Power Supply Output Research Articles

Multiple-Split Transmitting Coils for Stable Output Power in Wireless Power Transfer System with Variable Airgaps

In this paper, a tunable multi-split transmitting (TX) coil for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system that accommodates a wide range of distances between the TX and receiving (RX) coils is proposed. This method enables the WPT system to maintain a stable and consistent output power supply to the load, regardless of variations in coupling coefficients caused by changes in the distance between the TX and RX coils. The tunable multi-split TX coil can operate in various modes depending on how the wire connections between each TX coil are configured. This approach adjusts the inductance value of the TX coil for different conditions, using the same amount of coil as a conventional single-loop TX coil. The results show that by adjusting the TX coil to three different modes as the airgap varies from 50 mm to 250 mm, consistent output power is achieved with smaller variations in the input current and voltage compared to those in a conventional system. A conventional system requires an input voltage increase of approximately 529.64%, while the proposed system requires only a 42.93% increase. The proposed system enhances the power transfer capacity of the WPT system, particularly when operating in an over-coupling state. This approach provides a stable output power supply with a standardized and simplified TX coil structure.

Effect of cutting tools and dynamic primary compensations on the working performance of contactless energy transfer system for rotary ultrasonic machining

In rotary ultrasonic machining, contactless energy transfer (CET) unit transmits electric energy from an ultrasonic power supply to a transducer, which converts the energy into ultrasonic vibration of the tool. Compensation enhances this transmission efficiency. However, the tool varies under different working conditions, changing the working performance of contactless energy transfer system (CETS), and fix compensation decreases CETS working performance under different tool parameters. To investigate the impact of tool size and dynamic compensations on CETS working performance, the equivalent-circuit models of CETS with dynamic primary compensations are developed, including dynamic primary series and parallel compensations, and examines the effect of tool on the transducer parameters. Subsequently, the effect of dynamic primary compensations and their variations on the CETS frequency characteristics, the influence of tool parameters and dynamic primary compensation variations on CETS transfer performance, and the sensitive analysis of CETS transfer performance on tool parameters and dynamic primary compensations are investigated. Finally, the experiment is conducted to validate the effects of tool and dynamic primary compensations, and the experimental results are consistent with the analysis above. Furthermore, the experiment also shows that a large tool extension can ensure the energy transmission of cutting tool, the dynamic primary series and parallel compensations are suitable options considering the stable output of ultrasonic power supply and load detection of transducer, respectively.

Single Event Effect Protection Design of Output Module of Relay Protection Device

Abstract A design scheme for single event effect protection of output modules has been proposed, which combines software and hardware to solve the problem of output relay misoperation or refusal to operate caused by single event effect in the output module of relay protection devices. The core idea is to use dual path independent logic processing in software and dual circuit combination driving control in hardware to ensure that the output of the relay protection device will not misoperate when single event effects occur. The error detection and correction of instruction processing code is designed for MCU on-chip instruction storage areas that are easily affected by single event effects. It executes cyclically, allowing the output module to quickly return to normal after single-event effects occur, ensuring that the device output will not refuse to operate when it is expected to operate. When an irreparable error is detected, the output power supply is locked to ensure that the device output does not misoperate. Based on the experimental verification results, the reliability of the relay protection device is improved through the above methods.

Bacterial cellulose/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite films for moist-electric energy harvesting

Generation of renewable and clean electricity energy from ubiquitous moisture for the power supply of portable electronic devices has become one of the most promising energy collection methods. However, the modest electrical output and transient power supply characteristics of existing moist-electric generator (MEG) severely limit its commercial application, leading to an urgent demand of developing a MEG with high electrical output and continuous power generation capacity. In this work, it is demonstrated that a flexible bacterial cellulose (BC)/Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) double-layer (BM-dl) film prepared by vacuum filtration can maintain the moisture concentration difference in the film MEG. Unlike previous studies on cellulose based MEG, BM-dl film has a heterogeneous structure, resulting in a maximum output power density of 0.163 μW/cm2, an extreme voltage of 0.84 V, and current of 2.21 μA at RH = 90 %. BM-dl MEG can generate a voltage of 0.55 V continuously for 45 h in a natural environment (RH = 63–77 %, T = 26–27 °C), which is in a leading level among existing reported cellulose-based MEGs. In summary, this study provides new ideas for innovative design of MEG, which is highly competitive in terms of energy supply for the Internet of Things and wearable devices.

Design and development of single-phase inverter for locomotives based on SVPWM

For locomotive in high-power inverter power supply output efficiency is low, the level is not stable, push-pull circuit before the switch tube of high pressure, low utilization rate of the original winding transformer problem, designed and developed a kind of single phase inverter power supply based on SVPWM control. The inverter is designed with a modular structure with a rated power of 4KW, which is used to supply power to the cab electrical apparatus and auxiliary air compressor at both ends of the locomotive. It is composed of a filter circuit, a front-end boost control drive circuit, a full-bridge DC boost circuit, an inverter control circuit, a voltage and current sampling circuit, a back-end full-bridge inverter circuit and a protection circuit. The front stage of the inverter adopts a full bridge chopper circuit topology, while the rear stage achieves SVPWM control through the Vacon NXS control box. Finally, a power supply prototype was produced through simulation verification, and the results showed that the designed power supply met the design requirements.

Optimization of the power supply and temperature control algorithm for a second-dimension temperature programming system used in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

This study evaluates the relationship between the power supply output (voltage (V), current (I), power (W)), used for heating a second dimension (²D) column, and the maximum heating rate and temperature offset achievable by custom built ²D temperature programming system (²DTPS). The influence of the gas chromatograph (GC) oven temperature, ²D column flow rate, and ²D column dimensions when heating the ²D column were also explored. This data provided the minimum power needed for heating a ²D column (normalized to its length), based on the heating rate or temperature offset relative to the first dimension (¹D) column. During the study, optimization of the temperature control algorithm was also carried out to expand the dynamic range of the heating rate for a single power supply output (V, I), while maintaining a temperature deviation of < 0.75 °C between the measured temperature and temperature setpoint. This simplified the power supply specification recommendation to voltages which provide 1.5 A for heating rates and maximum temperature offsets below 28 °C/s and 70 °C, respectively, and 1.9 A when higher heating rates or temperature offsets were needed.

An Energy-Feed Type Split-Capacitor Three-Phase Four-Wire Power Electronic Load Compatible with Various Load Demands

Energy-feed power electronic loads can precisely control the phase and magnitude of the power supply output current, achieving the emulation of loads. Moreover, they can feed energy back to the grid for energy regeneration, demonstrating significant research value. This article proposes an energy-fed power electronic load topology and control method that can realize the static and dynamic simulation of linear and non-linear loads and take into account the simulation needs of single-phase, three-phase three-wire, and three-phase four-wire loads. The main circuit uses a two-stage back-to-back AC/DC/AC structure: the front side is a three-phase four-wire split capacitor PWM rectifier bridge, which is used to simulate loads under various operating conditions; the back side is a three-phase three-wire PWM inverter bridge, which realizes the energy feeding back to the grid and reduces the waste of energy; and the intermediate side uses a split capacitor to equalize the voltage and achieve voltage stabilization. The topology is analyzed under the simulation demands of three-phase balanced, three-phase unbalanced, single-phase and non-linear loads. Finally, a MATLAB(R2022a)/Simulink simulation platform is built for a power electronic load with a rated capacity of 200 kVA. The simulation results verify the effectiveness, feasibility, and advancement of the power electronic load proposed in this article.

Power losses in the MOSFET transistors of switching-mode converters

The power losses in the MOSFET transistors of switching-mode converters are investigated and analyzed. The results presented in this paper are achieved using software Cadence OrCAD. The simulation model suitable for estimation of energy dissipations in MOSFET transistors is proposed. The power losses as a function of different circuit’s parameters, like switching frequency, power supply voltage and output current are evaluated. The PSpice model of MOSFET transistor “BSC020N03MS” of the company Infineon is used in the presented analysis. Control circuit, which realize the adaptive deadtime (ADT) control technique depending on the load current, is applied to reduce the switching power losses in the MOSFET transistor. Thus, the efficiency of the switching-mode converters can be increased.

Initial Design of Free energy magnetic generator (FEMG)

Nowadays, it is essential for some areas that there would be implemented such ways for electricity cost reductions in the areas, equipment durability and minimal technical labour demand maintenance. There are many type of generator that can help to generate the electricity such as steam turbines, gasoline turbines, electrical generators, solar or wind turbines, internal combustion engines, and biogas engines. However, there are many drawbacks of using these generators. One of the major drawbacks of these non-renewable generators are the released of hazardous exhausts into the environment such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, or any other dangerous exhaust. These will produce air pollution, although it imposes environmental costs through manufacture and construction. One of the well-known energy sufficient generator is the permanent magnet generator. The main aim for this project is to design a Free Energy Magnetic Generator (FEMG) using conventional induced voltage generating principle for industrial and residential appliances. The design will be used JMAG Designer Software from designing and observing the generator. It can be concluded that this generator can give a continuous output power supply due to the capability of the generator to produce high output power with low cogging torque which is 2.1Nm. Perhaps, the maximum value of magnetic flux between coil is 2.1066 while the minimum value is 0.0418.

Data-driven voltage/var optimization control for active distribution network considering PV inverter reliability

Fully exploiting the reactive power support capability of the distributed photovoltaic power supply is helpful to solve the problems of voltage fluctuation, voltage overlimit and new energy consumption in the distribution network. However, the reactive power output of the photovoltaic power supply will seriously threaten the reliable operation of the photovoltaic inverter. Therefore, this paper proposes a data-driven voltage-reactive optimization control strategy considering the reliability of the photovoltaic inverter. Firstly, the data-driven model is used to calculate the insulated gate bipolar transistor junction temperature, which improves the calculation efficiency of the insulated gate bipolar transistor junction temperature and reduces the dependence of the evaluation accuracy on the insulated gate bipolar transistor parameters. Then, the voltage-reactive optimization control model of the distribution network considering the reliability of the photovoltaic inverter is established, and the average junction temperature and junction temperature fluctuation of the insulated gate bipolar transistor are introduced into the model optimization goal. The optimization model is transformed into the reinforcement learning task, and then the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm is used to realize voltage-reactive control. According to the simulation of IEEE 33 node distribution system, the proposed strategy can increase the minimum and average insulated gate bipolar transistor lifetime of all nodes by 6 years and 4 years. At the same time, it can reduce the minimum and average levelized cost of energy of all nodes by 0.1095 $/W and 0.0318 $/W.

Analysis and Evaluation of Bearing Capacity of Distributed Photovoltaic Connected to Hunan Power Grid

The development of distributed power in Hunan Province is mainly photovoltaic, with an average annual growth rate of 16.4% in the past five years. By the end of October 2022, Hunan’s distributed photovoltaic installed capacity is 3.06 million kilowatts, accounting for 54.6% of the total photovoltaic installed capacity, which exceeds the centralized photovoltaic installed capacity. Due to the rapid large-scale development of distributed photovoltaics, it is common that the actual operation scale exceeds the contemporaneous planning. In addition, Hunan distributed photovoltaic access is concentrated in northern and southern Hunan, while in southern Hunan, due to a large number of local clean energy, a large number of distributed photovoltaic access will increase the output of terminal power supply, which can seriously cause the grid power flow to reverse. This paper takes the power grid topology in southern Hunan as an example of carrying out the bearing capacity assessment of regional distributed photovoltaic access to the power grid. This method guides the rational layout of distributed photovoltaics and stably ensures the operation of the Hunan power grid.

Research On Multi-source Collaborative Distribution Network Fault Recovery Technology

When a power outage occurs in the power system, multiple distributed power sources and energy storage systems connected to the distribution network can be coordinated to restore power to important lost loads in a priority and fast manner. However, the generation output of intermittent power sources such as wind and photovoltaic is uncertain, which makes it difficult to provide a continuous and stable power supply to the loads in isolated islands. In this paper, we first explore the improvement effect of multi-source cooperative fault recovery on distribution system resilience, consider the distribution system with distributed power sources, energy storage systems, and controllable loads, and propose a distribution system recovery model with the goal of maximizing the power consumption of the restored loads for a relatively short period of time after a power outage incident. Then, the power output characteristics and power supply capacity of various distributed power sources are analyzed, and the intermittent power output fluctuations are compensated using controllable loads. Finally, the proposed model and method are validated using a modified IEEE 33-node distribution network as an example.

BAS-PSO Algorithm for Integrated Energy System Optimization of Multiple Energy Supply Facilities

Regional low carbon will play an important role in the path of achieving the “double carbon” goal, and there are still many key technologies to be broken in its planning research. In this paper, an optimal scheduling model of integrated energy system with multiple energy supply devices is established by using Beetle Antennae Search-Particle Swarm Optimization (BAS-PSO) algorithm. First, in the scheduling model, a carbon trading mechanism is introduced and a stepped carbon trading cost model is constructed to constrain the carbon emissions of the plant. Then, using drosophila algorithm, the premise of whether wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation need to be built is determined by judging the economics of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation in the construction area, and then the target power consumption curve and new energy power supply output curve are fitted. Then use the life cycle analysis method to analyze the carbon emissions generated by electric energy storage equipment, consider the carbon trading mechanism in the system economic operation model, and solve the model by BAS-PSO algorithm to overcome the problems of local optimum and slow convergence speed. Finally, a typical park integrated energy system is simulated to analyze the economic operation conditions and energy efficiency level of the system before and after participation in demand response. The innovation of this paper lies in considering the carbon trading mechanism and solving with the optimized BAS-PSO algorithm. Considering carbon trading can effectively improve the system wind power consumption capacity, and the optimized BAS-PSO algorithm improves the defects of traditional PSO. The simulation analysis results show that the established optimal scheduling model with multiple energy supply devices can realize the optimal operation of the integrated energy system of the park in the demand response environment; the improved BAS-PSO finds the lowest energy consumption within 100 iterations in 21 out of 50 iterations; the improved BAS-PSO algorithm reduces the energy consumption by 27.1 kW on average.

Dynamic analysis and control optimization of hydrogen supply for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and metal hydride coupling system with a hydrogen buffer tank

Dynamic response hysteresis in the hydrogen supply process of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and metal hydride (MH) coupling system (PEMFC-MH system) is a significant challenge, especially during transient loads. Accordingly, this study proposes a PEMFC-MH system equipped with a hydrogen buffer tank, and the heat required by MH tanks is supplied by PEMFC waste heat through the circulating water. Additionally, this study develops three control methods, including proportional-integral-derivative control (PID), fuzzy PID control, and PID coupled with model predictive control (PID-MPC) to address the response hysteresis issue. Furthermore, this study analyzes and summarizes the variation regulations of key performance parameters, and evaluates the overall performance and energy-saving effects of the system under periodic variable current conditions. Results demonstrate that dynamic response of the proposed system can be significantly improved by implementing the pressure control target in the buffer tank. Additionally, the PID-MPC control method exhibits the optimal comprehensive control effect, combining the fast regulation rate and strong anti-interference advantages. Under PID-MPC control, the main performance parameters such as the output voltage, output power, and hydrogen supply flow, can be rapidly stabilized following short fluctuations and hysteresis, even during current transient changes. Under periodic variable current conditions, the waste heat can provide sufficient heating power for MH to meet the required transient response when the hydrogen state of charge (SOC) is above approximately 3.1%. However, if the SOC drops below this level, the MH desorption flow will sharply decrease, necessitating prompt supplementation of external heaters or additional hydrogen. Moreover, the MH system can recover around 32.1% of the PEMFC waste heat under overall operating conditions, demonstrating significant energy-saving potential. This study can provide a theoretical basis and novel approaches for controlling the hydrogen supply process of such systems.

Parallel Current-sharing Design of Mine Explosion-proof Lithium-ion Battery Power Supply

When the output of explosion-proof lithium power supply is used in parallel, there exists the problem of non-uniform current between power sources, so a digital current-sharing strategy and module are designed. The digital current-sharing module uses the current-sharing MCU unit as the current regulating component to monitor the front-stage current and post-stage voltage, current and their feedback values of the power supply power circuit in real time. At the same time, the current compensation values are exchanged through the real-time communication bus, and the current-sharing modules of each power supply balance the current by adjusting the output current. The experimental results show that the problem of parallel current sharing of explosion-proof lithium power supply is solved effectively.

An active filtering strategy of LCL filter for inverter power supply of electromagnetic pump

The inverter power supply for an electromagnetic pump is a motor controller based on a three-phase inverter. This inverter needs to be followed by an LCL filter as a filter for connecting the electromagnetic pump. But the LCL filter has a large resonance spike at the resonance point. This can cause relatively large interference to the control system and also increase the harmonics of the inverter power supply output current. Therefore, it is necessary to suppress the resonant spikes of the LCL filter. In this paper, an active filtering strategy based on a trap is proposed by comparing the existing passive filtering strategies. The trap can be used to generate an anti-resonant peak at the resonance point of the LCL, which is used to cancel the resonant spike of the LCL filter. This method ensures the resonant peak suppression effect without affecting the filtering effect of the LCL filter.

Need Based Design and Topology of Power Supply for Industrial Instruments

Abstract: Process control instruments plays decisive role in regulation and monitoring like control actions which requires efficient circuit analysis and different input and output power supplies to make it connectable in panels or used separately. This paper gives a comprehensive study of power supply used in instruments, based on power electronics principle used to improve circuit performance. Furthermore, it also includes analysis for energy conversion, switching devices, control methods, conduction modes and protection mechanism to make the supply efficient. Supply topologies i.e., Linear&amp; Switched Mode Power supply are used as per the requirement of instruments. Both the supplies include different challenges and solutions to overcome losses and make the supply efficient. The analysis includes various parameters like voltage, current, power loss, waveform, efficiency, switching, feed-back and ringing. These parameters affect the whole supply if problem occurs in any of them.

Research on Design Principle and Process Design of Printed Circuit Board Type Overcurrent Protection Device for Chang’e-4 Popular Science Load Cable

The science popularization load of chang’e-4 is a high-density pressure resistant container with a diameter of 173 mm, a height of 198 mm and a weight of only 2.608 kg. It is loaded with cotton, rape, potato, Arabidopsis, yeast and Drosophila. With the successful landing of chang’e-4, this load has entered the growth and development mode of biological lunar surface. The data interface unit (DIU) of the lander provides the primary bus for the science popularization load system of Chang’e 4. The data interface unit provides no overcurrent protection measures for the power supply output. The science popularization load is provided with the command power supply by the lander system unit (SMU). The current limiting resistance of the power supply output is small, and there is moisture inside the science popularization load. In order to cope with the short circuit of the power supply bus and the command bus caused by the unexpected short circuit of the science popularization load power supply connector, In order to ensure the normal operation of popular science load equipment, the overcurrent protection design is considered on the power supply cable of popular science load.

Research on photovoltaic MPPT algorithm based on improved perturbation observation method

The connection of new energy, mainly solar energy, is closely related to the output of photovoltaic power supply. When the PV curve of photovoltaic output is optimally solved, it is easy to take the local optimal solution as the global optimal solution. Aiming at the shortcoming that the traditional perturbation observation method is only suitable for single peak tracking in maximum power tracking, the characteristics of photovoltaic output power are studied and analyzed, and the perturbation method is used to track the maximum power according to the distribution characteristics of each extreme point. Through the simulation analysis in MATLAB/Simulink environment, the results show that the improved algorithm has high accuracy and is easy to realize, and it has a good effect on solving the global optimal solution of photovoltaic output power.

Research and Design of Microgrid Simulation System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

With the continuous development of modern power electronics and chip technology, numerical control inverter power supply is more and more widely used in industrial control and civil fields. High performance numerical control inverter has become one of the research focuses in the power supply field. In this paper, a micro grid simulation system based on single-chip microcomputer is designed. The effective value of the load line current of the inverter part is within 2A, the effective value of the line voltage changes within 24V ± 0.07V, the frequency fluctuation is 50Hz ± 0.2Hz, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the AC bus voltage is not more than 1.6%, and the power output efficiency reaches 91.6%, achieving good performance. In addition, the system can manually set the power supply output voltage frequency by pressing the key, and display the output voltage and current in real time. At the same time, the system has over-current protection function, which greatly improves the safety and stability when the current is too large.