Output Voltage Of Thermoelectric Generator Research Articles

Analysis of the use of thermoelectric generator and heat pipe for waste heat utilization

Waste heat recovery is one way to reduce the use of fossil fuels, one of them is by using thermoelectric generator to convert waste heat into Thermoelectric Generator (TEGs) is a module that can convert heat into electrical power directly, using Seebeck effect and Peltier effect as its working principle, so it can increase efficiency of energy consumption by utilizing waste heat from an instrument that generate waste heat. The focus of this research is to find the output voltage of TEG by utilizing the temperature difference on the cold side and the heat side of the TEGs. The heat side of the module will be given heat from the heater as a simulation of the heat from hot water, and on the cold side heat pipes will be used to remove the heat on the cold side of TEGs. The result, output voltage that generated by using 4 module TEGs that arranged to Thermal Series - Series Circuit and using 2 heat pipes is 2.1-volt, and then it is possible to use for phone charger.

An 80 mV Startup Voltage Fully Electrical DC–DC Converter for Flexible Thermoelectric Generators

This paper presents a fully electrical dc–dc converter designed for thermoelectric generator (TEG) for energy harvesting applications. The proposed flexible TEG has been achieved by a screen printing technology on a 80 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> thick common paper and thin Kapton foil and integrates 280 thermocouples for an output voltage of about 75 mV with 5 K of thermal gradient. In order to step up the voltage at the output of the thin-film flexible TEG, a dc–dc converter has been designed. This latter operates with an input voltage ranging from 80 up to 370 mV. The proposed dc–dc converter achieves an automatic control based on pulsewidth modulation, ensuring 1 V output voltage. The control circuit includes two sections. The first one provides a forward control operating in the 80–150 mV input voltage range. The second one operates a feedback control, as the output voltage of TEG is higher than 150 mV. The dc–dc converter is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS technology, achieving a 73% peak efficiency.

A thermoelectric generator using loop heat pipe and design match for maximum-power generation

The present study focuses on the thermoelectric generator (TEG) using loop heat pipe (LHP) and design match for maximum-power generation. The TEG uses loop heat pipe, a passive cooling device, to dissipate heat without consuming power and free of noise. The experiments for a TEG with 4 W rated power show that the LHP performs very well with overall thermal resistance 0.35 K W−1, from the cold side of TEG module to the ambient. The LHP is able to dissipate heat up to 110 W and is maintenance free. The TEG design match for maximum-power generation, called “near maximum-power point operation (nMPPO)”, is studied to eliminate the MPPT (maximum-power point tracking controller). nMPPO is simply a system design which properly matches the output voltage of TEG with the battery. It is experimentally shown that TEG using design match for maximum-power generation (nMPPO) performs better than TEG with MPPT.

Preparation, Characterization and Finite Element Computation of Cu(Al1/2Fe1/2)O2 Delafossite-Oxide Themoelectric Generator Module

The CuAl1/2Fe1/2O2 delafossite oxide has been synthesized by solid state reaction method for studying thermoelectric properties and measuring thermoelectric generator output electric power. The Finite Element technique was used to compute the output voltage of thermoelectric generator in applying temperature difference on a single bar and a module model with compared to the measurement results. The measurement results of positive sign Seebeck coefficient confirm the p-type conductor of the sample. The properties of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity are range from 260 to 310μV/K, from 7 to16 S/cm and from 2.5 to 3.5 W/cm-K,respectively, in the temperature range of 300 to 960 K. The output voltage of the single bar in dimension 4.2 × 2.5 × 20 mm3 obtained 0.5 to 3 mV on applying temperature difference from 1 to 10 K closely to the Finite Element result. The computing results of the thermoelectric single bar and module in high temperature reveal the output electric voltage of CuAl1/2Fe1/2O2 oxide raises with the temperature and the number of thermoelectric leg increase. In important results, the high value of electric voltage is obtained 0.2 and 0.4 V for the single bar and the module at 950 K.

Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting for Building Energy Management Wireless Sensor Networks

A thermoelectric energy harvester powered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) module designed for building energy management (BEM) applications is built and tested in this work. An analytic thermoelectric generator (TEG) electrical model is built and verified based on parameters given in manufacturer data sheets of Bismuth Telluride TEGs. A charge pump/switching regulator two-stage ultra-low voltage step-up DC/DC converter design is presented in this work to boost the &lt;0.5 V output voltage of TEG to usable voltage level for WSN (3.3 V). The design concept, device simulation, circuits schematic, and the measurement results are presented in detail. The prototype device test results show 25% end-to-end conversion efficiency in a wide range of input temperatures/voltages. Further tests demonstrate that the proposed thermoelectric generator design can effectively power WSN module which operates with a 1.7% duty cycle (5.8 seconds measurement time interval) when the prototype is placed on a typical wall-mount heater (60°C surface temperature). The thermoelectric energy harvesting powered WSN demonstrates duty cycles significantly higher than the required duty cycle for BEM WSN applications.