Exploring the field of polymeric photocatalysis: Overcoming challenges, embracing opportunities, and envisioning future directions – A comprehensive review

Nanoparticle-enhanced approaches to stroke: Overcoming challenges in diagnosis and treatment.

Around the world, millions lose mobility and independence each year due to musculoskeletal disorders. This decline rarely begins suddenly; it often develops silently over years until everyday activities become difficult. By the time symptoms appear, prevention opportunities are often lost. Two urgent challenges must be addressed to change this trajectory. The first is detecting risk early. Advances in movement science, clinical screening and digital health now make early identification possible at scale. Wearable sensors, computer vision and simple functional tests such as gait speed and grip strength provide objective and real-world assessment of mobility and balance. Large population cohorts, biomarker research and artificial intelligence refine risk stratification by identifying early decline and predicting future disability. The second task is in motivating behavioural change once risk is recognised, and this remains the battle yet to be won. Many people hesitate to modify their routines when the benefits may take years to become apparent, as in most musculoskeletal conditions. This makes effective risk communication essential. Messages should be personalised, empathetic and culturally appropriate, helping individuals understand why action matters and how it protects independence and quality of life. Sustained engagement then depends on social support and digital tools that provide feedback and maintain motivation over time. Moving forward, the critical task is to ensure that those identified at risk act on this knowledge, stay engaged long enough for prevention to succeed, and enable musculoskeletal care to move from a reactive care model to true prevention.

From screening to action: Overcoming challenges in musculoskeletal care.

Harnessing AI for efficient EV charging and discharging infrastructure: Overcoming challenges and finding solutions

Innovative silver nanoplatforms: Overcoming challenges in oral biofilm treatment

Challenges Experienced by Surgical Trainees With Small Hand Size: A Multi-Institutional Mixed Methods Study.

Digital transformation is required by hospitals as a strategic effort in the highly regulated healthcare sector to improve service quality and maintain competitive advantage. This study aims to analyze the digital transformation process at JIH Hospital Yogyakarta through a case study of the implementation of Hospital Information Management System (SIMRS), Electronic Medical Record (ERM), JIHApps registration application, JIHPay self-payment system, and chatbot usage. The researchers used a descriptive qualitative approach with single case study method and data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document studies. The findings show that digitalization improves operational efficiency, reduces patient waiting times, and increases service user satisfaction. Generally, staff showed high enthusiasm for innovation; however, there were differences in ability to master technology, so the adaptation process required contextual and continuous training approaches. Additionally, other challenges such as dependence on technology vendors and the complexity of external system integration remain obstacles that need to be managed strategically. This study also highlights the importance of cross-actor collaboration through open innovation approaches to accelerate technology adoption and optimize service innovation success. These findings provide strategic implications for hospital managers in formulating adaptive, collaborative digital policies focused on creating sustainable value for patients. This research has limitations in single case scope that only focuses on one hospital, so the findings cannot yet be generalized to other healthcare institutions. For future research, it is recommended to conduct comparative studies on several hospitals with different classifications and digitalization levels to enrich understanding of digital transformation strategies in the healthcare sector more broadly and deeply.

ABSTRACT Nanotechnology is emerging as a transformative force in the electric vehicle (EV) industry, offering sustainable, renewable and innovative solutions to longstanding challenges in battery performance, energy efficiency, material weight, and environmental sustainability. This review synthesizes recent advancements in nanomaterials and their integration into EV technologies. Nanostructured silicon anodes demonstrate energy densities up to 4200 mAh/gnearly ten times higher than conventional graphite anodeswhile graphene‐enhanced supercapacitors deliver power densities in the range of 10–100 kW/kg, enabling rapid energy delivery. Lightweight nanocomposites reduce overall vehicle mass by 20%–30%, translating to a 10%–15% improvement in energy efficiency. Thermoelectric nanomaterials can recover 5%–10% of waste heat, and high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (25%–28%) offer auxiliary power solutions, potentially extending vehicle range by 10%–15%. Additionally, nanotechnology facilitates closed‐loop recycling systems capable of recovering up to 95% of critical raw materials, while enhancing battery lifespan by approximately 30%, thus mitigating environmental impact. However, key barriers such as high production costs (e.g., graphene at $100–$1000 per gram) and limited cycle life (300–500 cycles) remain. Future innovations aim to reduce production costs by 50%–70% and significantly improve durability. Projections suggest that by 2030, nanotechnology could increase EV range by 30%–50%, reduce charging times by up to 50%, and lower manufacturing costs by 20%–30%, contributing to a 30%–50% reduction in transportation‐related greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

381 - Overcoming Challenges in Orthodontic Treatment of a Patient with Down Syndrome

IntroductionAccess to oncology drugs in Brazil is influenced by regulatory and economic factors that affect approval and coverage by the public health system. This study examined the time gap between regulatory approval and coverage, considering factors such as request origin and therapeutic class, to understand how to improve access to oncology treatments in Brazil in alignment with global healthcare needs.MethodsThis descriptive quantitative study analyzed data from the Brazilian National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC) recommendation reports for oncology drugs approved for coverage between 2019 and 2023. Key data points, such as the dates of regulatory approval, coverage, therapeutic class, request origin, and drug prices, were collected. These elements were used to map the average time between regulatory approval and integration into the public health system, while also examining their potential impact on incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), described in terms of price per quality-adjusted life year (QALY).ResultsAmong the 14 oncology drugs covered by the public health system, the time from regulatory approval to CONITEC decision ranged from 2.7 to 25.1 years. Monoclonal antibodies accounted for the largest proportion (43%), followed by protein kinase inhibitors (29%), and proteasome inhibitors (14%). ICERs varied widely, with breast cancer treatments like abemaciclib (BRL649,999.59 [USD108,890.45]/QALY) and palbociclib (BRL437,124.32 [USD 73,157.91]/QALY) showing the highest values. Rituximab (BRL28,564.07 [USD 4,781.06]/QALY) and bortezomib (BRL20,150.59 [USD 3,374.53]/QALY) were below the cost-effectiveness threshold, while alphaepoetin showed a negative ICER as it was more effective and less costly than transfusion support.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the variability in the time it takes for oncology drugs to achieve coverage within the public health system after approval. Key factors like therapeutic class and request origin significantly impact this timeline. Streamlining the coverage process could improve access to critical oncology treatments, enhancing patient outcomes and aligning with global efforts to accelerate medical innovations in healthcare systems.

Producing batteries with higher energy densities has always been a need in various industries, especially EVs. Si-Carbon composites have always been looked at as a promising solution. However, some of the challenges associated with Si as an anode material, such as pulverization, have hindered its widespread adoption in industry. Recent developments have tackled massive volume expansion and pulverization of Si by depositing the Si into highly porous carbons in the form of sub-nanometer Si clusters.1 Parallel to the development of better Si-containing anodes, there have been numerous efforts on designing electrolytes using various solvents and additives that are compatible with these systems.2 One of the widely studied additives and co-solvents for Si has been fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), which is shown to be effective in Si-containing anodes. FEC can decompose on the Si and form a stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), which can tolerate mechanical stress that is induced in the charge and discharge process.3,4 This study evaluates the effect of various FEC contents (0 to 10 wt%) on the electrochemical performance, such as long-term cycling and open circuit voltage storage of cells containing 20 wt% advanced Si-C composites and 80 wt% artificial graphite in the anode side and Li[Ni0.83Mn0.06Co0.11]O2 in the cathode side. References Rathore, D. et al. Characterizing Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Advanced Si/C Anode Materials. J Electrochem Soc 172, 010504 (2025).Nam, J., Lee, H. & Chae, O. B. Overcoming Challenges in Silicon Anodes: The Role of Electrolyte Additives and Solid-State Electrolytes. Micromachines 2025, Vol. 16, Page 800 16, 800 (2025).Jung, R. et al. Consumption of Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC) on Si-C Composite Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries. J Electrochem Soc 163, A1705–A1716 (2016).Ha, Y. et al. Evaluating the Effect of Electrolyte Additive Functionalities on NMC622/Si Cell Performance. J Electrochem Soc 169, 070515 (2022).

Traditional medicinal plant derivatives (such as infusions, decoctions, and extracts) are employed in various therapeutic applications due to their wide chemical diversity and multiple biological effects. However, their therapeutic potential is often limited by challenges in conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms, including poor solubility, stability issues, and difficulties in handling and accurate dosing. To overcome these limitations, drying and tableting emerge as viable alternatives, providing stable, cost-effective, uniform, and scalable dosage forms suitable for large-scale production. Nonetheless, factors such as high hygroscopicity, low flowability, poor compressibility, and reduced bioavailability of the complex dried mixture obtained from plant materials pose challenges for tablet formulation. Given this scenario, this review provides a comprehensive overview of these technological hurdles, and explores strategies to overcome them, including the use of excipients to improve flow, optimization of the drying process, granulation techniques, composite particles, solid dispersions, and liquisolid systems. These strategies have enabled the successful development of various types of tablets, such as immediate-release, orodispersible, mucoadhesive, chewable, and extended-release formulations. Finally, this work highlights current advances and practical applications, offering insights into future innovations in the formulation of tablets containing dried plant extracts, including approaches that could facilitate progress toward continuous manufacturing.

Regulation of black carbon emissions from arctic Shipping: Overcoming challenges and shaping future governance

Transformers in speech processing: Overcoming challenges and paving the future

Advancing antimicrobial peptides: Overcoming challenges in the era of bacterial resistance.

Designing single-atom catalysts for enhanced selenium utilization in Li/Na–Se batteries: Overcoming challenges for advanced energy storage solutions

Given the escalating geopolitical challenges that the European Union (EU) has faced over the past decade – most notably the Russian war of aggression and the uncertainty of the transatlantic commitment expressed by the second Trump administration – the effectiveness of EU foreign policy has become more crucial than ever. In this context, this article aims to chart a path forward for EU foreign and security policy, taking into account its historical roots as well as political and budgetary limitations. Specifically, it offers ten policy recommendations across various domains, including institutional issues, defence tools, enlargement, and strategic partnerships, summarizing insights from other contributions in this special issue into a comprehensive concluding study.

Building radiation therapy technologist capacity in Malawi: Overcoming challenges and expanding roles.

Toward efficient catalytic ozonation: Overcoming challenges in real wastewater treatment-A review