Content Overlap Research Articles

Cache-Aided Interference Management in Wireless Cellular Networks

We consider the problem of interference management in wireless cellular networks with caches at both base stations and receivers, and we characterize the degrees of freedom (DoFs) per cell to within an additive gap of (1/3) and a multiplicative gap of 2 for all system parameters, under one-shot linear schemes. Our result indicates that the one-shot linear DoF per cell scales linearly with the total amount of cache available in the cell, i.e., the sum of the caches at the central base station and all the receivers within the cell, resembling a similar phenomenon previously observed for the case of fully connected wireless networks. To establish the result, we propose a decentralized and randomized cache placement and a delivery scheme, which, on one hand, utilizes the overlap of contents at the base station caches to zero-force part of their outgoing interference and, on the other hand, uses the receiver cache contents to create coded multicasting opportunities, so that the receivers can eliminate the remaining interference due to undesired packets. We also provide a converse argument, which shows that our achievable one-shot linear DoF per cell is within a constant additive gap of (1/3) and a multiplicative gap of 2 of its optimum.

Cache-Aided Interference Channels

Over the past decade, the bulk of wireless traffic has shifted from speech to content. This shift creates the opportunity to cache part of the content in memories closer to the end users, for example in base stations. Most previous paper focuses on the reduction of load in the backhaul and core networks due to caching, i.e., on the benefits caching offers for the wireline communication link between the origin servers and the caches. In this paper, we are instead interested in the benefits caching can offer for the wireless communication link between the caches and the end users. To quantify the gains of caching for this wireless link, we consider an interference channel in which each transmitter is equipped with an isolated cache memory. Communication takes place in two phases, a content placement phase followed by a content delivery phase. The objective is to design both the placement and the delivery phases to maximize the rate in the delivery phase in response to any possible user demands. Focusing on the three-user case, we show that through careful joint design of these phases, we can reap three distinct benefits from caching: a load balancing gain, an interference cancellation gain, and an interference alignment gain. In our proposed scheme, load balancing is achieved through a specific file splitting and placement, producing a particular pattern of content overlap at the caches. This overlap allows to implement interference cancellation. Furthermore, it allows us to create several virtual transmitters, each transmitting a part of the requested content, which increases interference-alignment possibilities.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Cost of two-wheeler road accidents in India

We, the Editors and Publishers of International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, have retracted the following article:Sivakumar Balakrishnan & Krishnamurthy Karuppanagounder (2019). Cost of two-wheeler road accidents in India. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 26(2). DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2019.1576208.The above article has been retracted due to significant overlap in content with a Master’s Thesis entitled, “Estimation of Willingness to Pay Value for Crash Reduction,” by Geethu Ashok, 2015. The Thesis has subsequently been published as a book titled “Road Safety-Willingness to Pay for Crash Reduction” by Scholars’ Press in 2017 with ISBN: 978-3-330-65119-7. The authors have been informed of this decision and agree with the retraction.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.

Similarity is as similarity does? A critical inquiry into the effect of thematic association on similarity

Leading theories of psychological similarity are based on the degree of match in semantic content between compared cases (i.e., shared features, low dimensional distance, alignable relations). Broader forms of semantic relatedness such as the degree of association between cases (e.g., egg and spatula) are generally not considered to contribute to similarity judgments. However, empirical work has demonstrated a behavioral tendency to choose associated pairs over proximal pairs (i.e., high semantic content overlap) in similarity judgement tasks. As a result, models have been proposed that combine thematic integration and content match as component processes of similarity. The present experiments investigate the thematic association effect in similarity in order to more clearly determine whether such a theoretical redirection is warranted. An alternative viewpoint is that confusion between similarity and association is the cause of the reported thematic bias. Experiment 1 introduces a modified similarity judgement task and addresses the impact of task instructions as a potential causal factor underlying the thematic association effect on similarity. Experiment 2 specifically compares the novel similarity task to a traditional two-alternative, forced choice triad task. Experiment 3 addresses the possibility of bias in the stimulus sets used in Experiments 1 and 2. Across the experiments we find association-based responding to be much less prevalent than in previous demonstrations: the traditional finding of a thematic preference only occurred when participants were specifically asked to select based on associativity (“goes with”). Modifications to conventional methodology that minimize biasing factors clearly attenuate the effect of association on similarity. We interpret these findings as evidence that that the thematic association effect derives from intrusions on psychological similarity, not from an additional component intrinsic to psychological similarity.

The Relationship Between Motor Competence and Physical Fitness from Early Childhood to Early Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis.

Motor competence and physical fitness are important factors for promoting positive trajectories of health over time. In 2008, Stodden and colleagues developed a model that discussed the role of both factors in physical activity. Furthermore, the authors hypothesized that the relationship between motor competence and physical fitness is reciprocal and changes over time. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to synthesize the evidence on the relationship between motor competence and components of physical fitness from early childhood to early adulthood and the potential influence of age. Scientific databases Web of Science and PubMed were used for the literature search. German- as well as English-language studies were included that assessed typically developing children. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, 93 studies between 2005 and June 2018 were screened in full. Nineteen studies comprising of 32 samples, 87 single data points from 15,984 participants aged 4.5-20.4years (Mage = 11.44, SD = 4.77) were included in the analysis. A random effects model was conducted for the meta-regression with age as moderator variable. The relationship between motor competence and physical fitness was moderate to large (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) after controlling for multiple effects, including dependent samples and small sample sizes in the quantitative synthesis. Additionally, age was a small significant positive moderator of the effect size. The findings provide support for a moderate to large positive relationship between motor competence and physical fitness that strengthens with increasing age. However, the results also indicate that there may be an overlap in content between motor competence and physical fitness assessments, which warrants further investigation. More research is alsoneeded to assess similarities and differences in terms of the construct structures.

The Environment and Cyanophage Diversity: Insights From Environmental Sequencing of DNA Polymerase.

Globally distributed and abundant cyanophages in the family Myoviridae have dsDNA genomes with variable gene content, including host-derived auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) that potentially can facilitate viral replication. However, it is not well understood how this variation in gene content interacts with environmental variables to shape cyanomyovirus communities. This project correlated the genetic repertoire of cyanomyoviruses with their phyologeny, and investigated cyanomyovirus ecotype distribution as a function of environmental conditions across locations and seasons. Reference cyanomyovirus genomes were compared for their overlap in gene content to infer phyologenetic distances, and these distances were compared to distances calculated based on DNA polymerase (gp43) gene sequences. In turn, gp43 partial gene sequences amplified from natural cyanophage communities were used to describe cyanomyovirus community composition and to assess the relationship between environmental variables. The results showed the following: (1) DNA polymerase gene phylogeny generally correlated with the similarity in gene content among reference cyanomyoviruses, and thus can be used to describe environmental cyanomyovirus communities; (2) spatial and seasonal patterns in cyanomyovirus communities were related to environmental variables; (3) salinity and temperature, combined with nutrient concentration were predictors of cyanomyovirus richness, diversity and community composition. This study shows that environmental variables shape viral communities by drawing on a diverse seed bank of viral genotypes. From these results it is evident that that viral ecotypes with their corresponding genetic repertoires underlie selection pressures. However, the mechanisms involved in selecting for specific viral genotypes remain to be fully understood.

Integrating School Psychology and Applied Behavior Analysis: a Proposed Training Model

It is critical that schools reduce maladaptive behaviors and increase prosocial behavior through the provision of high-quality evidence-based practices (EBP). School psychologists are uniquely positioned to facilitate the delivery of evidence-based applied behavior analytic EBPs, with regard to the foundational training they typically receive in the areas of assessment, intervention, and consultation. However, the lack of comprehensive behavioral training in school psychology graduate programs exposes an existing training gap. Given a substantial content overlap and the significant contributions ABA offers to school-based practice, school psychology training programs should consider providing a stronger behavior analytic component that will enable program graduates to obtain the Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) certificate and more effectively address behavioral needs in schools. This paper describes the rationale for integrating a BCBA track into school psychology programs and discusses practical considerations that may arise.

Putting evidence‐based claims to the test: A multi‐site classroom study of retrieval practice and spaced practice

SummaryRetrieval practice and spacing out studying help increase learning. Introductory Psychology students at nine colleges/universities took quizzes with more (RP+) or less (RP−) retrieval practice and more (SP+) or less (SP−) spacing between quizzes. We compared (N = 351) scores on class exams and on a standardized test. We also measured key student variables (e.g., depth of processing). GPA predicted a significant portion of variance in exam scores, R2 = 0.05, F(1, 204) = 10.84, p = 0.001. We found a main effect for retrieval practice and a significant retrieval by spacing practice interaction, R2 = 0.28, F(3, 201) = 27.38, p &lt; 0.001. Students using SP+, as well as those with SP− and RP−, scored higher than students using SP− and RP+. In practice, closer attention needs to be paid to quiz and exam content overlap and the duration within which repetition is used.

Experimental study on influence of fiber numerical aperture on mode instability threshold of ytterbium fiber oscillator

The phenomenon mode instability is the most limiting factor for further scaling the output power and beam quality in high power fiber lasers. Thus, it is meaningful and necessary to study the influencing factor of mode instability and finally find the approaches to mitigating its influence. Theoretical calculations reveal that the fiber V-parameter has a negative effect on fiber amplifier mode instability threshold. Nevertheless, the influence of fiber core numerical aperture (&lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt;) on fiber oscillator mode instability threshold has rarely been investigated compared with that on the fiber amplifier. In this paper, we build a high-power all-fiber laser oscillator pumped by 976nm laser diodes and measure its laser efficiency and mode instability threshold of 20/400 step-index ytterbium doped fiber with different fiber core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt;. Experimental result reveals that at the same 976 nm pump power, the fiber with relatively low core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; (~0.059) has a higher mode instability threshold power than that with relatively high core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; (~0.064), and that even a higher core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; (~0.064) fiber has a higher laser efficiency than lower core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; (~0.059) fiber. The fact shows that the fiber core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; has a significant influence on mode instability threshold, and a relatively high core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; results in a lower mode instability threshold. Also, numerical simulations explain the reason why the fiber core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; has a negative effect on mode instability threshold in fiber oscillator. First of all, the higher fiber core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; will support more propagating modes in fiber, and the lower fiber core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; will result in higher order mode (HOM) content leaking into fiber cladding and the overlap of HOM content and gain area is reduced, thus the gain of HOM is relatively reduced. Also, the bending loss of HOM is very sensitive to fiber core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; variation, and the increase of fiber core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; will reduce the bending loss of HOM dramatically. In conclusion, the fiber core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; has a significant negative effect on fiber oscillator mode instability threshold, and numerical simulationscan explain the physical origin of the negative effect of fiber core &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; on laser oscillator mode instability threshold. Thus, for the mode instability mitigation in high power laser oscillator, optimizing the &lt;i&gt;NA&lt;/i&gt; of active fiber conduces to the increase of mode instability threshold, which is helpful and necessary for further scaling the output power and beam quality.

Gender invariance of dignity in non-terminal elderly patients with chronic diseases: a multicentric study

The Dignity construct, originally developed in end-of-life care, includes perceptions, cognitions and emotions related to the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect. The Patient Dignity Inventory is a self-report questionnaire developed to measure this construct. There is a lack of research on the construct in populations with chronic diseases, where Dignity may be expected to be impaired due to the associated changes in life. In addition, gender invariance of the construct has not been investigated yet. The current study investigated the single-dimension structure of the PDI in non-terminal elderly patients with different chronic diseases. A multicentric study at general hospitals included 421 elderly patients with chronic respiratory, renal or heart failure, stroke and oncological pathology in the initial phase of chemotherapeutic treatment. The dimensionality of the PDI was assessed by structural equation models and gender invariance by multigroup analysis. A single-dimension model optimized based on the Modification Indices showed excellent reliability and good fit. The inclusion of covariances between residuals of some items improved the model fit and suggested content overlap between some items which was interpreted considering the specific characteristics of chronic patients. The Dignity construct resulted invariant in relation to gender. Dignity in care appears to be an unitary construct also in chronic diseases. Future research should include also other types of chronicity and might assess further item fit through Item Response Theory analysis.

The contributions of affective traits and emotion regulation to internalizing disorders: Current state of the literature and measurement challenges.

Dysfunctional affective processes are central to the experience of internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, and related disorders). Specifically, extreme positive affect and elevated negative affect each have unique and robust patterns of associations with internalizing symptoms. This article examines affect as both an individual difference and a within-person dynamic process that unfolds over time. Recent research is reviewed that clarifies the hierarchical structure of affect and facet-level associations with symptoms, affect-laden traits that confer risk for internalizing psychopathology, models of emotion regulation, and how emotion regulation abilities and strategies contribute to or detract from psychological well-being. Several measurement challenges in this literature are identified and discussed, including possible conceptual and content overlap, mood-state distortion, naturalistic assessment in daily life, and the benefits and limitations of self-reported affective experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Validity of ultrasonography to assess hepatic steatosis compared to magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a criterion method in older adults

BackgroundThe rising prevalence of obesity has made hepatic steatosis an increasingly common issue. Ultrasound is generally used in clinical practice to assess steatosis, but its accuracy has been inconsistent across studies. We aimed to determine the validity of ultrasound to diagnose hepatic steatosis when compared to the criterion method proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in older individuals.MethodsA total of 72 healthy white European individuals (n = 42 men; n = 30 women aged 67–76 years) participating in the Hertfordshire Birth Cohort Physical Activity trial had hepatic steatosis assessed by ultrasound and MRS. The ultrasound scans were graded as normal, mild, moderate and severe steatosis, while hepatic fat content above 5.5% by MRS was used as a cut-off for steatosis.Results18 participants (25%) had a level of hepatic fat measured by MRS consistent with diagnosis of steatosis. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in diagnosing hepatic steatosis (mild/moderate/severe vs normal) were 96% (95% CI: 87–99.6%) and 94% (95% CI: 73–100%) respectively, although overlap in MRS hepatic fat content was observed between the ultrasound categories.ConclusionsUltrasound is a valid method for detecting the presence or absence of hepatic steatosis in older adults and can be used as an alternative tool in both clinical investigations and epidemiological studies, when other imaging techniques are not feasible.

Content overlap between youth OCD scales: Heterogeneity among symptoms probed and implications

Assessing obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in paediatric populations is complex, and a number of scales have been developed or validated for this purpose. As is the case with instruments measuring other mental health disorders, it is often assumed that youth OCD scales assess the same construct and can be used interchangeably. However, the extent to which this is true is unknown. One way to assess this – beyond calculating convergent validity – is to measure the extent of content overlap between scales. In the current paper, we apply a recently-developed method of content overlap analysis to a set of freely-available, self-report instruments for OCD measurement that were developed for or validated in paediatric populations. We found a high level of heterogeneity among scales purportedly assessing the same construct. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed, as well as what further research is required.

Sharing Data to Accelerate Medicine Development and Improve Neonatal Care: Data Standards and Harmonized Definitions

Sharing Data to Accelerate Medicine Development and Improve Neonatal Care: Data Standards and Harmonized Definitions

Moral Violations and the Experience of Disgust and Anger.

Disgust is a natural defensive emotion that has evolved to protect against potential sources of contamination and has been recently linked to moral judgements in many studies. However, that people often report feelings of disgust when thinking about feces or moral transgressions alike does not necessarily mean that the same mechanisms mediate these reactions. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (n = 22) to investigate whether core and moral disgusts entrain common neural systems. We provide evidence that: (i) activation of overlapping brain regions between core and moral disgust is the result of content overlap in the vignettes—core disgust elicitors—across conditions, and not from moral violations per se, and (ii) moral residue (i.e., the remaining or “residual” activation after the influence of core disgust elicitors have been taken into account) produced a pattern of activation that is more consistent with moral anger, than one of “residual disgust.” These findings run contrary to the premise that our “moral center” is connected to the area of the brain in which physical revulsion is located.

Comparative assessment of content overlap between written documentation and verbal communication: an observational study of resident sign-outs.

ObjectiveEffective sign-outs involve verbal communication supported by written or electronic documentation. We investigated the clinical content overlap between sign-out documentation and face-to-face verbal sign-out communication.MethodsWe audio-recorded resident verbal sign-out communication and collected electronically completed (“written”) sign-out documentation on 44 sign-outs in a General Medicine service. A content analysis framework with nine sign-out elements was used to qualitatively code both written and verbal sign-out content. A content overlap framework based on the comparative analysis between written and verbal sign-out content characterized how much written content was verbally communicated. Using this framework, we computed the full, partial, and no overlap between written and verbal content.ResultsWe found high a high degree of full overlap on patient identifying information [name (present in 100% of sign-outs), age (96%), and gender (87%)], past medical history [hematology (100%), renal (100%), cardiology (79%), and GI (67%)], and tasks to-do (97%); lesser degree of overlap for active problems (46%), anticipatory guidance (46%), medications/treatments (15%), pending labs/studies/procedures (7%); and no overlap for code status (<1%), allergies (0%) and medical record number (0%).Discussion and ConclusionThree core functions of sign-outs are transfer of information, responsibility, and accountability. The overlap—highlighting what written content was communicated—characterizes how these functions manifest during sign-outs. Transfer of information varied with patient identifying information being explicitly communicated and remaining content being inconsistently communicated. Transfer of responsibility was explicit, with all pending and future tasks being communicated. Transfer of accountability was limited, with limited discussion of written contingency plans.

Content overlap analysis of 64 (hypo)mania symptoms among seven common rating scales.

Fried () quantified the overlap of items among seven widely used depression rating scales. The analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity of the depressive syndromes and a low overlap among the scales. To our best knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the content overlap of (hypo)mania scales. The goal of our study, therefore, is to quantify the overlap of items among seven widely used (hypo)manic scales, implementing the methodology developed by Fried (). Seven commonly used (hypo)manic scales underwent content analysis. Symptom overlap was evaluated with the use of the Jaccard index (0=no overlap, 1=full overlap). In case of every scale, rates of idiosyncratic symptoms and rates of specific versus compound symptoms were calculated. The seven scales gathered 64 hypo(manic) symptoms. The mean overlap among all of the instruments was low (0.35), the mean overlap of each scale with all others ranged from 0.29 to 0.48, and the overlap among individual scales ranged from 0.20 to 0.65. Thirty-six percent of symptoms appeared only on one scale. Only 6% of the symptoms appeared on all of the instruments. We have shown that using (hypo)manic scales as interchangeable measurements may be problematic.

BiggerSelfie: Selfie Video Expansion With Hand-Held Camera.

Selfie photography from the hand-held camera is becoming a popular media type. Although being convenient and flexible, it suffers from low camera motion stability, small field of view, and limited background content. These limitations can annoy users, especially, when touring a place of interest and taking selfie videos. In this paper, we present a novel method to create what we call a BiggerSelfie that deals with these shortcomings. Using a video of the environment that has partial content overlap with the selfie video, we stitch plausible frames selected from the environment video to the original selfie frames and stabilize the composed video content with a portrait-preserving constraint. Using the proposed method, one can easily obtain a stable selfie video with expanded background content by merely capturing some background shots. We show various results and several evaluations to demonstrate the applicability of our method.

Are reflective models appropriate for very short scales? Proofs of concept of formative models using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory.

Because of their length and objective of broad content coverage, very short scales can show limited internal consistency and structural validity. We argue that it is because their objectives may be better aligned with formative investigations than with reflective measurement methods that capitalize on content overlap. As proofs of concept of formative investigations of short scales, we investigate the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). In Study 1, we administered the TIPI and the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to 938 adults and fitted a formative Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes model, which consisted of the TIPI items forming five latent variables, which in turn predicted the five BFI scores. These results were replicated in Study 2 on a sample of 759 adults, but this time with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) as the external criterion. The models fit the data adequately, and moderate to strong significant effects (.37 < |β| < .69, all ps < .001) of all five latent formative variables on their corresponding BFI and NEO-PI-R scores were observed. This study presents a formative approach that we propose to be more consistent with the aims of scales with broad content and short length like the TIPI.

Using a Workflow to Reduce Database Costs without Affecting Collection Needs

A small university with limited staff and resources created a workflow to help streamline decision making during renewal of subject databases. A literature review of common assessment methods found cost per use, content overlap analysis, and relevance to the curriculum to be the most common metrics. However, each individually provided an incomplete portrait of usage. A flowchart documented the decision process and incorporated multiple metrics. Implementing this workflow reduced the library’s materials budget by 3% for the following fiscal year. This process may be implemented at other libraries to lower overall budget spending, while still providing content aligned with the local curriculum.