Orthodontic Techniques Research Articles

Sub-mucosal micro-screws as ideal temporary anchorage devices

Introduction: Tooth movements require a stable base. The most stable endo-buccal base is bone, thus temporary bone-anchoring techniques have been well developed to date. Literature review of different bone-anchoring techniques reveals limitations in their regular use, particularly when it comes to mini-screw stability. The purpose of this paper is to present a reliable temporary bone-anchoring technique pushing the limits of orthodontic treatments. Technique: The device is made of one to two micro-screws connected to a steel or titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA ® ) wire going through one or two loops. The device is then inserted into the bony base after a mucoperiosteal incision. The connecting arm, which emerges through the mucosa, is then connected to the teeth to be pulled in a direct or indirect manner. Comments: This device provides advantages in terms of reliability, versatility of orthodontic movements, simplicity in terms of protocol installation and removal, and poses no anatomical risk. Conclusion: This is an orthodontic surgical technique that provides a real benefit to the patient.

Orthodontic treatment-related risks and complications: part I dental complications

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is a complex medical intervention carried out over an extended period. During this time, risks may turn into complications. It is necessary to identify the risks that are associated with the orthodontic intervention to be applied, as there are numerous complications possibly linked to that treatment. The occurrence of these complications depends on the orthodontic technique, medical knowledge in this field, patient’s general and oral health, and oral hygiene habits. These must be considered even from the start because it might influence the treatment objectives, phases, and goals.Aim: of this study is to present a contemporary attitude of the main risks and complications linked to orthodontic interventions in clinical practice.Materials and methods: Classification presented by Graber et al. in publication, “Risk management in orthodontics: expert’s guide to malpractice,” is used as a starting point for the development of this review. A complex search was performed (Pubmed, Google Scholar, etc.), with the restriction upon of publication date (beginning with 2004) to find relevant current studies. Search keywords were combinations of words: complication, orthodontic treatment, risks, side effects.Concluding remarks: According to contemporary literature, there are a lot of conditions to which orthodontic treatment can be linked. There is a medico-legal obligation to inform our patients about side effects of any medical intervention what will be undertaken.

Applying neuromuscular techniques in the orthodontic setting

Introduction : Neuromuscular orthodontic techniques that investigate the interrelatedness of the muscles, bones, joints and teeth involved in oral function, hold promise for the treatment of a spectrum of oral disorders. Indeed, such technologies will help patients receive a more targeted level of care. Here we present a case report concerning an 11-year-old boy who underwent orthodontic treatment for recurrent pain of the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ), misaligned teeth, and irregular clicking noises (associated with the right TMJ) during mouth opening. The basic principles of the use of mandibular tracking, surface electromyography, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to diagnose malocclusions and determine the cranio-mandibular relationship are outlined. Case presentation : Pre-treatment status, progress, post-treatment status and 8-year follow-up data are shown. Conclusion : As neuromuscular orthodontics can provide detailed functional analyses through a combination of technologies, the clinician is better placed to evaluate the needs of the patient and deliver treatment. Further deployment of such techniques should, therefore, be encouraged to increase orthodontic health and practice.

Orthodontic Management for Class III Malocclusion

Background: Class III malocclusion influences between 5% and 15% of the population. The 2 most common quandaries encompassing Class III management are the planning of treatment and the type of appliance. Various appliances have been utilized to correct a Class III skeletal discrepancy; however there is little proof accessible on their adequacy in the long term. Additionally, early management of Class III malocclusion has been practiced with expanding interest. Nevertheless, there has been no strong confirmation on the advantages in the long term. Aim of the study: we conducted this systematic review to assess the adequacy of orthodontic techniques utilized in the early treatment of Class III malocclusion in the short and long terms. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the scientific database independently of language, particularly MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and individual orthodontic journals were searched to November 2016. The selection criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective controlled clinical trials (CCTs) of children between the ages of 7 and 12 years on early treatment with any type of orthodontic/orthopaedic appliance compared with another appliance to correct Class III malocclusion or with an untreated control group. The primary outcome measure was correction of reverse overjet, and the secondary outcomes included skeletal changes, soft tissue changes, quality of life, patient compliance, adverse effect, Peer Assessment Rating score, and treatment time. Results: Ten studies, 6 RCTs and 4 CCTs, are involved in this review. In the RCT group, only 2 of 6 studies were assessed at low risk of bias, and the others were at high or unclear risk of bias. All 4 CCT studies were classified as high risk of bias. Two RCTs involving 109 participants looked at the comparison between protraction facemask and untreated control. The results for ANB angle (mean difference, 3.40; 95% CI, 2.6-3.15; P <0.0001) and reverse overjet (mean difference, 2.5 mm; 95% CI, 1.21-3.79; P< 0.0001) were statistically significant favouring the facemask group. All CCTs validated a statistically significant advantage in favour of the use of each appliance. Nonetheless, the studies had high risk of bias. Conclusions: There is a moderate amount of evidence to show that early treatment with a facemask results in positive improvement for both skeletal and dental effects in the short term. Though, there was absence of evidence on long-term benefits. There is certain evidence regarding the chin cup, removable mandibular retractor, and tandem traction bow appliance; however the studies had a high risk of bias. Additional high-quality, long-term studies are assessing to evaluate the early treatment effects for Class III malocclusion patients.

Bacteremic capacity of a minimally invasive flapless accelerated orthodontic technique

ObjectiveThe aim of present prospective cohort study was to investigate prevalence of bacteremia after a minimally invasive flapless accelerated orthodontic technique. Material and MethodsThe sample consisted of 30 orthodontic patients (18 female, 12 male; mean age: 19.57 ± 0.5 years). All patients had Class I malocclusion and had fixed orthodontic appliance treatment. The flapless technique was performed with a reinforced scalpel on the labial aspect of the mandibular incisors to separate the interproximal cortices transmucosally. Using aseptic technique, two blood samples of 20 mL were collected before and 30 to 60 seconds after the flapless technique. The blood was aseptically inoculated into culture bottles and incubated at 35°C for 2 weeks. Medium alterations showing bacterial growth were investigated by using Gram staining. The bacteria were identified by VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) automated microbiology identification system. The result was analyzed statistically using the McNemar test, with P < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. The intensity of bacteremia was expressed as colony-forming units per milliliter. ResultsNo significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative samples were determined with respect to bacteremia (P = 0.335). Only Streptococcus oralis was detected in two postoperative samples. ConclusionA minimally invasive flapless accelerated orthodontic technique is not related to transitory bacteremia, as Streptococcus oralis was detected in only two postoperative samples.

Biomechanics in orthodontics

Biomechanics in orthodontics

Discussion on Orthodontic Technique of Oral Cavity

The development of oral orthodontic disciplines of Jinzhou Medical College Department of Oral Zhang Yuxia any subject development and other disciplines are closely related to the development of orthodontics is no exception, which can be obtained from its development process prove. Initially used to treat orthodontic patients with precious metals, because of the expensive, very few people acceptable. Later, materials scientists and orthodontists through.

Використання ортодонтичної брекет-системи як додаткового методу фіксації за умов функціонально-стабільного остеосинтезу в фронтальній ділянці нижньої щелепи: власний досвід

In this scientific research on the basis of literary review and own clinical experience the results of treatment of 15 patients with symphyseal/parasymphyseal fractures in 12 patients were combined with fractures of other sites (angle, condylar process) by means of functionally stable osteosynthesis with additional mono- or intermaxillary fixation with elements of non-removable orthodontic technique (brackets Victory®(3М Unitek®, USA)), which were fixed on teeth according to standart method, are generalized. In all 15 cases anatomical and functional results of symphyseal/parasymphyseal osteosynthesis with additional bracket fixation were evaluated by us as good. A normalization of mandibular anatomical shape and bite was confirmed both clinically and roentgenologically. The terms of temporary intermaxillary fixation were from 1 to 8 days depending on amount and locations of fractures. There were no inflammatory complications or non-union. It was established that employment of bracket system, oppositely to traditional splinting techniques, provides teeth stabilization in fracture gap as well as interfragmentary compression due to directed elastic pull, which allow to widen the indications for leaving teeth in situ, especially in aestetically important areas.

Nonextraction Treatment of Class I Malocclusion having Anterior Crowding and Multiple Canine Impactions

ABSTRACTCanine impaction is a condition wherein the tooth is embedded in the alveolus and is locked in by bone, teeth, or other structures, leading to difficulty in eruption. In this study, we present a case report of a 15-year-old female patient with a straight profile, class I skeletal and dental relationship, over retained deciduous teeth, severe anterior crowding in both the arches, and impacted canine in maxillary arch on both the sides and in mandibular arch on the right side. Extraction of deciduous teeth was done prior to fixed appliance therapy. After leveling and alignment using fixed appliance, surgical exposure of impacted canines was done using open flap surgical technique. Canines were brought into occlusion using conventional orthodontic technique. In mandibular arch, space for lingually placed lateral incisor was created using nickel—titanium (NiTi) open coil spring. Results achieved after decrowding and getting impacted canines into normal occlusion are presented.How to cite this articleSirsat CD, Patni V, Daga P, Joshi D. Nonextraction Treatment of Class I Malocclusion having Anterior Crowding and Multiple Canine Impactions. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(3):169-173.

Inferior subapical osteotomy for dentoalveolar decompensation of class III malocclusion in ‘surgery-first’ and ‘surgery-early’ orthognathic treatment

Increasing experience with alternative timing protocols in orthognathic surgery has given way to new surgical and orthodontic techniques to shorten treatment times, reduce biological costs, and improve the final outcome. A prospective evaluation of class III patients who received an inferior segmental osteotomy (ISO) for decompensation of significantly retroclined lower incisors in the context of ‘surgery-first’ (SF) or ‘surgery-early’ (SE) timing protocols was performed. Treatment was planned virtually. A thorough periodontal assessment was performed at baseline and periodically until debonding. A minimally invasive surgical technique including selective interdental corticotomies and elective bone augmentation was used. Patient and orthodontist satisfaction with the treatment was evaluated. Eight patients (mean age 26.3 years) underwent surgery. One had isolated maxillary surgery and seven had bimaxillary surgery in combination or not with additional cosmetic procedures. The periodontal status of all patients remained stable throughout the observation period. The mean duration of orthodontic treatment was 8.7 months in the SF group and 10.5 months in the SE group. Satisfaction with treatment was extremely high. The ISO is a safe, reliable technique for dentoalveolar decompensation in timing protocols with a short or no orthodontic preparatory phase. This methodology may represent a reasonable approach in selected class III patients.

Adverse effects of lingual and buccal orthodontic techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of adverse effects associated with lingual and buccal fixed orthodontic techniques. Two authors searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases up to October 2014. Agreement between the authors was quantified by the Cohen kappa statistic. The following variables were analyzed: pain, caries, eating and speech difficulties, and oral hygiene. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess risk of bias in nonrandomized studies, and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was used for randomized controlled trials. Eight articles were included in this systematic review. Meta-analysis showed a statistically greater risk of pain of the tongue (odds ratio [OR], 28.32; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 8.60-93.28; P<0.001), cheeks (OR,0.087; 95% CI, 0.036-0.213; P<0.0010), and lips (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.39; P<0.001), as well as for the variables of speech difficulties (OR, 9.39; 95% CI, 3.78-23.33; P<0.001) and oral hygiene (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.02-11.95; P=0.047) with lingual orthodontics. However, nostatistical difference was found with respect to eating difficulties (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 0.86-16.28; P=0.079) and caries (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.17-7.69; P=0.814 [Streptococcus mutans] and OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.20-2.23; P=0.515 [Lactobacillus]). This systematic reviewsuggests that patients wearing lingual appliances have more pain, speech difficulties, and problems in maintaining adequate oral hygiene, although no differences for eating and caries risk were identified. Further prospective studies involving larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results.

Changes in force associated with the amount of aligner activation and lingual bodily movement of the maxillary central incisor.

ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to measure the orthodontic forces generated by thermoplastic aligners and investigate the possible influences of different activations for lingual bodily movements on orthodontic forces, and their attenuation.MethodsThermoplastic material of 1.0-mm in thickness was used to manufacture aligners for 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 mm activations for lingual bodily movements of the maxillary central incisor. The orthodontic force in the lingual direction delivered by the thermoplastic aligners was measured using a micro-stress sensor system for the invisible orthodontic technique, and was monitored for 2 weeks.ResultsOrthodontic force increased with the amount of activation of the aligner in the initial measurements. The attenuation speed in the 0.6 mm group was faster than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). All aligners demonstrated rapid relaxation in the first 8 hours, which then decreased slowly and plateaued on day 4 or 5.ConclusionsThe amount of activation had a substantial influence on the orthodontic force imparted by the aligners. The results suggest that the activation of lingual bodily movement of the maxillary central incisor should not exceed 0.5 mm. The initial 4 or 5 days is important with respect to orthodontic treatment incorporating an aligner.

Alignment of teeth using different aesthetic orthodontic techniques (conventional buccal technique, lingual technique and Inman Aligner): In vitro study

Background and objective: An expectation of beautiful smiles at the end of orthodontic treatment is a primary concern to each patient, but is also equally concerned with appearance while undergoing treatment. The development of appliances that combine both acceptable aesthetics for the patient and adequate technical performance for the clinician is the ultimate goal. The aim of this study was to compare three different aesthetic orthodontic techniques with different biomechanics in order to quantify the efficiency of these techniques in alignment of displaced upper right central incisor and investigating the effects of these variables on alignment considering its tipping and rotation. Methods: The sample consisted of three groups with each group including 15 samples; (1) conventional buccal technique group, (2) lingual technique group and (3) Inman Aligner group, all on a typodont simulation system (dentsply). Preoperative and postoperative digital images were taken and analyzed using Autodesk AutoCAD software. Results: The conventional buccal technique gave rise to the highest mean of tooth tipping and rotation followed by the lingual technique. The Inman Aligner produced the least level of tooth tipping and rotation. Conclusion: The best method of alignment is the conventional buccal technique followed by the lingual technique. The least favourable one is the Inman Aligner.

Surgically-based methods to modify orthodontic tooth movement: A literature review

Aim: Reducing treatment time in orthodontics is a matter of strong interest for clinicians and patients. Many procedures have been reported in literature in the last years intending to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement by modifying its biological substrate. Among them, surgical techniques are becoming increasingly popular. The aim of the present article is to review these surgical techniques, offering a clear idea of the scientific evidence available in literature and the possible implications of these techniques in the future. Methods: A literature search was performed in the databases MedLine and Scopus, including all article types focused on surgically-based methods to modify tooth movement in combination with orthodontic or orthopedic force. Results: Osteotomy, corticotomy and piezocision are the most representative of the so-called 'surgically facilitated orthodontic techniques (SFOTs)'. Corticotomy and piezocision share the same biological background (Regional acceleratory phenomena or RAP) while osteotomy is based on osteogenic distraction. A historical overview and a description of the techniques are included in the text. Conclusion: Although clinical results are promising, most of the articles concerning SFOTs are studies performed on animals or case reports. There is a need for evidence-based reports and standardized protocols in order to clarify the process behind tooth movement secondary to surgery, biologically speaking. Side effects of the surgeries and stability of the orthodontic treatment on mid to long-term are yet insufficiently reported.

A-one Stage Corticotomy Assisted Orthodontic Technique For Accelerated Retraction

A-one Stage Corticotomy Assisted Orthodontic Technique For Accelerated Retraction

ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ОСНОВНИХ ПОЛОЖЕНЬ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПЛАНУ З ПРЕДМЕТА КУРС ЗА ВИБОРОМ “СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НЕЗНІМНОЇ ОРТОДОНТИЧНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ” НА КАФЕДРІ ДИТЯЧОЇ СТОМАТОЛОГІЇ ІВАНО-ФРАНКІВСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ-СУБОРДИНАТ

&lt;p&gt;У статті висвітлена методика впровадження в педагогічний процес основних положень навчального плану з предмета курс за вибором “Сучасні технології застосування незнімної ортодонтичної техніки” на кафедрі дитячої стоматології Івано-Франківського національного медичного університету для студентів-субординаторів стоматологічного факультету. На основі типової програми дисципліни нами розроблено та адаптовано навчально-методичний комплекс, який забезпечить професійну підготовку спеціалістів європейського рівня. Лекційний матеріал та практичні заняття з цього предмета сприяють удосконаленню навичок діагностики та лікування ортодонтичної патології, сучасного ортодонтичного лікування із застосуванням незнімної апаратури, а також попередження та усунення помилок і ускладнень, які можуть виникати при терапії брекет-системами. 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Optimization of treatment based on edgewise orthodontic technique in view of individual shape of dental arch

Optimization of treatment based on edgewise orthodontic technique in view of individual shape of dental arch

Simple and cost-effective approach for maxillary bilateral posterior intrusion: Nandlal Toshniwal Rural Dental College double intrusion arch

Prosthodontic rehabilitation of edentulous space is often complicated with overeruption of antagonistic tooth and often requires preprosthodontic intervention. In this context, orthodontic intrusion of the overerupted antagonistic tooth to facilitate prosthodontic rehabilitation is a desirable strategy. Without orthodontic molar intrusion or segmental surgical impaction, restoring the posterior occlusion often entails the need for significant reduction of maxillary molar crown height, with the potential need for costly iatrogenic root canal therapy and restoration. Conventional orthodontic techniques do not intrude posterior teeth effectively, and almost all methods result in anterior extrusion rather than posterior intrusion. This case report describes the treatment of a patient with supra-erupted maxillary right and left first molars intruded with Nandlal Toshniwal Rural Dental College double intrusion arch. The results showed that the biological responses of the teeth and the surrounding bony structures to the intrusion appeared normal and acceptable.

Stainless Steel: Material Facts for the Orthodontic Practitioner

Abstract. Stainless steel is one of the most widely used materials in current orthodontics.Archwires, brackets, bands, ligatures, tubes, among other appliances, aremanufactured using different types of this alloy. The first evidence of the use ofthis alloy in the orthodontic field dates back to the mid-1920s, when it was introducedas a material to manufacture wires. The alloy has ever since gained popularityamong orthodontists and its further development has led to its widespread usein today’s different orthodontic techniques. Despite being available for more than80 years, and the fact that most orthodontists use it on a daily basis, there is still alack of knowledge about the basic principles, composition, and properties of thismaterial by these professionals. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review isto discuss the main characteristics and properties of stainless steel that are usefulin the orthodontic practice for orthodontists to take advantage of this remarkablematerial.

Interdisciplinary treatment of an adult with bilateral cleft lip and palate with missing premaxilla: The prosthodontic perspective

Conventional orthognathic surgery and orthodontic techniques occasionally fail to completely correct the occlusal relationship and esthetic deficits of patients with cleft lip and palate and severe midface deficiency. Prosthodontic rehabilitation is often required to establish adequate occlusion and provide a more proportional facial appearance. This clinical report describes the interdisciplinary management of an adult with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate who was treated with distraction osteogenesis using a rigid external distraction device for maxillary advancement and his prosthodontic rehabilitation with a dual path removable partial overdenture to develop definitive facial and dental esthetic form.