Output Time Functions Research Articles

RANCANGAN PERALATAN ALTERNATOR PADA SISTEM PENGAPIAN BUSI ELEKTRONIK CDI SEPEDA MOTOR

In automotive spark plug ignition, gasoline-fueled vehicles require spark ignition system equipment. One of the electronic cdi spark plug ignition systems uses electronic equipment and components that replace conventional spark plug ignition systems. In this study, the design of the electronic cdi spark plug ignition system using the main equipment of the alternator produces an ac output voltage source on the exiter coil winding. The results of the design of the equipment are generated by a timer signal from the pulser component related to the rpm speed of the alternator permanent magnet rotor shaft which is driven by the rotation of the ac electric motor shaft. The ignition timing process of the spark plug is controlled by the charge/discharge condition of the electronic capacitor charge in the cdi device to produce an ac power supply voltage, the output time function to the primary input of the coil is expressed as the Vprimer(t) parameter in volts. The result of the primary voltage Vprimer(t) at the primary input of the induced coil generates a high voltage at the secondary output of the ignition coil, which is expressed as the Vo(coil) parameter. The result of a high voltage Vo(coil) momentarily connected to the spark plug produces spark ignition which indicates that there is a spark in the spark plug gap.

METHODICAL TUNING OF PROPORTIONAL PLUS INTEGRAL CONTROLLERS FOR CASCADE CONTROL OF SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTORS

The cascade control of DC motors by PI controllers was extensively used in industry. Approximation rules based on plotting the output of the system or on computer simulation were used to determine the parameters of these controllers. This study was done to develop mathematical expressions to calculate the parameters of these controllers. Output time functions of the system and there derivatives were used to obtain mathematical relationships relating directly the motor parameters and the controller parameters. These relationships were used in tuning process of the cascade system. The dynamic performances of the system were examined in single loop form and in closed loop form for a step change in control variable (the input voltage) as well as for step change in disturbance (mechanical load). The performances of current closed loop system and the speed closed loop were acceptable. The steady state error was zero and the maximum overshoot was less than 20%. The developed relationships can be used in design and analysis of cascade DC drive systems and cascade AC drive systems.

An operating strategy for high-availability multi-station transfer lines

Economic efficiency of a multi-station transfer line (TL) is evaluated directly by the quantity of parts produced; therefore, each single manufactured part counts. The contribution presents an approach which applies a reliability-adaptive operating strategy in combination with tool derating. It is the objective to hold the system harmonisation of tool changes as maintenance actions. The significant effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by different configurations and contexts. The output-time function of a TL without reliability-adaptive control is compared with functions of a system with reliability-adaptive control.

TADA: An enhanced, portable Task Dynamics model in M A T L A B

A portable computational system called TADA was developed for the Task Dynamic model of speech motor control [Saltzman and Munhall, Ecol. Psychol. 1, 333–382 (1989)]. The model maps from a set of linguistic gestures, specified as activation functions with corresponding constriction goal parameters, to time functions for a set of model articulators. The original Task Dynamic code was ported to the (relatively) platform-independent MATLAB environment and includes a MATLAB version of the Haskins articulatory synthesizer, so that articulator motions computed by the Task Dynamic model can be used to generate sound. Gestural scores can now be edited graphically and the effects of gestural score changes on the models output evaluated. Other new features of the system include: (1) A graphical user interface that displays the input gestural scores, output time functions of constriction goal variables and articulators, and an animation of the resulting vocal-tract motion; (2) Integration of the Task Dynamic model with the prosodic clock-slowing, pi-gesture model of Byrd and Saltzman [J. Phonetics 31, 149–180 (2003)]. This now allows prosody-driven slowing to be applied to the full set of active gestures and its effects to be evaluated perceptually. [Work supported by NIH.]

Method of measuring time delay

The propagation time of a linear system, defined as the group delay at zero frequency, is given by the time centroid of its response to unit impulse. Based on this, a method of measurement is described which is independent of the shape of either the input or output time functions.

Time-Domain Approximation by Iterative Methods

An iterative procedure is presented which permits the determination of a rational transfer function in the Laplace transform variable s which is optimal with respect to given input and output time-functions. The optimal system of a particular order is defined as the one whose output when subjected to the known input function is nearest in the time integral square sense to the desired output function. The method is thus applicable to a number of problems involving the minimization of an integral square error. To illustrate the technique, a set of optimal lumped-parameter delay lines is synthesized and their characteristics investigated; the behavior and convergence of the iteration in these problems is also studied. A comparison of other iterative methods applicable to the same problems leads to the conclusion that the proposed procedure has real advantages in computational simplicity and speed of convergence.

On the Formulation of Adaptive Optimal Control Problems

The paper relates to an approach introduced by Kulikowski for adaptive optimal control of nonlinear systems. In this approach, the plant dynamics are represented symbolically by an operator which transforms or maps input time functions into corresponding output time functions. The contributions of the paper arise mainly from the physical considerations associated with such an operator representation, specifically the memory of the plant, and the influence of these considerations upon the formulation. It is shown that the optimal control problem may be formulated in various ways for a given plant and given performance criteria depending upon how the memory of the plant is taken into account.

Output Time Function of a Weighted, Tapped Delay Line used as an FM Signal Detector

The use of a tapped delay line with variable spacing for the detection of a Doppler invariant FM signal has previously been described. It is shown here that, if the duration of the signal is greater than that of the delay line, the output time function for the period when the whole of the delay line is occupied by the signal can be expressed by an equation similar to that used for the radiation pattern of a uniformly spaced array. A weighting function derived from a Chebishev polynomial may, therefore, be applied to the taps to optimize the output-signal-peak to minor-lobe ratio. The theory breaks down for the end periods when the signal does not fully occupy the delay line. Graphs for a number of specific weighting functions have been drawn to obtain an indication of the magnitude of the error due to this end effect.

General results in the mathematical theory of random signals and noise in nonlinear devices

An analysis is made of the output resulting from passing signals and noise through general zero memory nonlinear devices. New expressions are derived for the output time function and autocorrelation function in terms of weighted averages of the nonlinear characteristic and its derivatives. These expressions are not restricted to Gaussian noise and apply to any nonlinearity having no more than a finite number of discontinuities. The method of analysis used is heuristic.

A digital time-domain synthesis technique for feedback control systems

IN THE DESIGN of feedback control systems, the ultimate goal is the synthesis of a system to perform according to prescribed specifications. This paper develops a method of synthesis for feedback control systems which is partially based upon previous work in network theory and sampled-data systems. Synthesis is realized in the complex plane by obtaining the open-loop-system transfer function from the desired closed-loop input and output time functions. Specifications are introduced in terms of the system response to a deterministic input such as a step or ramp function. A plot of the desired closed-loop transient response is made which is then sampled at equal time intervals.

A General Method for Time Domain Network Synthesis

This paper presents one approach to the general problem of synthesis in the time domain. Given an arbitrary time function as the speci- fied input to an electrical network and another such time function as the desired output, it shows how to go about designing the net- work. These arbitrary time functions may be prescribed either graphically, analytically, or merely as sequences of values at stated intervals of time. The first step is to write the input and output time functions in time-sequence form. Then synthetic division of the output time se- quence by the input time sequence yields the sequence of areas under the impulse curve. The power series expansion of the Laplace trans- form is obtained from this sequence. A rational-function approxima- tion to this power series may then be calculated and, as a result of the special constraints used, the inverse Laplace transform of this ra- tional function will be a close approximation throughout the time domain to the required impulse response. The paper contributes to network theory a simple and straight for- ward synthesis method for the time domain, which is economical of computational time and effort. Examples are included to illustrate the method.