Orphan Problem Research Articles

Needs and Problems of Adolescent Orphans at Governmental Residential Institutions in Alexandria

Needs and Problems of Adolescent Orphans at Governmental Residential Institutions in Alexandria

Correcting for the overabundance of low-mass quiescent galaxies in semi-analytic models

ABSTRACT We compare the l-galaxies semi-analytic model to deep observational data from the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) across the redshift range 0.5 < z < 3. We find that the overabundance of low-mass, passive galaxies at high redshifts in the model can be attributed solely to the properties of ‘orphan’ galaxies, i.e. satellite galaxies where the simulation has lost track of the host dark matter sub-halo. We implement a simple model that boosts the star formation rates in orphan galaxies by matching them to non-orphaned satellite galaxies at a similar evolutionary stage. This straightforward change largely addresses the discrepancy in the low-mass passive fraction across all redshifts. We find that the orphan problem is somewhat alleviated by higher resolution simulations, but the preservation of a larger gas reservoir in orphans is still required to produce a better fit to the observed space density of low-mass passive galaxies. Our findings are also robust to the precise definition of the passive galaxy population. In general, considering the vastly different prescriptions used for orphans in semi-analytic models, we recommend that they are analysed separately from the resolved satellite galaxy population, particularly with JWST observations reigniting interest in the low-mass regime in which they dominate.

Հայ որբերի հիմնախնդիրներին անդրադարձը «Վերջին լուր»,«Ճակատամարտ» եւ «Ժողովուրդի ձայնը. Ժամանակ» օրաթերթերի էջերում

"Chakatamart", "Verjin Lur" and "Zhoghovurdi dzayny: Zhamanak" dailies addressed the problems of Armenian orphans. Those periodicals were published in Constantinople in the first half of the 20th century. The needs of migrants and orphaned children were in the center of attention of journalists. Among them were the lack of shelter and household items, clothing and food, health problems. Methods and materials: Historical and comparative method was implemented. Analysis: The analysis covered the available scientific literature, memoirs of contemporaries and press materials.

Impact of the Mediational Intervention for Sensitizing Caregivers on Mentalizing in Orphans and Vulnerable Children in South Africa

ABSTRACT Mediational Intervention for Sensitizing Caregivers (MISC) is a mentalization-based intervention which aims to enhance caregiver sensitivity and responsiveness. MISC has demonstrated treatment effects on mental health problems of Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in South Africa by working with Community-Based Organization (CBO) care workers as the point of intervention. Recent elaboration of mentalization-based theory points to alternate figures in a child’s early environment as critical resources for enhancing children’s mentalizing capacity. In this study, we evaluated the treatment effect of MISC on children’s mentalizing capacity at baseline and following 12-months of the intervention, controlling for the effects of age, gender, orphan status, socioeconomic status, quality of the home environment, and mental health difficulties at baseline. MISC and Treatment as Usual (TAU) groups were compared using a mixed model linear regression. Results demonstrated significant effects of MISC, time, and mental health difficulties on mentalizing capacity. To our knowledge, this study is the first mentalization-based caregiver intervention to demonstrate treatment effects on child mentalizing capacity, and MISC is the first mentalization-based caregiver intervention to focus on paraprofessionals as the point of intervention.

The problem of unaccompanied children in the earthquake; insufficient enrollment.

Türkiye experienced two of the most catastrophic earthquakes of the last century on February 6, 2023. The first earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 occurred at 4.17 a.m. in Kahramanmaraş City. Nine hours later, the second earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 hit a region, which has 10 cities and over 16 million people. After the earthquakes, the Director-General of the World Health Organization, Hans Kluge, announced that a level 3 emergency was declared.One of the problems that should be solved at the earliest period in earthquakes is the problem of orphans or unaccompanied children. These children, referred to as 'earthquake orphans', can be potential victims of violence, organized crime, organ trafficking, drug addiction, sexual exploitation, or human trafficking. The already low socioeconomic level of the region, the magnitude of the earthquake, and the turmoil in the emergency rescue organization cause concern about the fact that the number of fragile children's population that will be affected will be higher than expected. The problem of orphaned children experienced in previous major destructive earthquakes provides important experiences for earthquake preparation.

Проблемы обеспечения жильем детей-сирот в Оренбургской области: основные аспекты

Introduction. The article discusses the main aspects of the problem of providing housing for orphans in a particular region – the Orenburg region. This study is devoted to the study of social, legal and psychological aspects related to the provision of vital support measures for orphans and children left without parental care. Methods. The study was conducted by a written survey (questionnaire), the respondents were persons who currently have or previously had the status of orphans (N=56), living permanently in the Orenburg region. Results. Based on the data obtained, the authors point out that the main problems preventing housing in the region are the lack of public investment in the construction of affordable and comfortable housing, complex bureaucratic barriers. The solution of the housing problems of orphans in the Orenburg region depends to the greatest extent on representatives of state authorities and to a lesser extent on themselves. Getting your own home is the meaning of life, a dream and the main goal.

Comparative study to assess the Behavioral and Emotional Problems among School Going Orphans and Non-Orphans of Nadiad

Introduction:Children in a Orphanage have many problems which are normally not faced by Non-Orphan Children. Orphans living in the Orphanages are more prone to Behavioral and Emotionl Problems than other children living with their parents as they are deprived of family`s love and care. There is a dearth studies focusing on the Differences Psychological Health of the Orphans and Non-Orphans in India. Therefore we have conducted a non-experimental comparative study to assess the emotional and behavioral problems of orphans and non-orphans.OBJECTIVES: 1.To assess the behavioral and emotional problems of school going orphans.2.To assess the behavioral and emotional problems of school going children living with their parents. 3.To study the Association between sociodemographic parameters and emotional and behavioral problems in orphans and non-orphans. 4.To compare the emotional and behavioral problems of school going orphans and non orphans AIM: The main aim of this study was to assess the Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Orphans and Non-orphans.Materials And Methods:The sample consisted of 30 Orphans and 30 Non-Orphans in the Orphanage and selected Schools in Nadiad City. The Sociodemographic data were collected using a Self Structured Questionnaire. The Self Structured Questionnaire was used to assess the Emotional And Behavioral Problems in them.Results:In our study, 12(40%) out of 30 Orphans were found to having Severe Emotional and Behavioral Problems and 18(60%) out of 30 Orphans were found to having Moderate Emotional and Behavioral Problems while 3(10%)out of 30 Non- Orphans were found to having severe Emotional and Behavioral and 20(66.66%) out of 30 Non-Orphans were found to having Moderate Emotional and Behavioral Problems and 07(23.33%) out of 30 Non -Orphans were found to having Mild Emotional and Behavioral Problems.Conclusion:This Study reports the Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Orphans and Non-Orphans. Majority of the Orphans compared to Non-Orphans exhibited the Emotional and Behavioral Problems. The study found that Orphans were more likely to be emotionally needy, sad and feel lonely.

Status of orphan children in Ukraine in war

Purpose. The aim of our study is to study the historical experience of preventing homelessness and neglect of orphans, as well as the characteristics of legal norms that guarantee the protection of orphans in wartime. Method. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of theoretical and source material and further formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The study used the principles of objectivity and systematicity, as well as general scientific, special legal and special historical methods of scientific knowledge: analysis, synthesis, comparative, functional-legal, system-historical. Results. The problem of orphans should be considered through the prism of the analysis of the historical experience of the emergence of such a phenomenon and the fight against it; causes of homelessness and neglect of orphans; the procedure for taking into care, adoption and upbringing of orphans; information policy of the state in the field of protection of orphans. Respect for the rights of the child is a fundamental task of the state and civil society. This problem is especially relevant in times of war, when the child is always the least protected. Statistics on the number of children orphaned by the war (since 2014), the number of children forcibly deported to Russia, the internal movement of orphans from areas where hostilities are taking place, indicate the urgency of the problem and the need to consolidate society to address this problems. Scientific novelty. The historical aspects of preventing child homelessness are analyzed, the causes of this phenomenon are determined; the changes that have taken place in the national legislation regarding the procedure of taking into care, adoption and upbringing of orphans are pointed out. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal research, preparation of special courses.

Орфанні захворювання: синдром Сотоса з розладом аутистичного спектра

Стаття присвячена проблемі орфанних (рідкісних) захворювань у нейропедіатричній практиці, а саме синдрому Сотоса. На підставі аналізу сучасної літератури подано детальний опис клінічної картини, підходів до діагностики і лікування цього захворювання. Особливу увагу в статті приділено питанню поєднання синдрому Сотоса із розладами аутистичного спектра в дітей. У наш час ця проблема мало представлена как у зарубіжній, так і у вітчизняній літературі. При обстеженні пацієнтів із розладами аутистичного спектра або затримкою психомовленнєвого розвитку у спеціалістів повинна бути настороженість щодо генетичних синдромів, які можуть лежати в основі захворювання.

FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF MOTIVATIONAL AND RESOURCE COMPONENT OF SUBSTITUTE FORMS OF PARENTHOOD IN SWITZERLAND

The problem of creating substitute forms of parenthood has not historically lost its relevance, but in times of war it is especially important, as the number of children deprived of parental care has significantly increased. The following questions are relevant: what factors contribute to the effectiveness of the reception? How to create the most favorable conditions for the development of children of different ages? What forms of substitute parenting are the most effective? How to determine the readiness of surrogate parents to create a family? The search for answers to these and many other questions was carried out by such scientists as: O. Bezpalko, S. Arkhipova, A. Kapska, O. Karpenko, I. Zvereva, N. Zaveriko; the problems of orphans were studied by V. Oslon, N. Tolstykh, A. Prikhozhan, V. Mukhina, J. Rajkus, R. Hughes, L. Volynets, the problems of foster families – G. Bevz, N. Maksimova, I. Pesha, J. Petrochko. But despite the thorough development of these issues, today there are extremely frequent cases of return of adolescent children from foster families and there is a problem of reluctance to create substitute forms of parenthood with adolescent children. Analyzing the functioning of the forms of substitute parenthood in the Swiss Confederation, it can be noted that there are almost no cases of return of children from substitute forms of parenthood and there is experience of successful creation of substitute forms of parenthood with adolescent children, and there are certain differences in the training of foster parents. Therefore, we consider it expedient to study the process of formation of the motivational and resource component of substitute parenthood in order to determine the positive experience of their functioning and its possible implementation in the native state. This article examines the peculiarities of studying the motivational and resource component of substitute forms of parenthood in the Swiss Confederation. It is noted that the issue of adoption of children by Swiss citizens in Switzerland is dealt with by special agencies approved by the federal government. Their list includes: Bureau genevois d’adoption (Geneva), Chaba Adozioni (Locarno), Chaba Adozioni, Fondation Enfants-Espoir, Mani per l’infanzia, PACH, Stiftung Ouvre tes mains / SOS Adoption. The article describes in detail the procedure for obtaining a certificate of conformity, which is an important step for creating a substitute form of parenthood. The study of the motivational and resource component of substitute parenthood in Switzerland involves a thorough check of the applicants’ suitability, including their health status (the Hague Adoption Convention (HAÜ), the Swiss Civil Code (ZGB) and the Federal Code). It is concluded that the thoroughness of each step on the way to creating a substitute form of parenthood is a prerequisite for its successful functioning.

Социальные установки выпускников детских (интернатных) учреждений в отношении будущего

Despite the efforts of the state and non-profit organizations (hereinafter — NPOs), the problems of orphans’ adaptation and integration into the society persist. Studies of speech behavioral models in graduates of child care institutions of some non-profit organizations reveal the antinomic nature of their programs and goals. These contradictions revolve around the process of formation of dependent social attitudes in orphaned children. The task of our research is to assess the role that NPOs play in the formation of certain social attitudes of graduates of child care (boarding) institutions (ex-orphanages).Using the verbal and communicative method of interviewing and through the analysis of the outreach programs provided by NPOs we show that the existing programs of post-orphanage adaptation, regardless of their universal yet relevant character and the diversity of the employed tools, cannot address the whole variety of emerging problems and challenges.

Legal problems of the use of orphan works in digital age

The aim of this paper is to consider the mechanisms of legalization of use orphan works, based on a comparative analysis of the legal regulation in the United States, the EU and European countries; identify priority ways to reform and to develop proposals for improving copyright law in Ukraine. In the first section the concept of the orphan works and the circumstances which caused emergence of the orphan works are revealed. It has been established that the problem of orphan works mostly concerns works whose authors died and heirs cannot be found. In the second section the models of legalization of orphan works in the United States, Canada, the EU and European countries are analyzed and these interferences formed a proposal for Ukrainian legislation. In the third section the background of development of legislation of orphan works in Ukraine are studied. The neсessity to study the legal regulation of the United States, the EU and European countries in light of the recodification of the Civil law of Ukraine and seeking way of its renovation is substantiated. Developing effective mechanisms of using orphan works are stated to become relevant in the process of digitization of libraries’ collections and to have gained a new momentum in recent years. Its result has been provided open access to the works on the Internet.

Before Babylift: Female Photojournalists and Vietnamese-American ‘Orphans’ in American Print-media, 1971–1973

President Ford’s announcement of ‘Operation Babylift’, a plan to airlift over 2,000 Vietnamese ‘orphans’ from South Vietnam to the United States in March 1975, prompted a wave of interest in adoption of Vietnamese children by American families. This was the culmination of years of growing interest in adopting Vietnamese ‘orphans’. Contemporary newspaper reports credited television and photographs with motivating potential adopters. Adding to scholarship which explores how photographs create discourses of ‘rescue’ and ‘responsibility’ in humanitarian contexts, this article examines how arguments for transnational adoption as a solution to Vietnam’s ‘orphan problem’ developed in the years leading up to Babylift. It notes stark differences in depictions of white-Amerasian and black-Amerasian children in keeping with racial discourses of early 1970s America. The work of female journalists in Vietnam has historically been marginalized; this article redresses this, arguing that American women photographers offered a specific perspective on the ‘orphan problem’.

To Give or Not to Give? How Do Other Donors React to European Food Aid Allocation?

Using a change in EU food aid policy in 1996 as an instrument for EU food aid allocation, I investigate how other donors react to the EU’s food aid allocation. At that time, the EU suddenly divided by two the number of its food aid recipients. On average, other donors imitate the EU at both extensive and intensive margins. Donors’ reactions are heterogeneous: European countries and Canada herd the EU, while the World Food Programme substitutes. The USA do not react. Those results can be explained by competition for relative impact and information effects. For a recipient country who constantly received food aid from the EU before 1996, the number of donors decreases by almost 0.5. This behavior reinforces the problem of orphan and darling recipients.

Русская и дунганская литература о войне: сравнительный аспект

The article presents a comparative characteristic of Russian and Dungan literature about the Second World War. The author has used a large amount of text material, historical sources and facts. The article analyzes the problematic and thematic analogies of Dungan and Russian authors, the impact of Russian writers on Dungan authors is proved. Russian and Dungan literature of the twentieth century about the war demonstrated the actualization of heroism and patriotism. The author of the article determined that the reason why heroism became a common theme of Dungan and Russian military literature is that, in addition to describing the military situation, they demonstrate popular patriotism. The article emphasizes that over time, Russian military literature has changed its focus of attention, shifting it from describing military scenes to depicting the inner world of characters. This made it possible to understand the value of human life in the context of war. The theme of war is combined in the works with the thought of humanism. Moral research has become the main narrative strategy of Russian and Dungan military literature. Dungan military literature is consistent with Russian literature and expresses compassion for man, depicts the life of people in war conditions. The author of the article believes that the central idea of the military works of Dungan and Russian authors is to depict human compassion. The author of the article emphasized that the problem of war orphans typologically unites Russian and Dungan writers, and the influence of Russian writers on Dungan writers is also obvious. The article emphasizes that many works of Russian and Dungan literature recreate the war through the eyes of women and children who were innocent victims, their images reveal the terrible nature of the era, its inhumanity. The writers combined the description of heroism with the description of the tragedy of war, revealed the enormous mental trauma inflicted by the war, and investigated the fate of ordinary people in the war. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the common features of Dungan literature about war and the works of Russian writers of the twentieth century on this topic are that they do not directly describe military actions, but focus their attention on the tragic impact of war on human destiny. Dungan writers, following Russian authors, discovered the value of life and rejection of war.

Проблемы социального сопровождения выпускников детских домов в условиях пандемии (региональный аспект)

The article is devoted to the issues related to the study of problems of orphans and children left without parental care in the context of a pandemic (COVID-19). Analysis of the existing situation in this problem field testifies to the exacerbation of traditional contradictions, on the one hand, and the emergence of completely new ones, complicating the difficult situation with this category of the population, on the other. The article analyzes the problems faced by graduates of orphanages, generated by the conditions of the pandemic and aspects of social policy in this direction (problems of social adaptation in society, violation of the basic rights of graduates, problems of legal nihilism, the lack of a fundamental federal and regional legal framework on this issue, the lack of technical capabilities of graduates in receiving remote social support). The article highlights the need to develop mechanisms for interdepartmental interaction for post-boarding support on the territory of the Khabarovsk territory. The empirical data obtained as a result of the conducted expert survey actualizes the need for a radical change in the vector of solving problems in relation to graduates of orphanages and social support for this category of persons in the short term. The revealed contradictions in legal regulation indicate the absence of unified approach to the concept of post-boarding support as a type of social support. It was found that the organization of post-boarding support belongs to the powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which, in turn, differently carry out the legal regulation of social relations in the field of post-boarding support of orphans. The article draws the main conclusions and proposals for improving the activities of subjects on post-boarding support for orphans and children left without parental care.

Problems of Orphan Children in State-Sponsored Orphanages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The present study is conducted in two sweet homes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan i.e. Sweet Home of Peshawar and Sweet Home of Abbottabad. The nature of the study was quantitative and a close-ended questionnaire was used as a tool of data collection for collecting information from the sample size of 134 respondents selected through the proportional allocation method. The association was tabulated through the application of Chi-Square test statistics to ascertain the association between the dependent and independent variables. Study findings revealed a significant association (P?0.05) of an index of various socio-economic problems of orphans with the statements such as children at sweet home is routinely harassed; adult children physically abuse younger children in the sweet home, etc. with the dependent variable i.e. protection aspects of orphanages. The government and staff should provide an environment free of harassment, abuse, stress, and anxiety, foster mother at sweet home should be advised to treat children like her biological one, the staff should understand children’s method of learning, organize exercises were some of the recommendations forwarded in the light of study findings.

Orphanage Helping System

An orphanage is a residential institution devoted to the care of orphan-children whose parents are unwilling or unable to take care of them. The problem of orphan is acute due to urbanization and industrialization. Need for each of the orphanages varies in different categories such as food, money, clothes, medicine. Most of the people would like to help the orphanages but the major problem is that they have any idea on how to approach these orphanages. The main objective of this application is to develop a centralized site for orphanages. In our proposed system we try to create an interface between Orphanages\Old age Homes which are in need of charity and people/Volunteers who are willing to help these people. Volunteers can also approach the Orphanage managers regarding the help that they can afford. People can donate through Internet Banking or Online Money Payment applications.

Analysis of the proposed solutions for the use of orphan works across the world

AbstractThis article analyses solutions proposed to the problem of orphan works. Orphan works are copyrighted works whose owners are difficult or impossible to identify and/or locate after carrying out a diligent search. The first and foremost aim of providing a solution for the problem of orphan works is to regain the goal of copyright protection, which is to enable the public to access and benefit from protected works. This article examines various solutions that have been adopted by different countries. It also analyses solutions that are under examination for introduction into law, such as limited liability in the United States. The authors reveal that the adoption of a solution by any country requires careful study to introduce the most appropriate approach. It was also found that solving the problem of orphan works would benefit both users and copyright holders.

Situation of Leningrad Children Evacuated from the Besieged City in Yaroslavl Region (1941–1945)

Introduction. The siege of Leningrad is one of the most tragic pages in the history of the Great Patriotic War. The whole country took part in helping residents of the besieged city. Yaroslavl Region was one of the leading places where tens of thousands of children were evacuated. Methods and materials. The author seeks to implement the principles of scientific objectivity and reliability. The article is based on the memories of eyewitnesses of those years and archival materials. The author had an invaluable help in understanding the atmosphere in which children lived through confidential conversations with survivors of the blockade. Their stories are shocking in their naked truth. The author uses the comparative historical method in disclosing new, qualitative aspects of the problem under study. The hermeneutic method is used in the analysis of various sources: archival materials, memories, letters, first of all, based on time and reasons for the appearance of a particular source. The anthropological approach to the problem makes it possible to create a socio-psychological portrait of children, who by fate turned out to be far from their home, to recreate a picture of their life and everyday life. Analysis. It includes the problems associated with the children evacuation in July–August 1941 and especially in winter–spring 1942, raises the issue of child mortality and the perpetuation of their memory. Results. A major role in the organization of children’s life was played by the party and the Soviet leadership. The article notes that ordinary workers and collective farms took the successful solution of domestic problems of orphans. They provided children with everything they needed: home, food, clothes, shoes, dishes, etc. In addition, citizens took children on patronage and adoption. The methods of educational work with them had changed, where one of the main directions was the inculcation of labour skills: children worked in their farms, helped collective farms, cleaned their homes, were engaged in needlework, worked in workshops, etc. The desire to live and create was instilled in Leningrad by attracting citizens to participate in art performances. Big problems are connected with statistical data, in particular, different sources give different numbers of children living on the territory of Yaroslavl region: from 90 to 150 thousand. It is almost impossible to count the number of dead children, so the established monuments to small Leningraders, as a rule, are nameless. After the lifting of the blockade some children returned to Leningrad, and some linked their destinies with Yaroslavl land.