Overseas Korean Research Articles

Epidemiology and Expected Cost of International Medical Repatriation Into South Korea: 2019 to 2021

ObjectiveOverseas Koreans face challenges in accessing adequate medical care abroad. Understanding the epidemiology and costs of international medical repatriation is important. MethodsA retrospective analysis of overseas Korean patients who were repatriated to South Korea between 2019 and 2021 was conducted. The data collected from 121 countries included demographics, medical conditions, and costs. Variables from 9 continents (Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia, Southwest Asia–Pacific, Russia–Central Asia, North America, Central and South America, Europe, Middle East‒North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa) and the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (February 2020 and after) were analyzed and compared. Based on the available total cost data, stepwise extrapolation was conducted for the total cohort. ResultsA total of 428 overseas Korean patients who had undergone international medical repatriation via air transport were included in this study. The greatest number of repatriated patients were from Southeast Asia (108 patients), and 279 patients were transported within the coronavirus disease 2019 era. The average cost per patient exceeded $7,000, and the total cost estimated by extrapolation was over $8 million. ConclusionInternational medical repatriation is significant for overseas Koreans. Standardized guidelines and system development are essential for effective air medical services.

독립운동가 박용만의 출판 활동 연구 : 1910년대 미주와 하와이, 1920년대 중국 북경을 중심으로

This study aims to analyze the meaning of the six books published by independence activist Park Yong-man from 1911 to 1927 after his arrival in the United States in 1905, as well as the publishing process and activities. To this end, the publication circumstances of the six books published were investigated based on the covers, copyrights, and prefaces, and the editing and production methods of the books were analyzed. In addition, related materials were analyzed to identify the context and meaning surrounding Park Yong-man’s publishing activities. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, Park Yong-man made efforts to find the optimal method that suited the purpose and characteristics of the books in the time, space, and technological environments of the United States and China in the 1910s and 1920s. As a result, the characteristics of his publishing activities became differentiated depending on the time and place. Second, Park Yong-man’s publishing activities expanded beyond the role of an “author” to that of a “publisher,” and his social network with independence movement organizations and figures played an important role. Third, Park Yong-man’s publishing activities were a ‘socio-cultural activity and independence movement’ that overcame the many difficulties experienced by overseas Koreans during the Japanese colonial period in a political, social, and technological environment with high complexity and changing characteristics.

Comparison of academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability of veterinary students based on college admission processes

A university’s admission policy is established to select applicants who can successfully complete the curriculum. Thus, it is important to develop optimal admissions processes for applicant selection. This study was conducted to infer the most suitable admission processes for veterinary school applicants by examining academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability. It was conducted on students admitted from 2009 to 2018 at one of the veterinary colleges in Korea. The admission methods were divided into, first the regular admission (RA) process, primarily reflecting the results of the College Scholastic Ability Test, and second, the rolling admission processes. The rolling processes were further divided into admission officer-based (AO), high school grade point average-based (GA), essay test-based (ET), admission for the underprivileged (UP) and admission for overseas Koreans and foreigners (OKF). The final grade point average was observed to be higher in the order of the GA, AO and RA groups. The survey on the veterinary graduation competency did not reveal any difference between the regular and rolling admission processes. However, among the latter, AO-based admission showed a higher ratio of outstanding competency levels. In terms of academic sustainability, OKF admission demonstrated a higher rate of failure while RA showed a higher rate of expulsion and dropout. Summarizing the above results, the most successful veterinary applicants were selected through AO-based admission. These results are meaningful in providing the basic information required to establish admission policies for veterinary colleges in Korea.

Curriculum Analysis of Educational Goals, Curriculum Proper and Critique of Overseas Korean Schools

Curriculum Analysis of Educational Goals, Curriculum Proper and Critique of Overseas Korean Schools

한국 화교 공동체 조직의 변천과 특징

This paper systematically examines the evolution, characteristics, and role of Korean overseas Korean community organizations over the past hundred years. Korean overseas Chinese organizations have played an important role in the development and unity of the Korean overseas Chinese community, but there is a great lack of research on them. Therefore, through a survey on the social organizations of overseas Koreans, this book reveals the current status of trend organizations and overseas Korean associations and explores the process of organization formation in the Korean overseas Korean community. In particular, we analyzed the Seoul and Incheon areas, which are the economic centers of the Korean diaspora with the largest diaspora population today. By examining the formation and development of social organizations in Incheon and Seoul, which are the nucleus of the overseas Korean community, we explain the changes in the overseas Korean community since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Korea in terms of the government’s increased interest in and policies toward the overseas Korean community, the rapid development of private economic and trade relations between China and Korea, efforts to expand overseas exchanges, and the revival of the overseas Korean community. He also pointed out that the mutual migration of Chinese and Korean citizens will have an important impact on the future development of both countries.

Overseas Koreans and New Governance Making in Korea

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent issues surrounding overseas Koreans in Korea and the governance construction efforts by the Korean government through laws and institutions to address them. With up to approximately 1 million overseas Koreans residing in Korea out of a total of 7.08 million, issues related to immigration to Korea are also pertinent. The burgeoning population of overseas Koreans and their demands not only affect the central government's policies but also impact local communities. This article aims to explore how the Korean society is legally and institutionally responding to the recent surge in the population of overseas Koreans within Korea. To achieve this goal, the article focuses on three aspects. First, it analyzes the increase in the population of overseas Koreans in Korean society over the past two decades along with the associated issues from the perspectives of immigration, ethnicity, overseas Koreans, laws and institutions, and central and local governments. Second, it examines the new laws, institutions, and the interrelationship between the government and overseas Koreans that have been developed to address the issues raised. Third, it evaluates the characteristics of the newly established governance of overseas Koreans and identifies any associated problems. Additionally, it discusses the implications of the Korean case compared with other countries' cases. In the era of globalization and increased human mobility, this article contributes to understanding Korean society's perspective on and policies toward the group of overseas Koreans in the context of laws and institutions.

인감증명제도에 대한 법제 개선 방안 연구

In addition to the function of confirming the person’s seal, Korea’s seal certificate performs the function of confirming the person’s identity and confirming the person’s intention. However, there was public opinion that the public’s convenience was insufficient. Recently, the government is proposing a system improvement plan for the certificate of seal for the convenience of the public. This plan to improve the certificate of seal is also consistent with the government’s national task. In order to improve the legal system of certification of seal, it is necessary to review it with evaluation criteria on the conformity of policy and legislation. These standards should also be considered for some amendments to ｢the Certification Of Seal Imprint Act｣ currently pending in the National Assembly and ways to innovate digital administrative services to improve the certification of seal system, which is a means of confirming the government’s intention. Based on these criteria, first, it is necessary to amend ｢the Certification of Seal Imprint Act｣, which allows the use of “Certificates of Personal Signature” and “Electronic Certificates of Personal Signature” that can be used in place of the current seal certificate, as to how to verify the guarantor’s qualifications when reporting a seal in writing. Second, it is necessary to amend ｢the Certification Of Seal Imprint Act｣ to utilize the electronic signature confirmation system under Article 7 of ｢the Act On Confirmation Of Personal Signature｣ in relation to the confirmation of overseas missions for overseas Koreans who are staying abroad. Third, it is necessary to amend ｢the Enforcement Decree Of The Certification Of Seal Imprint Act｣, which exempts fees when socially vulnerable people with disabilities and people aged 65 or older try to obtain a Certificates of Seal Imprints or Change of Seal Imprint. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a new regulation in the ｢the Certification of Seal Imprint Act｣ in relation to the establishment of the electronic Certificates of Seal Imprints system.

Analysis of Korean Cultural Elements in Modern English Children’s Literature for Overseas Korean Learners of Korean Immigrant Background

Analysis of Korean Cultural Elements in Modern English Children’s Literature for Overseas Korean Learners of Korean Immigrant Background

국립묘지로 떠나는 평화·통일 현장체험학습

The 'Korean Peninsula Peace tourism' is a practice of reflecting on the patterns and reasons for the violence experienced by people living on the Korean Peninsula and raising hope that peace can be realized on the Korean Peninsula. At schools, it is conducted in the form of field experience learning in places related to peace and unification. In order to promote school peace and unification field experience learning, it is necessary to break away from the inertia of visiting only areas near the DMZ and discover various field experience learning locations close to schools. In this article, first, we theoretically explained why the ‘National Cemetery of the Republic of Korea’ can be a good place for peace and unification field experience learning based on the fluidity of placeness and the multidimensionality of violence on the Korean Peninsula. Next, we presented facilities worth noting at the National Cemetery for Overseas Koreans and Daejeon National Cemetery and topics that teachers and students there could talk about in relation to peace and unification. Through this work, the goal of this article is to contribute to the revitalization of ‘local peace tourism’ that contemplate peace and unification near schools, focusing on the memories of individuals, families, and regions.

한국어교육에서 융복합 수업 연구 동향 분석

The purpose of this study is to examine the current status and research result by analyzing the trends of convergence research in Korean language education and to suggest future research directions. To achieve this, 72 articles were analyzed among the papers published until June 2023. The convergence types of Korean language education and other areas was analyzed in terms of 1) the degree of level and core elements 2) teaching methods 3) learners. As a result of the analysis, 38 articles(52.8%) of Korean language education and literature were integrated, 20 articles(27.8%) of convergence with cultural areas and 14 articles(19.4%) of convergence with content areas. In the case of convergence level, there were 57 interdisciplinary convergence(79.2%), only 15 multidisciplinary convergence(20.8%), and there were no transdisciplinary convergence. And the analysis of teaching methods, it was found that research on interdisciplinary convergence was more than multidisciplinary convergence, and more research was conducted on language functions than experiencecentered teaching methods. Lastly an analysis of teaching and learning subjects, it was confirmed that research was largely conducted with foreign learners, major students, language school learners, multiculturalism, and overseas Koreans.

귀환 재외동포의 한국에서의 삶 연구에 관한 질적 메타분석

The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of repatriated overseas Koreans in Korea, as reported in six qualitative articles published in domestic academic journals from 2012 to 2022. The research identified five key themes and 17 sub-concepts, including motivations for repatriation, social and economic challenges, vulnerabilities in social infrastructure, community activities, and identity issues among repatriated individuals. This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the repatriated overseas Koreans' experiences in Korea.

한국 정부의 외국인 유학생 유치 정책의 통시적 고찰

The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of the Korean government's policy to attract foreign students and to discuss its achievements and limitations at this time when attracting foreign students becomes important. Research method of this paper is analizing academic articles and policy research papers of Korean government. As a result of this study, the Korean government's policy to attract foreign students began with supporting for overseas Koreans learning in their home country(Korea) and expanded to attract foreign students. And it was systematized over time and achieved great results. However, there are still some limitations such as a lack of diversification strategies and a lack of cooperation among government ministries in the field of attracting foreign students.

Impact of Korean Chinese Immigration to the Republic of Korea under the Overseas Koreans Act

Impact of Korean Chinese Immigration to the Republic of Korea under the Overseas Koreans Act

119 항공구급 서비스 개선방안에 관한 연구

Following the tourist falling accident in the Grand Canyon of the United States, the need for medical services for overseas Koreans is on the rise. In this study, I tried to suggest an improvement plan for the 119 Air Ambulance Service, which is an unmet emergency service need, because overseas Koreans must receive the same emergency service as domestic citizens. According to a literature review, air ambulance services have been universalized worldwide when considering goal setting, strategy setting, organizational structure, and geographical conditions step-by-step. Fixedwing aircraft, the core equipment of air ambulance services, may incur high costs; therefore, it is necessary to consider the uncertainty of the initial business, and to utilize Incheon International Airport in consideration of the regional conditions of an international airport for overseas dispatches in relation to the operation of the organization. As operating personnel, an Air Ambulance Transfer Team Leader, Air Ambulance Medical Team Leader (specialist), and EMS Provider are required, starting with the central 119 EMS Captain, and it is recommended to have advanced life support (ALS)-level professional equipment capable of transporting critical patients.

A Study on Error Analysis by Re-entry Overseas Korean Learners

This study aims to identify the interlanguage used by overseas Koreans who re-entered Korea for the purpose of studying Korean and entering domestic college through the methodology of error analysis. In particular, this study intends to systematically analyze the Korean language errors of overseas Koreans according to proficiency variables (beginner, intermediate, and advanced) and discourse medium variables (written and spoken language). To this end, this study made a well-balanced corpus of overseas Korean learners with 13,238 words. The results of this study are as follows: First, as a result of the distribution of relative error frequency, the frequency of errors increases as the proficiency increases, and the frequency of errors in written discourse are about five times higher than in spoken discours. Second, as a result of analyzing the frequency of errors by error location, the errors of general nouns shows the highest frequency even in advanced levels without decreasing. Also, the subjective marker was not a top 5 error in the written discourse, although it was a top 2 error in the spoken discourse. Third, as a result of analyzing the frequency of errors by error type, replacement errors were the most common, which was followed by misform, Addition, and Omission errors. At the intermediate level, the replacement error decreased, while the misform error increased. While the misform errors are rather reduced in spoken discourse, addition and omission errors appear more frequently than in written discourse.

헌법상 국민 개념의 형성 과정과 영향

The nation are the subjects of enactment of the constitution and members of the national community. According to the Constitution, the nation become the subject of basic rights and participate in the political process. The Constitutional Assembly enacted the Nationality Act as a criterion for becoming a citizen to clarify the identity of the state and maintain continuity. Since citizens have various rights and obligations from their status, the criteria for determining nationality are very important. Since the Constitution of Korea had a strong national state tendency, the Nationality Act adopted ‘jus sanguinis’. However, it was intended to establish an open principle for the Korean people in foreign countries, which also appeared as a policy for overseas Koreans. In this study, we tried to normatively analyze how the term “nation” was adopted in the Constitution, what is the meaning of the term “nation,” and the process of determining the requirements for becoming citizens in the Nationality Act. Many drafts of the Constitution tended to use people's terms rather than nation. In particular, when expressing the subject matter of sovereignty or members of the national community, there was a tendency to use the entire nation, the entire people, and the Korean people. However, in the case of nationality as a component of the state, the national term was always used. In other words, it was confirmed that the people were an expansionary concept as a concept based on ethnicity, but the nation were a relatively narrow concept as a concept of the nation determined by the Nationality Act. This can be said to be the result of comprehensive consideration of the division of the two Koreas, the return of compatriots, the arrangement of family registers, and the exercise of the right to vote. Considering the forward-looking attitude toward compatriots at the time of the enactment of the Constitution, it was considered necessary to take improved measures against overseas Koreans even at this point.

Overseas Korean Adoption and the Birth of Swedish Color-blindness: A Study of How Korean Adoptees Transformed Sweden’s Attitude to Race and the Relationship between Race and Swedishness

This article consists of a study of how the first wave of Korean adoptees to Sweden were imagined and represented in a political debate that raged throughout the 1960s concerning whether or not Swedes would adopt non-white children from abroad. The study examines how the arrival of the Korean adoptees came to transform Swedes’ attitude to race and the relationship between race and Swedishness, and how they made it possible for Sweden to transition from a country with a racial obsession to an antiracist nation in the 1960s, whenSweden was one of the Western world’s whitest and most racially homogeneous countries.

재외한인문학에서 징용 기억의 재현과 확산 ― 일본과 인니 지역을 중심으로

‘인도네시아’(이하: 인니) 지역 한인 시에 담긴 징용의 기억을 비교 분석하는 일은 디아스포라 연구 분야에서도 가치가 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 기존 논의의 사각지대를 메움으로써 재외한인 문학의 폭을 확대하는 데 있다. 이 연구에서 는 기존 일본지역에 국한돼 논의돼온 징용의 주제를 적도 지역으로까지 확장하 는 새로운 시도를 진행한다. A·아스만이 '회상'과 관련하여 주장한 기억 활력론에 입각하여 이 사안을 새로이 읽는다. 연구의 과정에서 아래의 결론이 도출 됐다. 첫째, 총련계 재일조선인과 인니 한인 시인은 자신이 발 디딘 상황 속에서 선 세대의 징용을 회상하고 활성화하려 했다. 그러나 그 회상의 기반이 서로 달 랐다. 회상 내용이 반드시 일치하는 것은 아니었다는 뜻이다. 총련계 재일조선 인에게 기억의 가장 큰 동기는 복수였다. 반면 인니 한인에게는 애도나 추모가 더 먼저였다. 구체적으로 말하면 총련계 재일조선인은 기억의 참상을 자주 증언 형식으로 재현했다. 그러나 인니 한인은 신세 한탄이나 연민을 앞세웠다. 둘째, 두 주체에게 징용의 공간은 노예의 공간처럼 기억됐다. 그것은 총련계 재일조선 인에게는 ‘갱도’, ‘다코베야’의 공간으로 인니 한인에게는 ‘무덤’ 등의 자리로 나 타나기도 했다. 마지막으로, 인니 한인의 시에는 조선인 군무원 이야기가 시작 되는 부분에서 침묵이 감돌고 있다. 그것은 총련계 시와는 다른 내성적 목소리 를 드러내는 순간이다. 이는 총련계 시에서도 다르지 않았다. 살이 찢기고 가정 이 파괴되는 징용 사태에 대한 기억 속에서는, 공화국이나 수령에 대해 맹목적 으로 추종돼 왔다고 알려진 그들의 문학적 관성은 때때로 유예되기도 했다. ‘일본-남양-인니’ 지역으로 건너간 징용자들의 기억을 읽어낸 이 문학적 고찰 은 역사 사료만으로는 잡히지 않는 하나의 목소리를 감지시킬 수도 있다. 그 점 에서, 이 연구는 징용 주제에 대한 문화기억학으로 외연 확장을 가능하게 한다.

“A Study of Language Attitude of Overseas Koreans in Brazil”.

“A Study of Language Attitude of Overseas Koreans in Brazil”.

재외동포 한국학교와 한글학교 학생들이 지각한 사회적 지지가 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

본 연구의 목적은 재외동포 한국학교와 한글학교 학생들의 사회적 지지가 자기효능 감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 L한글학교와 T한국학교의 3학년 학생 80여명의 자료를 활용하여 중다회귀분석 및 남녀 집단별 차이를 분석하였 다. 연구의 결과 첫째, 학생들이 지각한 교사 지지가 자기효능감에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 교사가 학생들을 이해하고 공감하며 잘 가르치기 위해 노력하는 것이 학생의 자신감에 영향을 주는 것을 보여 주었다. 둘째, 또래 지지는 효능감 전체에는 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 학생들의 사회적 지지와 자기효능 감 하위 요인 중 자신감의 차이가 성별에서 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 재 외동포 한국학교와 한글학교 수업에서 학생 개인이 지각한 사회적 지지와 자기 효능감 의 관계가 유의미한 것이 검증되었다. 재외동포 한국학교와 한글학교가 전세계적으로 1700개가 넘고, 한국어와 한국사회의 이해, 역사 및 문화 수업이 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 만큼 수업의 효과와 관련된 구체적 연구들이 더욱 필요하다.