Predictive and prognostic value of a glucose metabolism disorder and immune-related gene signature in glioma.

Luteolin, a bioactive compound from Celastrus orbiculatus stem, inhibits cervical cancer via CA2 suppression: A translational study bridging basic research and clinical application.

BACKGROUND The 9th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system has been proposed by the AJCC Cancer Expert Panel (AJCCCCEP). The prognostic discriminatory validity of the new staging system in actual patient cohorts has not been fully validated. AIM To investigate and validate the proposed changes to the pathologic staging for colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) by the AJCCCCEP. METHODS The study included 1251 eligible patients with stage I-III CC and 1162 patients with RC between July 2015 and July 2021. Clinicopathological features of the patients were obtained. Patients were staged according to 8th edition AJCC staging system and 9th edition AJCC staging system, respectively. Patients’ outcomes were investigated with respect to overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) according to the 8th edition and 9th edition, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were conducted to compare outcomes of patients with different stages. Hazard ratio was calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS One thousand, two hundred and fifty-one patients with CC and 1162 patients with RC were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 5.45 and 5.30 years for DFS and OS in the CC cohort and 5.36 and 5.35 years in the RC cohort. All patients were re-classified according to the updated staging system proposed by AJCCCCEP. The survival analysis revealed a hierarchical separation across all sub-levels in the CC cohort and the RC cohort in terms of DFS and OS. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the 9th edition AJCC staging system has better prognostic validity than the 8th edition AJCC staging system for patients with CC and RC.

BACKGROUND The identification of reliable biomarkers is crucial for predicting outcomes in gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. While autoantibodies antinuclear antibody (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) and systemic inflammation have been implicated in cancer prognosis, their combined role in this context remains to be fully elucidated. AIM To evaluate the clinical significance of autoantibodies, alongside tumor markers and inflammatory indicators, in gastric cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 230 gastric cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy (anti-programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 antibodies combined with chemotherapy) was enrolled. Comprehensive clinical data, including autoantibody status (ANA, ENA), systemic inflammatory indicators (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, pan-immune-inflammation value, systemic immune-inflammation index), and tumor markers [carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199], were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The nomogram was constructed and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed the efficacy of the prognostic model. RESULTS The presence of autoantibodies was significantly associated with better survival outcomes. Patients positive for ENA exhibited significantly longer OS (P = 0.046), while patients positive for ANA, ENA, and the combined ANA/ENA criterion showed significantly longer time of PFS (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.292, P = 0.002] and CEA level (HR = 1.022, P = 0.010) were independent risk predictive factors for OS. For PFS, multivariate analysis confirmed that TNM stage (HR = 3.022, P = 0.004) and ANA/ENA criterion (HR = 0.538, P < 0.001) were independent risk predictive factors for PFS. The ROC results showed that the TNM and ANA/ENA models had certain diagnostic efficacy for PFS of patients. CONCLUSION Autoantibody positivity, particularly ANA/ENA, along with traditional tumor markers serves as independent biomarkers for prognosis in gastric cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy. The assessment of autoantibody profiles provides a novel perspective for optimizing risk stratification and treatment methods.

Patients with locally advanced (pathological T4) gastric cancer remain at high risk for peritoneal recurrence despite curative surgery. Although hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) reduces this risk, its inconsistent impact on overall survival has prevented its routine use. However, a recent study by Lian et al , published in World Journal of Gastroenterology , demonstrates that postoperative HIPEC improves disease-free survival and peritoneal control without severe toxicity, renewing interest. We propose a paradigm shift: The value of HIPEC lies not in cytoreduction but in its function as a potent immunogenic stimulus. By inducing immunogenic cell death, HIPEC converts residual tumor cells into an in situ vaccine. This releases tumor antigens, activates antigen-presenting cells, and catalyzes a systemic T-cell response, remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment from “cold” to “hot”. This mechanism may explain its efficacy in delaying recurrence. The variable overall survival benefit suggests that HIPEC primarily serves as an immune primer, enhancing subsequent immune-checkpoint inhibitor efficacy. Consequently, HIPEC should be redefined as a strategic immune modulator. Priority must be given to studies on synergistic “HIPEC-immune-checkpoint inhibitor” sequences and predictive biomarkers to select patients most likely to benefit. Through such strategies, HIPEC can evolve into a foundational component of immunotherapy for high-risk gastric cancer.

Raised serum tumour markers are a prognostic factor in advanced colorectal cancer. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the role of elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) and carbohydrate antigen (CA 19.9), with a focus on burden of peritoneal disease, incomplete cytoreduction, and survival in patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM) treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database. Patients with CPM treated by CRS and HIPEC in a single high-volume centre between 2000-2021 with complete demographic, tumour marker status, histopathological, and follow-up information were included. In total, 433 patients were included, of which 232 (53.6%) were female. The median age was 59 years, and the median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 6. Overall, 268/433 (61.9%) patients had one or more elevated tumour markers. Elevated tumour markers were associated with higher PCI and higher risk of receiving incomplete cytoreduction (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, p = 0.026 and OR 6.21, p < 0.001 for two and three elevated markers, respectively). Furthermore, elevated tumour markers were associated with worse 5-year overall survival (overall survival, hazard ratio 1.55, p = 0.021; 2.85, p < 0.001; and 2.85, p < 0.001 for any one, any two, or all three elevated markers, respectively) and disease-free survival at multivariable analysis. Elevated preoperative tumour markers correlate with extent of CPM, a higher risk of incomplete cytoreduction, and decreased overall survival and disease-free survival.

The optimal sequencing for resection of primary and liver metastases in stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) remains debated. This study evaluated utilization trends and outcomes of liver resection before colon/rectal resections. A retrospective analysis was performed using the National Cancer Database (2010-2020) for patients with stage IV CRC and isolated liver metastases who underwent resection of primary CRC and liver metastases. The study identified two cohort groups: a group that underwent liver resection before colon/rectal resection (LRCR) and a group that underwent colon/rectal resection synchronous with or before liver resection (CRLR). Overall survival (OR) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models, whereas logistic regression was used for binary outcomes. Among 10,959 patients, 1178 underwent LRCR and 9781 underwent CRLR. Utilization of LRCR increased from 5.37% in 2010 to 15.43% in 2020. Predictors of LRCR utilization included rectal primary sites (OR, 5.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.55-7.60) and academic treatment facilities (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.25-6.00). Predictors of lower LRCR included lymphovascular invasion (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.87) and moderate (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.95) to poorly differentiated (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.81) pathology. Patients undergoing the LRCR approach were associated with better overall survival than those undergoing CRLR (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.99). The 90-day mortality (1.11% vs 4.47%; p < 0.01) and 30-day readmissions (3.69% vs 5.81%; p<0.01) after primary tumor resection were lower in the LRCR group. The LRCR approach has been increasingly used over time. Compared with CRLR, the LRCR approach was associated with better overall survival, lower postoperative mortality and fewer readmissions after colon/rectal resection.

Association between hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score and overall survival in patients with cancer cachexia: A multicenter cohort study.

UGT1A1 genotype-guided dosing reduces severe toxicity in UGT1A1 poor metaboliser (PM) patients treated with irinotecan. However, the impact of a dose reduction on survival remains unknown. This study evaluated whether upfront 30% dose reductions of irinotecan in UGT1A1 PMs affect survival by comparing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between 30% dose-reduced PMs and fully-dosed UGT1A1 intermediate and normal metaboliser (IM/NM) patients. We conducted a retrospective, multicentre cohort study in patients with pancreatic cancer or colorectal cancer treated with UGT1A1 genotype-guided irinotecan dosing at six Dutch hospitals between August 2017 and April 2024. Patients were included in the primary analysis if irinotecan was dosed according to UGT1A1 genotype (i.e. an initial 100% ± 10% dose intensity for IM/NMs and an initial 70% ± 10% dose intensity for PMs) in at least cycle 1. Survival analyses for PFS and OS were performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and univariable and multivariable Cox regressions, stratified by tumour type. Safety was also assessed. The primary analysis included 779 patients, 76 (9.8%) of whom were PMs. The median follow-up was 27.8 months (95% CI 15.2-31.6). No significant differences in PFS and OS rates were found between 30% dose-reduced PMs and fully-dosed IM/NMs (stratified log-rank test: PFS: P = 0.54; OS: P = 0.42). In stratified Cox regression analyses, the adjusted hazard ratio of PMs vs IM/NMs was 1.02 (95% CI 0.78-1.32; P = 0.90) for PFS and 1.10 (95% CI 0.82-1.48; P = 0.51) for OS, indicating no significant differences exist in PFS or OS between 30% dose-reduced PMs and fully-dosed IM/NMs. Severe toxicity rates were comparable between 30% dose-reduced PMs and fully-dosed IM/NMs (P = 0.59). An upfront 30% dose reduction of irinotecan in UGT1A1 PMs does not lead to statistically significant differences in survival outcomes compared to fully-dosed IM/NMs. Therefore, UGT1A1 genotype-guided dosing of irinotecan can be confidently performed to improve patient safety. No funding.

This study aimed to assess factors associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) stage IV rectal cancer treated with immunotherapy. In this retrospective review of the NCDB (2015-2021), patients with MSS stage IV rectal adenocarcinoma were divided into immunotherapy and control groups, and propensity-score matched and compared. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of immunotherapy and KRAS genotype on OS. Of 6489 included patients (64.6% males), immunotherapy was given to 47.9%. After matching for age, insurance type, liver metastases, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, there were 2422 patients in each group. In the matched cohort, immunotherapy was associated with a similar median OS to the control group [31.8 (95% CI: 27.8-32.2) months vs 29.7 (95% CI: 27.8-32.2) months, P = 0.062]. Immunotherapy was not independently associated with improved OS (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.69-1.14, P = 0.341) but was associated with longer median OS in black patients (25.8 vs 19.1 mo, P = 0.019), patients with bone metastases (22.1 vs 10.7, P < 0.001) and with KRAS mutation (27.4 vs 24.3 mo, P = 0.003). There was no survival benefit from immunotherapy when combined with radical resection, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. In conclusion, immunotherapy was associated with a modest increase in OS of MSS stage IV rectal cancers, but not independently associated with improved survival. Black patients with bone metastases and KRAS mutations may have survival benefit from immunotherapy. Increased OS with immunotherapy was noted only in patients who did not have surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. These results seem somewhat disappointing given the enthusiasm for immunotherapy.

In the EORTC 62961-ESHO 95 randomized trial (European Organization for Research and Treatment 62961-European Society of Hyperthermia Oncology 95; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00003052), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) combined with regional hyperthermia (RHT) improved survival in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (tumor size >5 cm, grade 2 or 3, deep location). This study investigated the survival benefit of NAC+RHT in a subgroup of patients who had extremity soft tissue sarcoma (ESTS) according to risk predictions using the Sarculator nomogram. Overall survival (OS) was predicted with the Sarculator nomogram using baseline prognostic parameters. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate observed OS. A bivariable Cox model including the Sarculator score, treatment, and their interaction was fitted. Hazard ratios for OS were calculated for each decile of the Sarculator risk distribution. Of 143 patients with ESTS, 135 were analyzed (NAC, n=70; NAC+RHT, n=65) with a median follow-up of 136 months (interquartile range, 110-183 months). Survival in the NAC+RHT group exceeded Sarculator predictions and improved compared with the group that received NAC alone (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-1.17; p=.081), with an absolute 5-year OS difference of 15.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.0%-31.4%). Risk stratification suggested greater benefit of NAC+RHT as predicted OS decreased. However, the interaction between Sarculator score and treatment was not significant (p=.495). This analysis of ESTS from a randomized trial confirmed the previously reported OS benefit by adding RHT to NAC. Although patients with higher predicted risk seemed to benefit more from the combined treatment, these findings do not suggest that treatment decisions should be based on risk estimates alone, supporting the use of RHT combined with chemotherapy in patients who have primary ESTS.

Lingual lymph node occurrence and metastasis in early-stage tongue cancer: An indicator for aggressive excision.

Concurrent Chemotherapy With Adjuvant Radiation for Patients With High-risk Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: Safety and Outcomes.

Club cell secretory protein (CCSP) serum concentration is a prognostic factor after surgical resection of localized non-small cell lung cancer in patients in the IFCT-0302 trial.

Combined positive score using 28-8 predicts nivolumab efficacy in HNSCC.

The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with small, early-stage (T1a-bN0) triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unclear because these patients have largely been excluded from randomized trials. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in this population. We included interventional and observational studies comparing adjuvant chemotherapy with no chemotherapy in patients with T1a-bN0 TNBC. Studies were identified through systematic searches of Medline (PubMed), Embase, and CENTRAL, most recently updated on August 18, 2025. Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) were extracted for meta-analysis. Additionally, 5-year OS and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) rates were pooled for patients receiving chemotherapy versus not receiving chemotherapy. Eighteen non-randomized studies involving 16933 patients were included: 4679 patients received chemotherapy and 12254 did not. Meta-analysis showed significantly improved OS with chemotherapy (HR 0.63, 95 % confidence Interval (CI) 0.43-0.92). Subgroup analyses indicated that the OS benefit was mostly driven by patients with T1bN0 tumors (>5 mm and ≤10 mm) (HR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.34-0.76). In contrast, no OS benefit was observed in patients with T1aN0 tumors (≤5 mm) (HR 1.24, 95 % CI 0.23-6.61). Among all patients with T1a-bN0 TNBC, 5-year OS was 95.9 % with chemotherapy versus 92.0 % without, and 5-year DRFS was 96.0 % versus 92.2 %, respectively. Chemotherapy was associated with higher survival in patients with T1bN0 TNBC, but not in patients with T1aN0 tumors. Overall, 5-year outcomes were high even without chemotherapy. These findings support current guideline recommendations.

Atezolizumab Combined With Cisplatin Plus Vinorelbine as Adjuvant Therapy for Completely Resected NSCLC With EGFR Mutation (West Japan Oncology Group 11719L: ADJUST Study).

Viral hepatitis and immunotherapy outcome in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive umbrella review of 15 meta-analyses.

The role of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in newly diagnosed and recurrent ovarian cancer: A time-to-event meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Adjuvant immunotherapy may have no impact on survival in patients who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy for stage II-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer.