Original Pair Research Articles

Smoothing destination-specific migration flows

Accurately estimating age profiles for destination-specific migration is requisite to understanding the determinants of population growth and projecting future change as migration is the primary growth determinant for most regions. In Australia, place-to-place flows based on the age profile of migration derived from census data are commonly used to empirically estimate destination-specific internal migration. However, such flows are heterogeneous and census data is imperfect for accurately generating migration-age profiles. Demographers have addressed this by developing a range of methods for smoothing migration probabilities. These address smoothing on a bi-regional basis, primarily with one destination–origin pairing. We propose a non-parametric method for smoothing destination-specific migration probabilities which can be applied to multi-regional smoothing and is within the generation–distribution framework of Rogers et al. (Environ Plan A 34:341–359, 2002). We demonstrate that, if total age-specific out-migration has already been estimated, smoothing destination-specific migration ratios provides a solution to imperfect input data. Using the example of Australian interstate migration, we show how the method can give an accurate fit to the migration ratio profile across high-curvature ages and a good treatment of sample noise both when the population at risk is low, such as at advanced ages, and when the destination has a low conditional probability of migration. An implementation of the method is available as an Excel add-in.

Predominance of eyes and surface information for face race categorization

Faces can be categorized in various ways, for example as male or female or as belonging to a specific biogeographic ancestry (race). Here we tested the importance of the main facial features for race perception. We exchanged inner facial features (eyes, mouth or nose), face contour (everything but those) or texture (surface information) between Asian and Caucasian faces. Features were exchanged one at a time, creating for each Asian/Caucasian face pair ten facial variations of the original face pair. German and Korean participants performed a race classification task on all faces presented in random order. The results show that eyes and texture are major determinants of perceived biogeographic ancestry for both groups of participants and for both face types. Inserting these features in a face of another race changed its perceived biogeographic ancestry. Contour, nose and mouth, in that order, had decreasing and much weaker influence on race perception for both participant groups. Exchanging those features did not induce a change of perceived biogeographic ancestry. In our study, all manipulated features were imbedded in natural looking faces, which were shown in an off-frontal view. Our findings confirm and extend previous studies investigating the importance of various facial features for race perception.

A credibility-based fuzzy programming model for the hierarchical multimodal hub location problem with time uncertainty in cargo delivery systems

This paper studies the fuzzy hierarchical multimodal hub location problem for cargo delivery systems. It differs from traditional hub location problem in two ways. First, this paper constructs a hierarchical multimodal hub-and-spoke distribution network for the cargo delivery systems, which involves two transportation modes (road and air), two types of hubs (ground and airport) and three corresponding layers. Second, this paper develops a credibility-based fuzzy programming model capturing the uncertainty in travel time and handling time of the cargo delivery systems. This new model aims to minimize the latest arrival time (travel time plus handling time) for delivering cargoes from each pair of origin and destination nodes under diverse credibility of chance constraints. Under mild assumptions, the original model can be turned into an equivalent deterministic integer linear programming model. However, even for small instances of the problem, the equivalent model becomes too hard to be tackled by a general solver, e.g., CPLEX. This fact motivates the development of a two-stage heuristic procedure, wherein the first stage for the hub location subproblem is solved by a variable neighborhood search algorithm. These location solutions are then embedded into the second-stage process for the link assignment subproblem based on a shortest path method. To verify the proposed model and method, extensive numerical experiments are conducted on the well-known Turkish network data set.

Vocal-Accompaniment Compatibility Estimation Using Self-Supervised and Joint-Embedding Techniques

We propose a learning-based method of estimating the compatibility between vocal and accompaniment audio tracks, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i.e.</i> , how well they go with each other when played simultaneously. This task is challenging because it is difficult to formulate hand-crafted rules or construct a large labeled dataset to perform supervised learning. Our method uses self-supervised and joint-embedding techniques for estimating vocal-accompaniment compatibility. We train vocal and accompaniment encoders to learn a joint-embedding space of vocal and accompaniment tracks, where the embedded feature vectors of a compatible pair of vocal and accompaniment tracks lie close to each other and those of an incompatible pair lie far from each other. To address the lack of large labeled datasets consisting of compatible and incompatible pairs of vocal and accompaniment tracks, we propose generating such a dataset from songs using singing voice separation techniques, with which songs are separated into pairs of vocal and accompaniment tracks, and then original pairs are assumed to be compatible, and other random pairs are not. We achieved this training by constructing a large dataset containing 910,803 songs and evaluated the effectiveness of our method using ranking-based evaluation methods.

The Integration of Planetary Science Simulation and Virtual Reality Geographic Information System

A method for constructing a measurable virtual reality environment based on the ground image of the planetary exploration patrol device and the high-resolution satellite image is proposed. According to the three-dimensional images acquired by the patrol at different azimuth angles and height angles, a 360° panoramic image is generated through cylindrical projection, automatic matching and seamless stitching. At the same time, the inverse calculation function from the panoramic image to the original image has been developed, allowing users to directly measure on the panoramic image, and obtain 3D terrain information from the original stereo pair. The three-dimensional measurable panoramic image is seamlessly integrated with the planet browser based on NASA's World Wind, which provides a measurable virtual reality environment for planetary exploration applications, and realizes the integration from the vertical view satellite image to the ground horizontal view patroller imagemeasurement. At the same time, combined with the current popular computer research fields of virtual reality and three-dimensional technology, it focuses on the application of virtual reality and three-dimensional visualization simulation technology in geographic information systems, and analyzes virtual dynamic simulation, three-dimensional space analysis, virtual geographic environment, and three-dimensional data acquisition. Basic issues such as processing, three-dimensional data structure and models, and discuss the development trend of VR-GIS and 3D-GIS.

Multiple Chromosomal Polymorphism of “Evoron” Chromosomal Race of the Evoron Vole (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)

On the basis of a study of our own and published data on voles from the shores of Lake Evoron (n = 8) and the Amgun River (n = 8) in the Evoron-Chukchagir lowland, as well as individuals from laboratory breeding, new data on karyotypic variation (2n = 38–41, NF = 54–59), chromosomal transformations, and their combinations in the karyotype are presented. The numbering of chromosomes in the Evoron vole karyotype using differential (GTG) staining methods made it possible to identify pairs of chromosomes involved in various chromosomal rearrangements and to number the original pairs for the pairs formed from them by chromosome fusion. The tandem telomere-telomere (TTel) fusions of biarmed chromosomes form a large submetacentric element Mev1/4M; telomere-centromere fusion (TCen) as a result of inactivation of the centromere in one of the acrocentric pairs forms either an acrocentric (Mev17/18A) or metacentric element (Mev17/18M), and the Robertsonian translocation of the same pairs forms a metacentric element (Mev17/18M). The variability of the centromere position in two pairs of autosomes (Mev8 and Mev14) is also shown. The revealed rearrangements made it possible to describe twelve variants of the karyotype: two with 2n = 41, six with 2n = 40, three with 2n = 39, and one with 2n = 38. It is proposed that the voles of the Evoron-Chukchagir lowland be assigned to the “еvoron” chromosome race, and the other voles be assigned to the “argi” race. Prolific offspring from the individuals with TTel fusion in the karyotype and a high percentage of this rearrangement in individuals from natural sample sets indicates the absence of a harmful effect on the viability of voles.

The provenance of diagnostic specimens of the ‘New Guinea Singing Dog’

The New Guinea Singing Dog (NGSD) has been diagnosed as a distinct taxon on the basis of (1) two live animals, thought to be wild dogs, either free-living or captive, at the times when they were obtained by Europeans, (2) cranial material from 26 dogs, captive-bred descendants of the original pair, and (3) a single skull reportedly from a free-living wild dog. The NGSD is currently regarded as a behaviourally, morphologically and genetically distinct wild dog found at scattered high-altitude locations on mainland New Guinea, isolated from places where people live and, hence, largely isolated from village dogs associated with those people. We examined historical records to show that few, if any, of the founding members from the captive population of NGSDs, or dogs that served to diagnose Canis hallstromi Troughton, 1957, were, in fact, wild dogs or recent descendants of wild dogs. The continuing insistence that high altitude, wild-living NGSDs are a discrete population of dogs is incorrect. Rather, we recommend additional studies of village-living dogs across the span of altitudes and contend that these would yield much information about what was once a pan-New Guinean population of an unusual, and archaic, form of domestic dog.

Encoding Diagnostic Codes for Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage

IntroductionDiagnostic codes, such as the ICD-10, may be considered as sensitive information. If such codes have to be encoded using current methods for data linkage, all hierarchical information given by the code positions will be lost. We present a technique (HPBFs) for preserving the hierarchical information of the codes while protecting privacy. The new method modifies a widely used Privacy-preserving Record Linkage (PPRL) technique based on Bloom filters for the use with hierarchical codes.&#x0D; Objectives and ApproachAssessing the similarities of hierarchical codes requires considering the code positions of two codes in a given diagnostic hierarchy. The hierarchical similarities of the original diagnostic code pairs should correspond closely to the similarity of the encoded pairs of the same code.&#x0D; Furthermore, to assess the hierarchy-preserving properties of an encoding, the impact on similarity measures from differing code positions at all levels of the code hierarchy can be evaluated. A full match of codes should yield a higher similarity than partial matches.&#x0D; Finally, the new method is tested against ad-hoc solutions as an addition to a standard PPRL setup. This is done using real-world mortality data with a known link status of two databases.&#x0D; ResultsIn all applications for encoded ICD codes where either categorical discrimination, relational similarity or linkage quality in a PPRL setting is required, HPBFs outperform other known methods. Lower mean differences and smaller confidence intervals between clear-text codes and encrypted code pairs were observed, indicating better preservation of hierarchical similarities. Finally, using these techniques allows for much better hierarchical discrimination for partial matches.&#x0D; ConclusionThe new technique yields better linkage results than all other known methods to encrypt hierarchical codes. In all tests, comparing categorical discrimination, relational similarity and PPRL linkage quality, HPBFs outperformed methods currently used.

Route choice of bike share users: Leveraging GPS data to derive choice sets

To identify the determinants of bike share users' route choices, this research collects 132,397 hub-to-hub global positioning system (GPS) trajectories over a 12-month period between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2016 from 750 bicycles provided by Hamilton Bike Share (HBS). A GIS-based map-matching algorithm is used to derive users' routes along the cycling network within Hamilton, Ontario and generate multiple attributes for each route, such as route distance, route directness, average distance between intersections, and the number of turns, intersections, and unique road segments. Concerning route choice analysis, the origin and destination pair should be the same for all routes within a choice set, thus HBS users' trips are grouped by origin-destination hub pairs. Since trips taken by different users between a hub pair can follow the same route, unique routes are extracted using a link signature extraction tool. Following this, a normalized Gini (Gn) coefficient is calculated for each hub pair to evaluate users' preferences among all the unique hub-to-hub route choices. A Gn closer to 0 indicates that routes between a hub pair are more evenly used, while a value closer to 1 implies a higher preference toward one dominant route. Three route choice models, a global model, a medium Gn model, and a high Gn model, are estimated using Path-Size Logit to determine how route choice is affected by the presence of dominant routes. These models suggest that HBS users are willing to detour for some attributes, such as bicycle facilities, but tend to avoid circuitous routes, turns, steep slopes, and roads with high traffic volume.

An Exploration of ABCG2 and SLC2A9 Gene Interactions with Gout

Background: Currently, there is no systematic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the urate transporter genes (ABCG2 and SLC2A9), and the influence of their combination and gene-gene (G×G) interactions on gout is still unknown in the Thai population. Objective: To investigate the interaction between ABCG2 and SLC2A9 with gout. Materials and Methods: A matched case-control study with 116 Thai adults (58 gout patients and 58 control subjects) was done. Genotyping using a TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays was performed. G×G interactions for gout risk were analyzed using an interaction analysis in multiple conditional logistic regression. Results: The results show that the rs2231142 (G/T+T/T) variants in ABCG2 was associated with gout. On the contrary, the rs2280205 (G/A+A/A) and rs6820230 (C/T–T/T) variant in SLC2A9 were not associated with gout. The result indicated that the participants carrying ABCG2 variant with SLC2A9 wild-type (i.e., original base pairs) had a significant association with gout. The present study results also revealed that epistatic interaction pairs (rs2231142:rs6820230 and rs2231142:rs2280205) were strongly associated with gout. Conclusion: The authors concluded that the ABCG2 and SLC2A9 interactions were a significant association with gout. The stronger combined effect of SNPs in the ABCG2 and SLC2A9 genes via G×G interaction may help to predict gout risk and its prognosis. However, further studies with larger sample sizes should be performed to confirm these results. Keywords: Gene-gene interactions, Gout, ABCG2 gene, SLC2A9 gene

The Speed Test For Agility Reactive Sprint Mirror Drill Training

This study to analyze the impact of the reactive agility sprint mirror drill exercise in the increasing the speed.. This research was done at UNIPA Surabaya by using a sample of soccer athletes in Unipa Surabaya by using the original pairing technique in determining the sample group. This type of quantitative research is the type of research that is suitable for testing the speed of reactive agility sprint mirror drill training by applying the quasi experimental design method. To measure the speed was taken by using the 30 m sprint test. The results of this study indicate that the Reactive Agility Sprint Mirror Drill training has a significant effect on speed, as indicated by the results of the normality test using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test pre and post velocity p = 0.723 (p&gt; 0.05) and p = 0.166 (p&gt; 0.05). ) and the homogeneity test used the Leavenes Test with the results of pre p = 0.131 (p&gt; 0.05) and post p 0.146 (p&gt; 0.05), while to determine the results of the T-test used paired sample test with dependent variables in the experimental group with numbers significance p = 0.003 (p &lt;0.05), in other words it has an increase in effect, meaning that there is a significant effect, while the T-test results of the dependent variable in the control group obtained a significance number of p = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05), the conclusion is increase effect.&#x0D; &#x0D; Kata Kunci: sepak bola, kecepatan, Reactive Agility Sprint Mirror Drill

Social Trajectory Planning for Urban Autonomous Surface Vessels

In this article, we propose a trajectory planning algorithm that enables autonomous surface vessels to perform socially compliant navigation in a city's canal. The key idea behind the proposed algorithm is to adopt an optimal control formulation in which the deviation of movements of the autonomous vessel from nominal movements of human-operated vessels is penalized. Consequently, given a pair of origin and destination points, it finds vessel trajectories that resemble those of human-operated vessels. To formulate this, we adopt kernel density estimation (KDE) to build a nominal movement model of human-operated vessels from a prerecorded trajectory dataset, and use a Kullback-Leibler control cost to measure the deviation of the autonomous vessel's movements from the model. We establish an analogy between our trajectory planning approach and the maximum entropy inverse reinforcement learning (MaxEntIRL) approach to explain how our approach can learn the navigation behavior of human-operated vessels. On the other hand, we distinguish our approach from the MaxEntIRL approach in that it does not require well-defined bases, often referred to as features, to construct its cost function as required in many of inverse reinforcement learning approaches in the trajectory planning context. Through experiments using a dataset of vessel trajectories collected from the automatic identification system, we demonstrate that the trajectories generated by our approach resemble those of human-operated vessels and that using them for canal navigation is beneficial in reducing head-on encounters between vessels and improving navigation safety.

Regge OPE blocks and light-ray operators

We consider the structure of the operator product expansion (OPE) in conformal field theory by employing the OPE block formalism. The OPE block acted on the vacuum is promoted to an operator and its implications are examined on a non-vacuum state. We demonstrate that the OPE block is dominated by a light-ray operator in the Regge limit, which reproduces precisely the Regge behavior of conformal blocks when used inside scalar four-point functions. Motivated by this observation, we propose a new form of the OPE block, called the light-ray channel OPE block that has a well-behaved expansion dominated by a light-ray operator in the Regge limit. We also show that the two OPE blocks have the same asymptotic form in the Regge limit and confirm the assertion that the Regge limit of a pair of spacelike-separated operators in a Minkowski patch is equivalent to the OPE limit of a pair of timelike-separated operators associated with the original pair in a different Minkowski patch.

Air Transportation Direct Share Time Series Forecasting: A Hybrid Model

In modern air transportation, the direct share is the ratio of direct passengers to total passengers on a directional origin and destination (O&D) pair. The forecasting of direct share time series on the O&D level, as part of the detailed demand forecasting, plays a fundamental role in air transportation planning and development. An accurate forecasting of the O&D direct share time series can benefit the air transportation planners, airlines, and airports in multiple ways. Based on the previous analysis, the direct share time series is O&D specific. This research focuses on developing accurate direct share time series forecasting models on O&D markets with different characteristics. Both classical time series models and supervised learning regression models are investigated carefully. A novel hybrid model that combines time series concept and machine learning modeling techniques is proposed, which can provide more accurate forecasting performance and valuable insights into the O&D markets. To automatically select the forecasting model for each O&D pair, a general modeling framework is proposed for direct share time series forecasting. Based on the forecasting performance comparison, the modeling framework can provide promising direct share time series forecasting, which is a reliable replacement for the model used in the Federal Aviation Administration Terminal Area Forecast.

Smoking Causes Fatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

One of the largest twin studies to date suggested that subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is mainly of nongenetic origin, but the causal effect of environmental factors on SAH is yet unknown. We hypothesized that if only one of the twins experience fatal SAH, they do not share the most important environmental risk factor for SAH, namely smoking. If true, such finding would suggest that smoking causes SAH. Through the nationwide cause-of-death register, we followed 16 282 same-sex twin pairs of Finnish origin from the older Finnish Twin Cohort between 1976 and 2018 and identified all participants who died from SAH. For the baseline, we collected risk factor information about smoking, hypertension, physical activity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and education. We classified the pairs as monozygotic, dizygotic, or of unknown zygosity. We examined the within-pair risk factor differences in the pairs discordant for SAH, that is, where one twin died from SAH and the other did not. We computed both individual (whole cohort) and pairwise (discordant pair) hazard ratios and 95% CIs. During the 869 469 person-years of follow-up, we identified 116 discordant and 2 concordant (both died from SAH) twin pairs for fatal SAH. Overall, 25 of the discordant twin pairs were monozygotic. For the whole cohort, smoking (occasional/current) was associated with increased risk of SAH death (hazard ratio, 3.33 [CI, 2.24-4.95]) as compared with nonsmokers (never/former). In the pairwise analyses for discordant twin pairs, we found that the twin who smoked had an increased risk of fatal SAH (hazard ratio, 6.33 [CI, 1.87-21.4]) as compared with the nonsmoking twin. The association remained consistent regardless of the twin pairs' zygosity or sex. Our results provide strong evidence for a causal, rather than associative, role of smoking in SAH.

The Target Recovery Strategy for Preventing Avalanche Breakdown on Interdependent Community Networks

Many real infrastructure systems such as power grids and communication networks across cities not only depend on each other but also have community structures. This observation derives a new research subject of the interdependent community networks (ICNs). Recent works showed that the ICNs are extremely vulnerable to the failure of interconnected nodes between communities. Such vulnerability is prone to cause avalanche breakdown of the ICNs. How to improve the robustness of ICNs remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a new target recovery strategy in the self-awareness recovery model, called recovery strategy based on community structures (RCS). The self-awareness recovery model repairs and reactivates the original pair of failed nodes that belong to mutual boundary of networks during cascading failures. The key insight is that the RCS explicitly considers both intercommunity links and intracommunity links. In this paper, we compare RCS with the state-of-the-art approaches based on randomness, degree centrality, and local centrality. We find that the RCS outperforms the other three strategies on the size of giant component, the existence probability of giant component, the number of iterative cascade steps, and the average degree of the remaining network. Moreover, RCS is robust against a given noise, and the optimal parameter of RCS remains stable even if the recovery ratio varies.

Emptied places: A case study of three churches in Wrocław (of St. James, of the Blessed Virgin Mary, of St. Elizabeth)

Research on medieval art confronts generally with a low percentage of works preserved. A specific aspect of this problem are places that became empty, being a clear trace of the sculptural works created by individual foundations and/or having special functions in the liturgical space of churches. The article is aimed at analysing a few selected examples of such unintentional emptinesses in Wroclaw, i.e. those that occurred after the Middle Ages, between the 16th and 20th centuries. In this case, these are micro-architectural forms – corbels and niches – in three churches. The first example is the preserved one of the original pair of elaborately designed, large scale niches on the sides of the chancel arch in the former Franciscan Church of St. James. Thanks to the reconstructed architectural context that was provided by a rood screen and to the analysis of the iconographic source from the mid-19th century, a hypothesis was put forward about the purpose of these niches for monumental figures of an Annunciation group. The second example from the Church of St. Mary on the Sand is a Late Gothic corbel mounted into an older pier and integrated with the partially preserved wall-painting decoration from 1477. A new interpretation of the iconography of the painting was proposed, as well as identification of a figure that could stand on the corbel according to its meaning. The painterly and sculptural whole with the representations of St. Fabian, St. Sebastian and a statue of St. John the Almsgiver (?) also poses a question about the original way of its functioning. A series of three different problems is posed by the corbels empty today, varied and preserved in and around the southern aisle of St. Elizabeth’s Church. The most important issue here is the corbel marked with a mysterious coat of arms, placed on the wall on the side of the Gothic altar mensa in the apse closing the aisle. First the identification of the coat of arms, which might have belonged to one of the most important Wroclaw families of the second half of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century, von Awras, was conducted. The social position, contacts in the power structure and family connections of the Awras, as well as the rank of the place chosen for the corbel (foundation) convince us that this place had to be dedicated to an extraordinary elite work of art being also a cult figure. The measurements made and a Late Gothic painterly plant decoration preserved in the background of the corbel made it possible to put a hypothesis that the sculpture was the Beautiful Madonna from Wroclaw, now in the National Museum in Warsaw

Observer-based control for uncertain T–S fuzzy systems with process disturbances and time-delays

ABSTRACT This paper concerns the observer-based robust control for uncertain Takagi–Sugeno(T–S) fuzzy systems with disturbances and time delays. An observer is firstly employed to estimate the system state, afterwards, a memorise feedback control law is furthermore proposed. Since the observer state can not be directly influenced by the system uncertainties and disturbances, the proposed control law brings merit on improving system robustness. A mode-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is designed. By aid of a linear decoupling method, the original nonlinear pair of the observer and the controller gains can be feasibly decoupled. By this method, the co-design method of the observer and controller is conveniently presented. In presence of the time-varying delays, process disturbances and the system uncertainties, the asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed. Numerical example is given the validate effectiveness of the proposed method.

A fast 3D object recognition algorithm using plane-constrained point pair features

The point pair feature (PPF) algorithm is one of the best-performing 3D object recognition algorithms. However, the high dimensionality of its search space is a disadvantage of this algorithm. This high dimensionality means the feature matching process contains a large number of uninformative features, which reduces recognition speed. To solve this problem and improve the object recognition speed, this paper proposes a fast 3D object recognition algorithm based on the plane-constrained point pair features. By utilizing the property of the coplanar point pair features and the characteristics of the object placement plane, the proposed algorithm extracts the object placement plane through convex hull area calculation, eliminates irrelevant point pair features, and then performs object recognition with the reduced point pair feature descriptors for the feature matching. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the number of feature descriptors and accelerates the recognition speed of 3D objects in a complex background. Compared to the original point pair feature algorithm, the proposed method can achieve better performance and efficiency for 3D object recognition.

Iron Supplementation Eliminates Antagonistic Interactions Between Root-Associated Bacteria.

The rhizosphere microbiome (rhizobiome) plays a critical role in plant health and development. However, the processes by which the constituent microbes interact to form and maintain a community are not well understood. To investigate these molecular processes, we examined pairwise interactions between 11 different microbial isolates under select nutrient-rich and nutrient-limited conditions. We observed that when grown with media supplemented with 56 mM glucose, two microbial isolates were able to inhibit the growth of six other microbes. The interaction between microbes persisted even after the antagonistic microbe was removed, upon exposure to spent media. To probe the genetic basis for these antagonistic interactions, we used a barcoded transposon library in a proxy bacterium, Pseudomonas putida, to identify genes which showed enhanced sensitivity to the antagonistic factor(s) secreted by Acinetobacter sp. 02. Iron metabolism-related gene clusters in P. putida were implicated by this systems-level analysis. The supplementation of iron prevented the antagonistic interaction in the original microbial pair, supporting the hypothesis that iron limitation drives antagonistic microbial interactions between rhizobionts. We conclude that rhizobiome community composition is influenced by competition for limiting nutrients, with implications for growth and development of the plant.