Original Genus Research Articles

On some species of Chone Krøyer, 1856 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from world-wide localities

The present study deals with the revision of type and non-type material from species of Chone Krøyer, 1856 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) that have been described from world-wide isolated localities. Chone australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979, C. fauveli McIntosh, 1916, C. kroyerii Sars, 1862, C. letterstedti (Kinberg, 1867), C. murmanica Lukasch, 1910, C. normani McIntosh, 1916, C. paracincta Hartmann-Schröder, 1962, and C. rosea Hartmann-Schröder, 1965, are redescribed. Two additional forms are recognized as independent taxa, referred to as Chone sp. “Aleutian Islands” and Chone sp. “British Virgin Islands”. These species are informally described since few specimens are available; however, they are included here in order to facilitate and encourage further research. Sabella costulata Grube, 1877, is transferred to Chone. Chone suspecta Krøyer, 1856, is synonymized with Chone infundibuliformis Krøyer, 1856; the name infundibuliformis has priority over suspecta. Chone murmanica oculata Annenkova, 1952, deserves specific status. Chone eniwetokensis (Reish, 1968) is returned to the original genus (Euchone). Chone perseyi Zenkewitsch, 1925, and Chone rubrocincta Sars, 1862, are transferred to Euchone. Chone reayi McIntosh, 1916, is transferred to Jasmineira Langerhans, 1880. Differences and similarities with members of Euchone Malmgren, 1866, and close genera are discussed.

Systematics of two deep-water species from the Indo-West Pacific: Struvea gardineri A.Gepp & E.Gepp and Phyllodictyon orientale (A.Gepp & E.Gepp) Kraft & M.J.Wynne (Siphonocladales, Chlorophyta)

Two rare and ill-known subtidal species of stalked, net-forming green algae, Struvea gardineri A.Gepp & E.Gepp and Phyllodictyon orientale (A.Gepp & E.Gepp) Kraft & M.J.Wynne, are re-described on the basis of the examination of type material and recent collections from the Maldives, Seychelles, and Socotra Island in the tropical Indian Ocean. The taxonomic position of both species is re-appraised on the basis of morphological data (cell division, branching pattern, tenacular cells, crystalline cell inclusions, cell shape, and cell dimensions) and molecular phylogenetic evidence (partial large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences). On the basis of the occurrence of segregative cell division in young plants of S. gardineri, this species is returned to its original genus, Struvea. Cell division in P. orientale takes place exclusively by centripetal wall ingrowths, confirming its placement in the genus Phyllodictyon as currently defined. However, morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that the delineation of genera on the basis of modes of cell division is problematic, and that the genera Struvea and Phyllodictyon, as presently conceived, almost certainly do not represent natural groups. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 153, 115–132.

Catalogue of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil: I. Acanthocephala, Nematoda, and Rotifera

The catalogue of type specimens of the phyla Acanthocephala, Nematoda and Rotifera deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, is presented and updated to July, 2005. A total of three holotypes and six lots of paratypes of three species of Acanthocephala; nine holotypes and 16 lots of paratypes of nine species of Nematoda; and 12 holotypes, six lectotypes, nine lots of paratypes and five lots of paralectotypes of 23 species and subspecies of Rotifera are listed. Specific and subspecific names are listed alphabetically within family, followed by bibliographic citation, original genus name, status of type, collection number, locality data (host and site of infection for parasitic species), and remarks where appropriate. A list of references containing the papers in which the taxa were first described is furnished.

Revision of the Australian wolf spider genus Anomalosa Roewer, 1960 (Araneae: Lycosidae)

The wolf spider genus Anomalosa Roewer, 1960 is revised with Anomalosa kochi (Simon, 1898) as type species. Anomalosa includes a further Australian species, A. oz sp. nov. Representatives of Anomalosa are small, elongated lycosids with a longitudinal light median band on the dorsal shield of the prosoma and on the opisthosoma, the latter being particularly distinct in males. They are closely related to Venonia Thorell, 1894. Similar to Venonia, males have a bipartite prolateral tegular lobe on the pedipalp, but it is much larger than in Venonia and, in contrast to Venonia, larger than the membranous tegular apophysis. Anomalosa kochi has only been found in Queensland, whereas the distribution of A. oz sp. nov. includes New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. This allopatric distribution coincides with the McPherson Range as a biogeographical border. Although most males and females of Anomalosa have been caught in pitfall traps or running freely in moderately moist habitats, such as near creeks and dams, there is evidence that representatives of this genus build sheet-webs similar to Venonia. This behaviour is supported by morphological evidence as species of Anomalosa have elongated posterior spinnerets. The original description of A. harishi (Dyal, 1935) from Panjab, India, does not match the diagnosis of Anomalosa. Consequently, I reject the inclusion of A. harishi in Anomalosa and re-transfer it to its original genus Anomalomma Simon, 1890, Anomalomma harishi Dyal, 1935, pending a systematic revision of this genus.

The taxonomy of rhizobia: an overview

The taxonomy of rhizobia, bacteria capable of nodulating leguminous plants, has changed considerably over the last 20 years, with the original genus Rhizobium, a member of the alpha-Proteobacteria, now divided into several genera. The study of new geographically dispersed host plants, has been a source of many new species and is expected to yield many more. Here we provide an overview of the history of the rhizobia, but focus on the Rhizobium-Allorhizobium-Agrobacterium relationship. Finally, we review recent reports of nodulation and nitrogen fixation with legume hosts by bacteria that are outside the traditional rhizobial phylogenetic lineages. They include species of Methylobacterium and Devosia in the alpha-Proteobacteria and of Burkholderia and Ralstonia in the beta-Proteobacteria.

Studies on the Australian stick insect genus Ctenomorpha Gray (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae), with the description of a new large species

The little-known Australian genus Ctenomorpha Gray, 1833 is reviewed and an extraordinarily large species from north Queensland Ctenomorpha gargantua spec. nov. described. Variability of the type species, Phasma (Ctenomorpha) marginipennis Gray, 1833 is discussed and a lectotype designated. Lectotypes are also designated for Acrophylla aliena Redtenbacher, 1908, Acrophylla oxyacantha Redtenbacher, 1908 and Acrophylla phyllocerca Redtenbacher, 1908. Several insects previously listed as Ctenomorpha species are treated as follows: Ctenomorpha acheron Gray, 1834 is synonymised with Eurycnema goliath Gray, 1834, Ctenomorpha macleayi Gray, 1835 is synonymised with Ctenomorphodes briareus Gray, 1834, Acrophylla salmacis Westwood, 1859 is synonymised with Eurycnema osiris (Gray, 1834). Anchiale marmorata (Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. nov. is transferred from Ctenomorpha (originally described in Acrophylla Gray, 1835), Acrophylla aliena Redtenbacher, 1908 stat. rev. is returned to its original genus, from Ctenomorpha, whilst Phibalosoma caprella Westwood, 1859 is left as a doubtful Australian species, requiring transfer to another genus in due course. Keys to Ctenomorpha species are provided.

Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Biologia Centrali-Americana: Current status of the names

The Biologia Centrali-Americana (1879–1915), an obligate reference for the taxonomy of insects and other organisms from Mexico and Central America, is now available free on the web at http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/bca/. However, many included names are now out of date. We provide an updated list of all names of Staphylinidae (including Pselaphidae and Scaphidiidae) cited in the Biologia Centrali-Americana to use as a complement to that work. Of the 1610 staphylinid species-group names originally included, 929 remain as valid names without change, 581 have been previously transferred to other genera, 125 have been treated as junior synonyms, four treated as misidentifications of other names, and one (Cephaloplectus godmani Sharp, 1883) has been transferred to the family Ptiliidae. Our study also shows that 38 additional names should be transferred as new combinations to the genera Achenomorphus (from Aderocharis), Biocrypta and Homaeotarsus (from Ochthephilum), Neohypnus (from Xantholinus), and Platydracus (from Staphylinus and Amichorus), and seven species previously transferred to Medon should be returned to their original genus Scioporus as resurrected combinations.

Chromosome number and meiotic behaviour inBrachiaria jubata (Gramineae)

The production of new genetic variability through hybridization has been undertaken in Brachiaria, an important forage grass genus of African origin widely used in pastures in the Brazilian tropics. Although the genus comprises about 100 species, only a few of them present favourable agronomic attributes and are explored. In the genus Brachiaria, the majority of species and accessions are polyploid and apomictic, which makes breeding through hybridization more complex. Sexuality has been found in diploids and eventually among tetraploids with normal meiosis. Brachiaria jubata presents good forage value and adaptation to riverbanks and lake margins, and is therefore relevant to pasture systems i n the tropics. Furthermore, the most interesting form of resistance to spittlebugs—antibiosis—was identified in one a ccession of B. jubata. Thus its interest in the Brazilian breeding programme lies in the possibility of using hybridization to transfer high resistance to this insect to susceptible ac cessions. This paper reports chromosome numbers and meiotic behaviour in 21 accessions of this species as a tool in selecting promising ones for crossing. Only one accession was found to be diploid; the others were tetraploid. Microsporogenesis was normal in the diploid accession, while among the tetraploid ones, irregular chromosome segregation leading to unbalanced gamete formation was common but variable. Pollen fertility among tetraploid accessions was hig h. Cytogenetic studies were carried out on accessions of Brachiaria jubatafrom the Brachiaria germplasm collection at Embrapa Beef Cattle kept in the field in Campo Grande (state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), which comprises 475 accessions of 15 species collected in Africa in the mid-1980s by CIAT (Colombia). Inflorescences were collected and

Species Boundaries and Population Divergence in the Pyrenean Endemic Relict Genus Borderea (Dioscoreaceae) as Revealed by Microsatellite (SSR) and Other Hypervariable Markers

Microsatellite alleles were used to delimit the genetic boundaries and divergence of the two relictual endemic Pyrenean taxa Borderea chouardii and B. pyrenaica (Dioscoreaceae), and to infer the different life histories followed by each species. Our study was conducted on the same populations previously analyzed with allozymes and RAPD markers. The three studied data sets were congruent in the inference of a single evolutionary scenario for the split of the two Borderea taxa from a common Tertiary ancestor in the Prepyrenees, thus supporting their taxonomic treatment as separate species. However, the more variable SSR and RAPD data provided better resolution for a stepping-stone model of local colonization of B. pyrenaica populations from southern Prepyrenean refugia to the northern Pyrenees. SSR markers proved to be more robust than RAPD markers in assessing the genetic structure of recently diverged populations of B. pyrenaica and thus qualified as the best molecular markers for fine-scale evolutionary investigations of Dioscoreaceae. Furthermore, microsatellites rendered unique clues to decipher the mechanisms involved in the origin of these relictual species and their genetic background. Borderea was shown to be a tetraploid genus of hybrid origin with a chromosome base number of x = 6. Phylogenetic data, karyological evidence, and our present knowledge based on microsatellite analyses allowed us to speculate that the Pyrenean endemic genus Borderea and its sister taxon, the Mediterranean genus Tamus, represent some of the oldest paleopolyploid lineages of the mostly pantropical yam family.

Type studies of the polypores described by E.J.H. Corner from Asia and West Pacific Areas. VII. Species described in Trametes (1)

Identifications of 30 species of polypores described by Corner were made by type examinations. The following new combinations are proposed: Antrodiella depauperata, Daedalea dochmia, D. fulvirubida, D. lusor, D. pseudodochmia, Fomitella fumosipora, F. rhodophaea, Microporus internuntius, and Trichaptum brastagii. The following names are accepted in the original genus: Trametes arcana, T. barbulata, T. daedaleoides, and T. jejuna. The following species are taxonomic synonyms of alreadydescribed species: Trametes atriceps, a synonym of Trametes menziesii; T. badiuscula, a synonym of Abundisporus roseoalbus; T. biogilvoides, a synonym of Coriolopsis glabro-rigens; T. elevata, a synonym of Daedalea dochmia; T. flammula, a synonym of C. glabro-rigens; T. fulvidochmia, a synonym of D. dochmia; T. linguiformis, a synonym of Trichaptum suberosum; and T. luridochracea, a synonym of Lenzites acutus. Trametes benetosta is a synonym of Fomitella rhodophaea or its allied species. The following species are dubious because of the poor or sterile conditions of their type specimens: Trametes allantospora, T. cristobalensis, T. farinolens, T. febris, T. fuligineicana, and T. granulifera. No authentic specimens were traced for T. argenteiceps, T. benevestita, T. castaneifumosa, T. decorticans, and T. flavidinigra. Descriptions and line drawings are given for poorly known species.

The genus Neocicada Kato, 1932 (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae), with descriptions of three new species

Abstract. A revision of the genus Neocicada Kato, 1932 previously known only by two species and a subspecies (N. hieroglyphica (Say), N. hieroglyphica var. johannis (Walker), N. chisos (Davis)), is expanded to include three additional species described here: N. australamexicana, sp.n., N. centramericana, sp.n., and N. mediamexicana, sp.n. To facilitate comparison of the species and for consistency and completeness in descriptions, the original genus and species descriptions have been expanded and keys to the genus have been included. The biogeography and eco‐ethology of the genus are discussed, including habitat preference and song production activity. This genus appears unrelated to any other in North America, its closest relative being the genus Cicada L., 1758, from which it is separated geographically.

Emended description of the genus Glycomyces and description of Glycomyces algeriensis sp. nov., Glycomyces arizonensis sp. nov. and Glycomyces lechevalierae sp. nov.

A polyphasic taxonomic evaluation of presumptive strains representative of the genus Glycomyces held within the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection resulted in the discovery of three novel species. Analysis of the whole cell sugar content of these novel species, as well as of two species presently assigned to the genus, revealed that the whole cell sugar pattern was different from that reported in the formal description of the genus Glycomyces. The sugars present in all strains studied included ribose, xylose, mannose and galactose rather than xylose and arabinose as reported in the original description of the genus. Moreover, the menaquinone patterns observed for the novel species also deviated from the original genus description. The formal description of the genus Glycomyces is emended to reflect these new data. The novel species proposed and described are Glycomyces algeriensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL B-16327(T)=DSM 44727(T)), Glycomyces arizonensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL B-16153(T)=DSM 44726(T)) and Glycomyces lechevalierae sp. nov. (type strain NRRL B-16149(T)=DSM 44724(T)).

Type studies of Pleurotus reported from Japan

Eight type specimens of Pleurotus reported from Japan were examined. Four new combinations, Marasmius alopecius, Omphalotus guepiniformis, Marasmiellus leiophyllus, and Hohenbuehelia squamula, are proposed. Pleurotus cyatheae is accepted in the original genus. The following species are synonyms: Pleurotus harmandii, a synonym of Omphalotus guepiniformis; P. minutoniger, a synonym of Resupinatus striatulus; and P. pulchellus, a synonym of Hohenbuehelia tremula. Omphalotus japonicus (= Lampteromyces japonicus) is a synonum of O. guepiniformis.

Type studies of the polypores described by E.J.H. Corner from Asia and West Pacific Areas. VI. Species described in Tyromyces (3), Cristelloporia, Grifola, Hapalopilus, Heterobasidion, Ischnoderma, Loweporus, and Stecchericium

Identifications were made by type examinations for 27 species of polypores described by Corner. Roseofavolus gen. nov. is proposed, typified by Grifola eos. The following new combinations are proposed: Amylocystis unicolor, Antrodiella xanthochroa, Cristelloporia pahangensis, C. rutilantiformis, Roseofavolus eos, Tyromyces armeniacus, T. olivascens, and Wrightoporia solomonensis. Hapalopilus rubescens is accepted in the original genus. The following species were already combined with the proper genus: Stecchericium gyroporum and S. trametoides. The following species are synonyms: Tyromyces sublamellatus, a synonym of Abortiporus roseus; T. subradiatus, a synonym of Daedaleopsis conchiformis; T. subroseiporus, a synonym of Fomitopsis scorteus; T. subtrimiticus, a synonym of Fomitopsis spraguei; T. sulphureiceps, a synonym of Antrodiella flava; and Loweporus corticicola, a synonym of C. rutilantiformis. The following species are dubious because of their poor or sterile conditions: Cristelloporia trimitica, Loweporus castaneus, Tyromyces subrubescens, and T. tristaniae. No authentic specimens were traced for Ischnoderma brunneipurpureum, I. friabile, I. solomonense, Loweporus ochraceicinctus, L. pileoliferus, Stecchericium trimiticum, and Tyromyces xanthophaes. Descriptions and line drawings are given for little-known species.

Epsilonematidae (Nematoda) from a cold-water coral environment in the Porcupine Seabight, with a discussion on the status of the genus Metaglochinema Gourbault & Decraemer, 1986

Thirteen species of nematodes from the family Epsilonematidae Steiner, 1927 were found to be associated with a cold-water coral reef in the Porcupine Seabight. Among them, four species were already known from various locations such as Chile and Papua New Guinea. Three new species are described here: Glochinema trispinatumsp. n. is recognized by three dorsal thorns in the pharyngeal region. This species was also recovered from the Antarctic shelf. Epsilonema multispiralumsp. n. is characterised by a multispiral amphid consisting of 3.25 coils. Bathyepsilonema lopheliaesp. n. is characterised by its body length, the position and relative width of the amphids and the nature of the cuticular ornamentation. Within the subfamily Glochinematinae Lorenzen, 1974, the number and arrangement of ambulatory setae is considered not to be of diagnostic importance. The former species Metaglochinema strigosumGourbault & Decraemer, 1993 is therefore classified under the genus GlochinemaLorenzen, 1974. The original genus diagnosis of Metaglochinema, now a monotypic genus, is adjusted. The geographic distribution of epsilonematid nematodes is briefly discussed.

Type studies of the polypores described by E.J.H. Corner from Asia and West Pacific Areas. V. Species described in Tyromyces (2)

Identification of 33 species of polypores described by Corner in 1989 and 1992 were made by type examinations. The following new combinations are proposed: Antrodia multipapillata, Antrodiella negligenda, Elmerina substuppea, Fomitopsis ostreiformis, F. scorteus, F. singularis, Hyphodontia ovispora, Oligoporus subfragilis, Oxyporus rufipusillus, Perenniporia permacilenta, Polyporus oncospermatis, Rigidoporus malayanus, and Trichaptum perpusillum. The following names are accepted in the original genus: Tyromyces levis, T. mediocris, T. mollicaseus, T. nemorosus, and T. stenomitis. The following species are synonyms: Tyromyces miser, a synonym of Dichomitus eucalypti; T. montanus, a synonym of T. mollicaseus; T. perskeletalis, a synonym of Fomitopsis ostreiformis; T. polycystes, a synonym of Hyphodontia arguta; T. roseipileus, a synonym of T. incarnatus; and T. subfibrillosus, a synonym of T. mollicaseus. Final determination was not made for T. rubrifuscescens, which may be conspecific or allied with Elmerina substuppea. Tyromyces sinapicolor belongs to Corticiaceae sensu lato with a nonporoid hymenophore. Tyromyces ochraceicarneus may be also a member of Corticiaceae sensu lato, but final determination was not made. The following species are dubious because of the poor or sterile conditions of their type specimens: Tyromyces ochraceivinosus, T. pinguidus, T. pusillicaesius, T. rhodomelon, T. rubricarneus, and T. descendens. No authentic specimens were traced for T. pulviniformis and T. rufipileatus. Descriptions and line drawings are given for little-known species.

Arthroleptis troglodytes and the content of schoutedenella (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

Laurent (1954) transferred a large number of species then in Arthroleptis to the genus Schoutedenella, which up to that time was a monotypic genus distinguished by de Witte (1921) from Arthroleptis on the grounds of lacking maxillary teeth. Laurent's concept of Schoutedenella overrode de Witte's diagnostic character, and gave rise to a practice of placing all small‐sized species in Schoutedenella. Cases in point are Arthroleptis troglodytes and A. xenodactyloides, which have been included in Schoutedenella despite not conforming to de Witte's definition of his genus. Justification is given for reverting to de Witte's characterisation of Schoutedenella, and retaining his globosa within it (contra Poynton & Broadley 1985). Small‐sized species such as xenodactyloides are better assigned to Arthtroleptis or to another genus altogether. In the interests of stability of the nomenclature, there is a case for retaining xenodactyloides and similar species in their original genus, Arthroleptis.

Type studies of the polypores described by E.J.H. Corner from Asia and West Pacific Areas. IV. Species described in Tyromyces (1)

Identifications of 30 species of polypores described by Corner were made by type examinations. The following new combinations are proposed: Antrodiella brunneimontana, A. diffluens, A. flavitubus, Ceriporiopsis aurantitingens, C. cremeicarnea, Dichomitus affixus, Oligoporus bambusicola, O. cretaceitextus, and Skeletocutis falsipileata. The following names are accepted in the original genus: Tyromyces corniculatus, T. corticola, T. hispidulinanus, T. inodermatus, T. interponens, and T. languidus. Tyromyces aurantilaetus was already combined with the proper genus. The following species are treated as synonyms: Tyromyces amyloideus, a synonym of Oligoporus caesius; T. citrinicarneus, a synonym of Rigidoporus dextrinoideus; T. coeruleivirens, a synonym of O. caesius; T. fagraeae, a synonym of T. corticola; T. flavidicera, a synonym of R. dextrinoideus; and T. inconsideratus, a synonym of Tinctoporellus epimiltinus. Tyromyces dianthicolor and T. favulus belong to difficult complexes, and allied species are cited for each species. The following species are dubious because of their poor or sterile condition: Tyromyces albovinaceus, T. carbonicola, T. dacrydii, and T. descendens. No authentic specimens were traced for T. cinnamomeiporus and T. citriniporus. Descriptions and line drawings are given for the accepted species.

The Morphology and Histology of the Fruits of Pelagodoxa (Arecaceae): Taxonomic and Biogeographical Implications

Abstract Pelagodoxa (Arecaceae, Arecoideae, Areceae) is a Pacific genus of uncertain geographic origin. Two species have been described. The type species, Pelagodoxa henryana, from the Marquesas Islands, has large fruits, 8.5 cm in diameter, while a species with smaller fruits (6 cm in diameter) was described as P. mesocarpa and later considered as a synonym of P. henryana. The smaller-fruited entity is known from the Melanesian archipelagos of the southwest Pacific, but the type of P. mesocarpa is of doubtful origin. No truly wild population of any Pelagodoxa is known either in the Marquesas or in the southwest Pacific. The structure and histology of the pericarp and seed of the two fruit morphs were investigated and proved to be similar, except for a color change after ripening in the mesocarp of the smaller fruit morph. Distinctive anatomical features of the fruit of Pelagodoxa include an outer layer of cork tissue, an expanded soft parenchymatous mesocarp lacking raphides and sclereids, numerous vascu...

Type studies of the polypores described by E. J. H. Corner from Asia and West Pacific Areas III. Species described in Trichaptum, Albatrellus, Boletopsis, Diacanthodes, Elmerina, Fomitopsis and Gloeoporus

Twenty-seven species of polypores described by Corner were identified by type examinations. Corneroporus gen. nov. is proposed, typified by Boletopsis subcitrina. The following new combinations are proposed: Coriolopsis lacunosa, Corneroporus subcitrinus, Heterobasidion arbitrarium, Rigidoporus dimiticus, Skeletocutis basifusca, Tyromyces dolosus, T. friabilis, T. hispidus, T. subochraceus. The following names are accepted in the original genera: Trichaptum agglutinatum, T. suberosum, and Gloeoporus sulphureus. Gloeoporus carri was already combined with the proper genus. The following species are synonyms: Trichaptum ceraceicutis, T. favoloides, Diacanthodes griseus, Elmerina unguliformis, Gloeoporus nigrescens, G. papuanus, G. pendens, G. umbrinus, and G. vitellinus. Gloeoporus cremeoalbus belongs to a difficult complex and an allied species is cited. The following species are dubious because of their poor or sterile conditions: Trichaptum jackiae and Fomitopsis euosma. No authentic specimens were traced for Albatrellus borneensis and Gloeoporus similis. Descriptions and line drawings are given for the accepted species.