NO and E2 compared with stage II; and lower MDA, NO and E2 compared with stage 4 respectively ( P &lt; 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between PRL and TAC (r=0.336, P = 0.011); PRL and E2 (r=0.296, P = 0.037) and negative correlation between NO and E2 (r=-0.295, P = 0.038), NO and MDA (r=-0.302, P = 0.033) only in women with breast cancer. Conclusion: Breast cancer is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and oxidative stress index which may be involved in the progression of the disease.

The Effects of Isoflavone Supplementation Plus Combined Exercise on Lipid Levels, and Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Postmenopausal Women

This study tested the effect of isoflavone supplementation in addition to combined exercise training on plasma lipid levels, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Thirty-two healthy and non-obese postmenopausal women without hormone therapy were randomly assigned to exercise + placebo (PLA; n = 15) or exercise + isoflavone supplementation (ISO; n = 17) groups. They performed 30 sessions of combined exercises (aerobic plus resistance) over ten weeks and consumed 100 mg of isoflavone supplementation or placebo. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast to analyze the lipid profile, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), before and after ten weeks of the intervention. There were no differences in the changes (pre vs. post) between groups for any of the inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers or lipid profile variables. However, interleukin-8 was different between pre- and post-tests (p < 0.001) in both groups (Δ = 7.61 and 5.61 pg/mL) as were cholesterol levels (p < 0.05), with no interaction between groups. The combination of isoflavone supplementation and exercise training did not alter oxidative stress markers in postmenopausal women, but exercise training alone may increase IL-8 and decrease total cholesterol levels.

The yerba mate intake has a neutral effect on bone: A case-control study in postmenopausal women.

Nutritional factors have been associated with osteoporosis and fractures. The intake of coffee may increase the risk of fracture whereas the intake of black and green tea is associated with its reduction. Recently, consumption of yerba mate was associated with increased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Nonetheless, its influence on fracture is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of yerba mate tea intake on fractures, bone markers, calcium homeostasis, and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. A case-control study was carried out in South Brazil, 46 women with fractures and 49 controls completed the study. There was no significant difference between the frequency of fractures in women who drank mate tea and women who did not (48.3% vs. 48.5%, p=.99). Moreover, there was no significant difference concerning the serum levels of total calcium, phosphorus, PTH, vitamin D, P1NP, and CTX in the subjects with the history of yerba mate use when compared to controls. Higher serum levels of NOx were found in women who drank the yerba mate infusion. In conclusion, the yerba mate intake is not associated with fracture, and it appears to have a neutral effect on the bone metabolism.

Plasma F2-isoprostanes Are Positively Associated with Glycemic Load, but Inversely Associated with Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Insoluble Fiber in Postmenopausal Women

Background: Dietary factors, such as antioxidant nutrients, contribute significantly to the maintenance of an appropriate balance between antioxidant defense and free radical production in the body.Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relation between oxidative stress as assessed by plasma F2-isoprostane (IsoP) concentration, glycemic load (GL), glycemic index (GI), intake of antioxidant nutrients, dietary fiber, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).Methods: This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data collected from a random sample of 269 postmenopausal women participating in the Minnesota Green Tea Trial. GL, GI, and dietary variables were calculated from the diet history questionnaire. Subjects filled out surveys about the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and physical activity. Plasma IsoP concentration was assessed by GC-mass spectrometry. IsoP concentrations were compared across quartiles of GL, GI, insoluble fiber, PUFAs, and antioxidant nutrients with the use of linear regression.Results: Antioxidant supplement intake, including zinc, copper, vitamin C and vitamin E, was reported by >60% of the participants. Mean intake of PUFAs was 12.5 g. Mean plasma IsoP concentrations increased from 34 to 36.7 pg/mL in the lowest quartiles of GL and GI, respectively, to 45.2 and 41.6 pg/mL, respectively, in the highest quartiles (P-trend = 0.0014 for GL and P-trend = 0.0379 for GI), whereas mean IsoP concentrations decreased from 41.8 pg/mL in the lowest quartile of PUFAs to 34.9 pg/mL in the highest quartile (P-trend = 0.0416). Similarly, mean IsoP concentrations decreased from 44.4 pg/mL in the lowest quartile of insoluble fiber to 36 pg/mL in the highest quartile (P-trend = 0.0243) after adjustment for potential confounders.Conclusions: We concluded that dietary PUFAs and insoluble fiber are inversely associated with oxidative stress whereas GL and GI are positively associated with oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00917735.

Quality of life among post-menopausal women due to oxidative stress boosted by dysthymia and anxiety

BackgroundMenopause is the onset of aging in women. During this process, some women experience physical changes that may impact upon their psychological and social status, also affecting their quality of life. Furthermore, several psychological changes following menopause have been shown to act as pro-oxidant, but the association between the psychological status that modify the quality of life and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determinate the relationship between oxidative stress with psychological disturbances, low self-esteem, depressive mood and anxiety, and quality of life in the postmenopausal women.MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional study with101 premenopausal and 101 postmenopausal women from Mexico City. As markers of oxidative stress we measured plasma lipoperoxide levels, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and total antioxidant status. We calculate a stress score as global oxidative stress status, with cut-off values for each parameter; this score range from 0 to 6, representing the severity of markers modifications. All the women were rated using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scales, and the WHO Quality of Life-brief.ResultsThe postmenopausal women with low quality of life in the WHO Quality of Life-brief and their subscales had higher stress score compared with premenopausal women with high quality of life (p < 0.05). We found a positive correlation among lipoperoxide levels and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Zung Self-Rating Depression score (r = 0.226 and r = 0.173, respectively, p < 0.05), and a negative correlation with WHO Quality of Life-brief scores (r = −0.266, p < 0.01) in postmenopausal women. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that average lipoperoxide levels increase by 0.0007 μmol/L for every 1-point increase in the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and by 0.001 μmol/L for every 1-point decrease in the WHO Quality of Life-brief, after adjusted for pro-oxidant factors. Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scales scores also contribute to increase lipoperoxides levels, but not significant.ConclusionOur findings suggest that oxidative stress is increased in postmenopausal women with psychological disturbances and low quality of life.

Dietary Weight Loss, Exercise, and Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Oxidative stress, a potential mechanism linking obesity and cancer, results from an imbalance between activation/inactivation of reactive oxygen species, byproducts of cellular metabolism. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated effects of diet and/or exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress. A total of 439 overweight/obese [body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2] postmenopausal women, ages 50 of 75 years, were randomized to 12 months of (i) reduced-calorie weight loss diet ("diet"; n = 118); (ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise ("exercise"; n = 117); (iii) combined diet and exercise intervention ("diet + exercise"; n = 117); or (iv) control (n = 87). Outcomes were circulating markers of oxidative stress, including fluorescent oxidation products (FOP), F2-isoprostanes, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). On average, participants were 57.9 years, with a BMI of 30.9 kg/m2 F2-isprostanes were significantly reduced in the diet (-22.7%, P = 0.0002) and diet + exercise (-23.5%, P < 0.0001) arms versus controls (-2.99%) and nonsignificantly reduced in the exercise arm (-14.5%, P = 0.01). Participants randomized to the diet and diet + exercise arms had significant increases in levels of FOP [control -5.81%; diet +14.77% (P = 0.0001); diet + exercise +17.45%, (P = 0.0001)]. In secondary analyses, increasing weight loss was statistically significantly associated with linear trends of greater reductions in oxidized LDL and in F2-isoprostanes and increases in FOP. Compared with controls, exercise participants whose maximal oxygen consumption increased had significant decreases in levels of F2-isoprostanes and in oxidized LDL and increases in FOP. Dietary weight loss, with or without exercise, significantly reduced some markers of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 835-43. ©2016 AACR.

Effects of Hormone Therapy on Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral hormone therapy (HT) on oxidative stress (OS) in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out. We formed four groups of 25 women each; healthy (HW) and MetS women (MSW) were assigned to HT (1 mg/day of estradiol valerate plus 5 mg/10 day of medroxiprogesterone) or placebo. We measured plasma lipoperoxides, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, total plasma antioxidant status and uric acid, as OS markers. Alternative cut-off values of each parameter were defined and a stress score (SS) ranging from 0 to 7 was used as total OS. MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. Participants were seen at baseline, 3 and 6 months. After 6 months, MetS decreased in MSW-HT (48%), their triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) improved; in the other groups no difference was found. SS in MSW-HT decreased (3.8 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.3, p < 0.05) and OS was also reduced (44%), this effect was evident since 3 mo. HW-HT with high OS also decreased (40%). In placebo groups there was no change. Our findings suggest that HT improve lipids and OS associated to MetS in postmenopausal women.