Oxford Forestry Institute Research Articles

EVALUATION OF Gliricidia sepium PROVENANCES IN THE INTERMEDIATE ZONE OF SRI LANKA

Seven selected Gliricidia sepium provenances from the Oxford Forestry Institute were evaluated for growth, soil improvement, competition with Agricultural crops and woody biomass production, in two experiments, a pure plot and an alley cropping experiment, at Dodangolla Experiment Station, Kundasale in the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka.The height, basal diameter and number of branches of different provenances differed; but outstanding were local cutting, 17/84 and 14/84 at the first lopping, one year after planting. Height and diameter of local cutting were significantly better than the others due to stage of growth and availability of resource material. In the pure plot experiment the control Acacia showed its best performance in number of branches which was significantly different from G.sepium provenances. In the alley cropping experiment, local cutting and 14/84 showed better yields of agricultural crops compared to other provenances. The woody biomass production was very high in local cutting and 14/84, and significantly better than other provenances. All seven provenances contributed to improvement of soil Nitrogen (N) but only for Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K), were significant differences observed among the provenances. In soil improvement, the outstanding were 14/86, 10/86, 14/84 and local cutting. These provenances could be recommended for planting for soil improvement.After evaluating for growth, soil improvement and woody biomass production, local cutting (the best performer), 17/84, and 14/84 could be recommended as more suitable for planting in the mid-country intermediate zone of Sri Lanka.

Lysiloma (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in Mesoamerica

As part of a collaborative project with partners in Costa Rica and Honduras, the Oxford Forestry Institute (OFI) is currently preparing a sourcebook of priority agroforestry tree species for use by farmers and extension workers in Mesoamerica. The species selected for review have been chosen through consultation with farmers and local users throughout the region. As such, the sourcebook will provide information on the ecology and socio-economic aspects of use and cultivation of up to 150 dry and humid zone species where utility has been defined by farmer preference, for their role in farm-planting, ecological restoration and natural regeneration across the range of reforestation options (e.g. living fences, shelter trees, small blocks etc.). Species in the genus Lysiloma were consistently rated highly in the surveys (CorderoSalvado 2000) since they grow well on poor soils, set seed annually and have a variety of uses. Lysiloma (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) is a genus of small to medium-sized unarmed trees adapted to monsoon and desert climates in the New World tropics and sub-tropics. Most members of the genus are frequent components of degraded and secondary tropical dry forest, though the genus is also represented in savannah scrubland and in moist evergreen and semi-deciduous forest. Chiefly a Mexican genus, its range extends from the extreme southern United States (Arizona and Florida), through Central America as far south as northern Costa Rica, and eastwards into the Caribbean (Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic and the Bahamas). It occurs on coastal dunes and on shallow limestone soils, to midelevation well-drained rocky sites up to 2000 m altitude, with annual rainfall ranging from 1000 2000 mm. The species in Mesoamerica (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama and Mexico east of the Isthmus of

Pinus caribaea in China: introduction, genetic resources and future prospects

Pinus caribaea var. caribaea from Cuba was introduced to southern China in 1961 with P. caribaea var. hondurensis from Guatemala and P. caribaea var. bahamensis following in 1973. However, it was not until 1983 that combined variety/provenance tests were established on several sites with a range of provenances. It was reported that significant differences existed in quantitative genetic traits such as growth rate among the three varieties and P. elliottii which was used as a control. During the period from 1973–1978, 12 seed orchards or seed production areas of P. caribaea var. caribaea were established in Guangdong and Guangxi covering a total area of about 70 ha. All trees were grafted onto root stocks of P. elliottii or P. massoniana. Seed production was very low varying between 8–50 kg/ha on an annual basis. A combined provenance/progeny trial and gene bank of P. caribaea var. bahamensis was established in Guangxi in 1990 using seed provided by Oxford Forestry Institute with 14 provenances and 121 open-pollinated families representing the whole range of the variety. A breeding seedling orchard of P. caribaea var. caribaea was established in early 1995 in Guangdong Province using a multiple population breeding strategy. The main population consists of 220 families representing the natural stands and a selected population of a seed orchard in Cuba and land races developed in Brazil and China. It will be managed as a breeding seed orchard for genetic testing, selecting and seed production. There are six sub-populations subdivided by seed origins with open pollinated families varying from 16 to 75 in each. The total area of plantations of this species in China is now estimated to be over 40 000 ha. It is foreseen that Pinus caribaea could become even more important in plantation forestry in southern China and the area of this species could be expected to reach 100–150 000 ha by the year 2010.

Utilisation of Leucaena diversifolia, Leucaena esculenta, Leucaena pallida and Calliandra calothyrsus as nitrogen supplements for growing goats fed maize stover

Three psyllid resistant Leucaena species ( Leucaena esculenta sub-species paniculata (Oxford Forestry Institute, accession number 52/87), L. diversifolia sub-species stenorcarpa (Oxford Forestry Institute, accession number 53/88) and L. pallida offspring of Commonwealth Plant Introduction, number 85890)) and Calliandra calothyrsus (Oxford Forestry Institute, accession number 9/89) were evaluated for their potential as supplements for growing goats fed maize ( Zea mays) stover, using chemical analyses, in vivo digestibility and a growth trial. Leucaena esculenta forage had the highest ( P<0.001) content of nitrogen (38.3 g kg −1 DM) compared to L. diversifolia, L. pallida and C. calothyrsus, with 36.3, 34.8 and 34.0 g kg −1 DM, respectively. Levels of insoluble proanthocyanidins and soluble phenolics were highest ( P<0.001) in C. calothyrsus forage, moderate in L. esculenta and L. diversifolia and lowest ( P<0.001) in L. Pallida. Soluble proanthocyanidin concentrations differed significantly ( P<0.001) between fodder tree legumes and ranked in the order L. esculenta and L. diversifolia > C. calothyrsus > L. pallida. Mean apparent digestibility coefficient of nitrogen for the diets supplemented with C. calothyrsus, L. diversifolia and L. pallida was 0.56 and differed significantly ( P<0.001) from that reported for goats on L. esculenta (0.46). Highest ( P>0.05) nitrogen retention was reported for goats on the L. diversifolia supplement (0.45 g kg −1 W 0.75 per day) and the mean nitrogen retention for goats on C. calothyrsus, L. esculenta and L. pallida was 0.43 g kg −1 W 0.75 per day. In the growth trial, total dry matter intake was highest ( P<0.05) with goats on the L. pallida and C. calothyrsus supplemented diets. Growth rate during the last 35 days of the study was highest ( P<0.001) for goats on the C. calothyrsus supplement (44.2 g per day) reflecting a high nitrogen use efficiency, while those fed the L. esculenta, L. diversifolia and L. pallida gained 27.5, 37.8 and 40.6 g per day, respectively. The different impact of tree fodder proanthocyanidins on animal responses emphasises the need to identify and define their chemical and functional structures in order to understand the biological effects of different proanthocyanidins on ruminant performance.

The Definition of Seasonal Growth Zones in Some African Acacia Species - A Review

This paper reviews and summarizes the results of investigations at the Oxford Forestry Institute on the occurrence of seasonal growth rings in the wood of one of Africa's most widely distributed genera in the arid areas, Acacia. The ring boundaries are marked by fine marginal parenchyma containing small crystals of Ca-oxalate. Rings are usually annual and produced in the rainy season. Ring width is related to precipitation and/or minimum temperature. Rooting characteristics of the various species studied influence the type of relationship found.

Notes on Albizia niopoides (Spruce ex Benth.) Burkart (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

A. niopoides is a potential multipurpose tree due to its large shade-giving crown with a diameter up to 20 m (data from herbarium labels of Venezuelan populations), its tolerance of dry areas, its hard wood of high quality (which is used for railway sleepers), and its usually large production of fruits for forage (data taken from herbarium labels). Alongside the main focus on Leucaena and Gliricidia, Albizia species have been collected and studied by the Oxford Forestry Institute during the last 10 years as trees of potential use for tropical reafforestation (ODA Research scheme R-4091) and A. niopoides has been extensively collected within this research programme. Recently, while dealing with a query from the Oxford Forestry Institute about an Indian species of Albizia, I found an isotype of Albizia richardiana King & Prain in the Kew herbarium. This also corresponds to A. niopoides. In the protologue of A. richardiana a brief history of the material on which this name is based is explained. The tree was first cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta in 1841 and it was believed, erroneously, to be a native of Madagascar. According to King & Prain (in King, Duthie & Prain 1906), seeds of this plant were received by Wallich with a note stating "Gagnebina spec. Bel arbre de Madagascar". Later, Voigt (1845) listed it as Gagnebina richardiana Wall. In the original description of A. richardiana (King & Prain 1906) there is a drawing of the plant and a photograph of the whole tree showing the characteristic bark and wide crown typical of A. niopoides. A. niopoides is more widely distributed than previously thought and the relevant synonymy is presented below.

Marginal Parenchyma Bands and Crystalliferous Chains as Indicators of Age in African Acacia Species

The radial cross sections of wood samples from individuals of known age in six African Acacia species were examined for growth rings, which were apparent in most species as narrow bands of marginal parenchyma filled with long crystal chains. The number of bands formed annually corresponded to the number of peaks in rainfall distribution. Samples from specimens of African Acacia species from the Oxford Forestry Institute's xylarium (FHOw) were also examined for similar crystalliferous chains, which were generally present. These results suggest that marginal parenchyma bands and crystalliferous chains define growth phases in African Acacia species, and may therefore be useful for age determination.

Tropical forest genetics at the Oxford Forestry Institute : Exploration, evaluation, utilization and conservation of genetic resources

Research and development of tropical tree genetic resources began at the Oxford Forestry Institute (OFI) in 1963 with Pinus caribaea. The sequence started with exploration of the natural distribution, a study of variation through classical taxonomic procedures backed up by chemotaxonomy and isozyme analysis, and observations on general morphology. Seed was collected to cover the range of variation, then processed, tested and stored in England, and distributed for trial at representative sites and in recommended designs. Standardized assessment techniques were developed and evaluation of the field trials was conducted by OFI staff for a selection of sites and by national staff in the other locations. Following analysis, interpretation and publication of the data, second-stage seed collections were made from the most promising natural populations and scions were collected from selected phenotypes in the provenance trials themselves; these scions were shipped to Oxford and bulked through grafting, and will eventually be transferred to field sites as packaged seed-orchards and breeding populations through scions and micropropagules. The second sampling was structured to gain a better understanding of variation in the promising provenances. Appropriate breeding strategies were evolved and practically implemented through direct advice to participating countries, and a philosophy was developed for the conservation of genetic diversity, both in situ and ex situ. This work with P. caribaea created the capability in terms of specialist staff and facilities for the full genetic development and conservation of a species. As current needs have been indicated by world forestry forums, more species have been brought into the programme including other tropical pines (for example P. oocarpa, P. tecunumanii), various tropical and sub-tropical timber hardwoods (e.g. Cedrela and Cordia species) and dry-zone species for multipurpose use in agroforestry and silvo-pastoral systems (including Gliricidia, Leucaena and Parkinsonia species from central America and Acacia species from eastern Africa). During the past 25 years, the OFI has distributed over 22 000 separate seedlots of 108 species to 122 countries. Many overseas graduate students have used material from these trials for their research degrees. All records of origin, distribution, assessment and literature for each seedlot are maintained in a computerized database. Expansion of the OFI's gel-electrophoresis and tissue-culture laboratories are seen as important steps to increase the efficacy and speed with which tree species can be conserved and bred in the future.

Pulp and paper research at the Oxford Forestry Institute

Pulp and paper research at the Oxford Forestry Institute

Depletion and Conservation of Japan's Forests

Conservation BiologyVolume 4, Issue 1 p. 104-111 Free Access Depletion and Conservation of Japan's Forests First published: March 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00274.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Book reviewed in this article: The Green Archipelago: Forestry in Preindustrial Japan. Totman, C. Conservation Biology: Outlook for the Future Conservation for the Twentyfirst Century. Western, D., and Pearl, M., editors. Conservation Biology: Hawai'I Conservation Biology in Hawai'i. Stone, C. P., and Stone, D. B. Important Recent Developments in Valuing Environmental Goods Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Mitchell, R. C., and Carson, R. T. Tropical Forest Conservation: Getting the Act Together The Future of the Tropical Rain Forest. Proceedings of an international conference organized by the Oxford Forestry Institute. McDermott, M. J., editor. Saving the Tropical Forests. Gradwohl, J., and Greenberg, R. Crop Breeders' Use of Gene Bank Collections The Use of Plant Genetic Resources. Brown, A. H. D., Frankel, O.H., Marshall, D.R., and Williams, J. T., editors. Volume4, Issue1March 1990Pages 104-111 RelatedInformation

Pinus maximinoi:A Promising Species in South Africa

SYNOPSIS A number of provenance trials of Pinus pseudostrobus initiated by the Oxford Forestry Institute were planted in the Eastern Transvaal Forest Region. Taxonomic studies later revealed that many of the provenances included in these trials were P. maximinoi (previously known as P. tenuifolia) and not P. pseudostrobus. Four-year results from one of these trials indicated that the Honduras and Guatemalan provenances of P. maximinoi had better growth than P. pseudostrobus, South African P. elliottii first generation seed orchard check lots, and Nicaraguan provenances of P. maximinoi. They were also equivalent to South African P. patula check lots. Several P. maximinoi provenances were above average for stem and crown form. Presently the South African forestry industry relies on only three major pine species in the summer rainfall regions, viz P. patula, P. taeda and P. elliottii. These three species constitute 81% of the total softwood afforested area in South Africa. Owing to the promising growth of P....

Provenance Variation in Stem Volume and Wood Density ofPinus oocarpaandP. patulassp.tecunumaniiGrowing at Two Elevations in South Africa

SYNOPSIS Provenance trials of Pinus oocarpa Schiede and P. patula Schiede and Deppe ssp. tecunumanii (Eguiluz and Perry) Styles of the international series coordinated by the Oxford Forestry Institute, University of Oxford, were established in South Africa at the Wilgeboom State forest (945 m) and the KwaMbonambi State forest (65 m) in 1973. The trials were assessed in 1980 for volume under bark and wood density and these two traits plus the derived indices of within sample density variation and dry matter index were analysed. Statistically, there were highly significant differences (p<0,001) between provenances for the four traits at both locations with the exception of density at the KwaMbonambi State forest (p<0,25). The five provenances common to both locations produced 92% more volume under bark and were 12% higher in density at the Wilgeboom State forest indicating that sites in the Eastern Transvaal are more suitable for P. oocarpa/P. patula ssp. tecunumanii plantations than sites in Zululand. In contrast to the P. oocarpa/P. patula ssp. tecunumanii provenances, the P. elliottii Engelm. seed source had a higher density at lower altitude and this is similar to the results normally encountered for P. caribaea Morelet.

Provenance Variation in Stem Volume and Wood Density ofPinus caribaeaGrowing at Two Elevations in South Africa

SYNOPSIS Provenance trials of Pinus caribaea Morelet of the international series coordinated by the Oxford Forestry Institute, University of Oxford, were established at the Mariti State forest (1000 m) in 1974 and the KwaMbonambi State forest (65 m) in 1973. The trials were assessed in 1980 for volume under bark (VUB) and wood density (DEN) and these two traits plus the derived indices of within sample density variation (VAR) and dry matter index (DMI) were analysed. Statistically, there were highly significant differences (p<0,001) between provenances for the four traits at both locations with the exception of DEN at the Mariti State forest (p<0,025). The 10 provenances common to both locations produced 67% more VUB at the KwaMbonambi State forest and had a DEN that was 11% higher. Simple correlation coefficients were calculated for the assessed traits for the 10 provenances common to both locations. Provenance means between locations were significantly (p<0,01) correlated for the traits VAR, VUB and DMI but not for DEN. The P. caribaea var. hondurensis Barrett and Golfari provenance Guanaja was above average for DEN, VUB and DMI and was among the lowest for VAR at both locations while provenances of P. caribaea var. caribaea Barrett and Golfari were almost always below the trial mean for VUB and DMI at both locations.

NOTICES

Journal Article NOTICES Get access S N Pryor and P S SavillSilvicultural systems for broadleaved woodland in Britain . Occasional Paper 32, Oxford Forestry Institute, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford 1986 pp. 47 (unpriced) Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, Volume 60, Issue 1, 1987, Page 162, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/60.1.162-a Published: 01 April 1987

The Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford: Report for 1954–55

The Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford: Report for 1954–55

Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford: Report for 1953–54

Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford: Report for 1953–54

FIBRE LENGTH IN STOREYED HARDWOODS

Acta Botanica NeerlandicaVolume 4, Issue 3 p. 339-347 FIBRE LENGTH IN STOREYED HARDWOODS L. CHALK, L. CHALK Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorE. B. MARSTRAND, E. B. MARSTRAND Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorJ. P. DE C. WALSH, J. P. DE C. WALSH Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this author L. CHALK, L. CHALK Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorE. B. MARSTRAND, E. B. MARSTRAND Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorJ. P. DE C. WALSH, J. P. DE C. WALSH Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1955 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1955.tb00335.xCitations: 8AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume4, Issue3October 1955Pages 339-347 RelatedInformation

Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford: Annual Report for 1951–52

Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford: Annual Report for 1951–52

Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford: Annual Report for 1949–50

Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford: Annual Report for 1949–50

NOTICES

Journal Article NOTICES Get access Forestry Commission, Cambial Injuries in a Pruned Stand, of Norway Spruce . By W. R. DAY , Imperial Forestry Institute , Oxford . Forest Record Number 4. H.M.S. Office, 1950 . Price 9d. 6½ in. × 8 in. unbound, punched for filing. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, Volume 24, Issue 2, 1951, Page 170, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.forestry.a063030 Published: 01 October 1951