Participation In Organizations Research Articles

Engagement in student organizations and graduates’ readiness to enter the job market

Studies highlight particular concern about the work readiness of university graduates, which potentially leads to many undesirable outcomes, such as rising unemployment rates and low productivity levels in the workplace. This study aims to explore the differences between student organization and work experiences and further analyze student organization’s contribution to graduate’s work readiness. This research uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods, and the data is analyzed with thematic data analysis. Data were collected through interviews involving 15 recent graduates actively involved in student organizations and just starting their careers. The study also interviewed two more senior workers to serve as source triangulation, strengthening the validity of the collected data. The study found four key differences between student organizations and the world of work. These differences include primary orientation, feedback and reward system, hierarchical structure, and interaction experiences. The findings also indicate that student organization experiences enhance individual skill development, which later proves helpful in work life. In particular, student organizational experience significantly advances these skills: leadership, time management, self-confidence, problem-solving, integrity, critical thinking, communication, negotiation, teamwork, responsibility, and commitment. Additionally, the record of student organizational participation listed on curriculum vitae can be a valuable asset for recent graduates, enhancing their employment prospects.

Analysis of Change in Summer Extreme Precipitation in Southwest China and Human Adaptation

This study analyzed the change in and mechanisms of summer extreme precipitation in Southwest China (SWC) during 1979–2021. The trend in summer extreme precipitation showed an evident interdecadal mutation in the late 1990s; it decreased during 1979–1996 (P1) and increased during 1997–2021 (P2). It is observed that the moisture flux in SWC is more abundant in P2 than in P1. The South Asian high (SAH) and western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) contributed to the change in extreme precipitation in SWC. Both the SAH and WPSH weakened in 1979–1996 and enhanced in 1997–2021. The enhanced SAH and WPSH are conducive to forming updrafts in SWC and transporting moisture from the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and South China Sea (SCS) into SWC. Further research found that the causes for the interdecadal variation of the SAH and WPSH are the anomalies of sensible heat flux (SSH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical western Pacific–Indian Oceans. The SSH is the main energy source of troposphere air and an essential component of the surface heat balance because it can maintain the intensity and influence range of the SAH. The increasing SST stimulated strong upward motion and thus maintained the strength of the WPSH, which also made the WPSH extend westward into mainland China. This study also summarized local human adaptation to climate change. The use of advanced science and technology to improve monitoring and forecasting ability is an important measure for human society to adapt to climate change. At the same time, increasing the participation of individuals and social organizations is also an indispensable way to increase human resilience to climate change.

Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) Among Women Farmers in North-Eastern Nigeria

This research focused on evaluating the utilization of ICTs by women farmers in North-Eastern Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method, which included both purposive and simple random sampling techniques, was used to select 359 women farmers for the study. Primary data were gathered and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to meet the study's objectives. The majority of respondents (78.0%) were married, with a mean age of 41 years. Most of the respondents (52.5%) were involved in trading, and the average farm size was 3.4 hectares. Additionally, 88.3% had a high social participation score, and 51.7% and 58.9% were aware of old and new ICTs, respectively. Majority of the participants benefited from access to information on fertilizer sources and application (74.9%), credits, grants, and loans (70.8%), market rates and locations (63.1%), and crop pests, diseases, and control (62.1%) through the use of ICTs. Most of the respondents faced several constraints: high cost of gadgets (73.5%), insufficient time allotted to agricultural programmes (73.5%), lack of or inadequate ICT infrastructure (62.3%), expensive power/electricity prices (61.3%), defective equipment (57.8%), and multiple responsibilities of women farmers (54.3%). The regression analysis showed that age, marital status, religion, farm size, household size, and occupations did not significantly affect ICT utilization. However, educational attainment, participation in social organizations, and awareness were significant factors influencing the use of ICTs among women farmers. Based on these findings, it was recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria should prioritize the establishment of essential infrastructure aimed at promoting and facilitating the utilization of ICTs among women farmers.

Impact of Forced Relocation and Community Integration on Household Well-being of Urban Refugees in Kenya

Forced displacement is a global issue that affects millions of people all over the world. Refugees are forced to flee their homes due to conflict, persecution, or other forms of violence. The majority of refugees often end up in urban areas, where they face numerous challenges, including social exclusion, limited access to basic services, and economic marginalization. This study examines the relationship between forced displacement, social cohesion, and household welfare outcomes of urban refugees in Kenya. The study utilized household data on urban refugees in Kenya sourced from the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), 2020 [85], and, the Kenya Continuous Household Survey (KCHS), 2019 [41]. The study estimates were regressed using the Ordinary Least Squares method and diagnostic tests were done to determine the accuracy of the estimates. The study found that an additional member in an urban refugee household led to an asset increment of 6.7%. The study further found that an additional habitable dwelling in an urban refugee household increased family assets by 71.9%. Utilization of mobile banking services, having nuclear members abroad, and participation in community-based organizations also had a positive impact on family asset accumulation in a refugee household. The study also found that utilization of mobile money transfer (M-PESA), negatively influenced family assets. This study contributes to the literature on Urban refugees as it gives insights into factors that can improve welfare and enhance social cohesion between refugees and host communities in Kenya. Gaps have also been identified in the mandate of UNHCR beyond the camps and the role of the Kenyan Government in urban housing programs for refugees.

Frailty Assessment and Its Impact on Loneliness among Older Adults Receiving Home-Based Healthcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of frailty on loneliness among older adults receiving home care, in correlation to their socioeconomic and homebound statuses. This cross-sectional study recruited 218 individuals aged ≥65 years receiving home-based health services from the "Help at Home" program in the Region of Evrytania, Greece through an open invitation from the municipality authorities from March to June 2022. The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) was used for the evaluation of frailty, the UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3 was used for loneliness, and social isolation was accessed through five questions (living alone, frequency of interaction with children, relatives, friends, and participation in social organizations). The mean age of the participants was 81.48 ± 9.06, 61.9% were female, 54.1% experienced high levels of loneliness (UCLA-3 mean 45.76 ± 11.10 [range 20-68]), and 46.3% of the participants were found to be socially isolated. Also, 58.3% of the individuals were identified as frail (TFI mean 5.95 ± 3.07) [TFI range 0-13], with 57.3% experiencing physical frailty, 43.6% experiencing psychological frailty, and 27.1% experiencing social frailty. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using UCLA-3 as the dependent variable revealed that loneliness across all domains of TFI was significantly higher in participants with frailty (total frailty [Yes] 49.27 vs. [No] 40,87 p < 0.001) (physical frailty [Yes] = 48.99 vs. [No] = 41.42, p < 0.001, psychological: 48.60 vs. 43.57 p < 0.001, and social: 53.38 vs. 42.94 p < 0.001), particularly compared to non-frail individuals, even after adjusting for potential confounding effects (covariates: gender, age, marital status, family status, living status, educational level, annual income, chronic diseases, homebound status, and social isolation). Our findings indicate that frail older adults experienced higher levels of loneliness, suggesting that frailty and loneliness are independently associated among older adults who receive home-based healthcare.

Ideas for Civil Society and Association through the Prism of Public Law

The need for association and cooperation in its primary forms is existentially determined, embedded in the human psyche and morality before it becomes a rationally realized expediency and long before it becomes a right. The right of association is a fundamental right referred to in the group of political rights and freedoms, economic rights, and personal rights. This right combines the liberal idea of individual freedom with the collectivist idea of uniting the efforts of more people to achieve certain goals; exercising the right of association is an expression of free will. The principle of solidarity is exploited by hegemonic state doctrines and governments – communitarian, totalitarian, religious-fundamentalist, nationalist, modernizations, which call for the solidarity of tolerating restrictions, the renunciation of freedom in the name of certain collective goals, as well as in the doctrines and practices of revolutionary violence. The Code of Administrative Procedure provides wide participation of organizations in the various proceedings, both before the administration and in judicial administrative cases.

Asymmetric effects of GVC on poverty in ASEAN and OECD

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the relationship between global value chain (GVC) participation and poverty levels. Additionally, it investigates the impact of education levels, specifically analyzing literacy rates and tertiary education rates, on the correlation between GVC participation and poverty in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries.Design/methodology/approachFixed effect and random effect models will be employed to quantify the relationships between the dependent and independent variables. The Hausman test is applied to determine the appropriate estimator between fixed and random effects. Also, in the model, time-fixed effect or two-way fixed effect has been used to control for unobserved heterogeneity both across entities and over time in panel data analysis.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that engagement in GVCs presents a promising avenue for stimulating development, advancing income per capita growth and facilitating job creation. Notably, the results illuminate that the poverty-alleviating impacts of GVC participation are most conspicuous in nations boasting elevated levels of educational attainment among their populace.Originality/valueThis research aims to promote a better understanding of the connection between GVC participation and the level of poverty, with GVC participation decomposed into forward participation and backward participation.

Determinants of Peri-urban Land Use Management Practices in Case of Assosa City, Western Ethiopia

Peri-urban areas are today&amp;apos;s metaphors for several rapidly changing and competing socioeconomic aspects of urban and rural power. Suburban areas are facing the challenge of active, illegal, and unauthorized spatial transformations. The division between the institutional and legal frameworks also exacerbates the issue. Robust and holistic land management are prospects for today&amp;apos;s peri-urban areas to become tomorrow&amp;apos;s huge cities. This study aims to examine determining factors of peri-urban land management practice in Assosa city peri-urban areas to support the design of effective land management systems. A mixed method study was used to collect primary and secondary data sources. The sample of peri-urban households was selected using simple random sampling techniques. Both descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis methods were utilized. The findings demonstrated that the bifurcated and ineffective legal and institutional frameworks, limited public-private organizational support and participation influence awareness and motivations of peri-urban landholders land management practice in suburban settings. Following this, the majority of peri-urban landholders consequently lack access to the land management practice. The estimated results of the binary logit model show the following variables: awareness, motivation, participation, institutional setup and land disputes were found to be factors determining peri-urban land management practice. The study recommends an all-in-one robust institutional framework to promote sustainable land management.

Farmers Participation in Community-Based Extension Organizations

This study investigated the involvement of farmers in community-based extension organizations as a new approach to alleviating rural poverty in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The research included 437 respondents from 18 communities across 6 local government areas, randomly selected from two agricultural zones. Descriptive statistics were utilized to address the study's objectives, while inferential statistics, including multiple regression, t-tests, and binomial statistics, were employed for data analysis. Findings indicated that the respondents had an average residence duration of 14 years, an average age of 45 years, an average household size of 7 persons, average farm size of 3 hectares, and 11.7 average years of farming experience. A majority (81.5%) of the respondents exhibited a moderate level of participation in their community-based extension organizations, which led to a significant increase in farm income, averaging N92,907.18 after becoming members of CBEOs. Respondents showed a favourable attitude (82%) to participation in the groups they belong with particular interest in the areas of: participation in the group has enhanced my farm output and participation in the group has improved my income, amongst other issues of consideration. Socio-economic characteristics that significantly affect farmers income are; participation score (b = 0.029; t = 1.992), length of community residence (b = 0.078; t = 1.964), age (b = -0.029; t = -2.584), educational status (b = 0.125; t = 2.610), household size (b = 0.054; t = 1.979), farm size (b = 0.068; 3.184) and farming experience (b = 0.068; t = 1.999). It was recommended that respondents’ interest should be jacked up to reflect more interest in the groups they belong by improving on their level of participation.

Meeting the Needs: Description and Evaluation of an Alcohol Related Brain Damage (ARBD) Residential Rehabilitation Service

ABSTRACT To describe and evaluate a cost-effective, integrated model of service provision for people with Alcohol Related Brain Damage (ARBD). Participants identified by three large acute hospitals as having ARBD and suitable for recovery and rehabilitation were offered a 12-week recovery-focussed program at a residential unit. The unit is a collaboration between an NHS board, the local council, and a 3rd sector organization Participants’ pre-admission and post-admission medical data was gathered to analyze the effectiveness of the unit’s program on Emergency Department (ED) attendance and inpatient bed use. Improvement in cognition was measured by comparing the ACE-III results for all participants at admission and just prior to discharge from the program. Thirty-one participants met the inclusion criteria. Paired t-tests revealed the 12-week program overall significantly reduced attendance at ED, use of in-patient beds after discharge, and improved cognitive functioning. This integrated model of service provision provides clear benefits to residents’ cognitive functioning and to the NHS by freeing up inpatient beds and ED capacity. Therefore, it should be considered by commissioners when addressing the needs of people with ARBD.

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ УСЛУГ ПОЧТОВОЙ СВЯЗИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ ПОЧТОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

In this article, the authors consider the digitalization of postal services in the Russian Federation as an innovative process at the level of the state email system of Russian Post JSC. The authors analyze the history and legal basis for the creation of the federal postal organization JSC Russian Post - a state electronic mail system that provides legally significant communication for participants in city circulation, authorities and other organizations and citizens of the Russian Federation. The object of the study is the state electronic postal system, which has the status of an information system for the organization of federal postal services. The object of research is dozens of digitalization of the postal services sector as one of the phenomena of proactive state regulation of innovative development. The authors set themselves a scientific task - to analyze the creation and development of legally significant communications between participants in urban circulation, authorities and organizations and citizens of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the creation of a state electronic postal system and the development of digitalization of postal services in the Russian Federation, to study the innovativeness of this system for communication between the state, business and the population of the world. For the author’s purposes, digitalization of the postal sector is considered as an object of innovative development. Complexes of decisions of governing bodies at different levels, regulations, data on the implementation of individual decisions, as well as the principles of functioning of the state e-mail system were studied, their continuity was noted and further development was noted. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of the education system are presented, reflecting its relevance among participants in information interaction. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors proposed ways to ensure the correct fundamentals of the functioning of the state e-mail system. The article substantiates the introduction of the state e-mail system as an effective mechanism of communication between government authorities, commercial and government organizations and citizens. These recommendations of the authors can be applied when developing proposals for improving the state e-mail system of JSC Russian Post, used to assess the effectiveness of state regulation in the area under consideration.

Participation of Party Organizations in Corporate Governance and Targeted Poverty Alleviation

Participation of Party Organizations in Corporate Governance and Targeted Poverty Alleviation

The Dropout From Youth Sport Crisis: Not as Simple as It Appears

Given the documented benefits associated with organized sport and thus the assumption that youth who leave sport are losing out on developmental benefits, dropout has been predominantly framed as a crisis to be solved. Throughout this paper we aimed to challenge the overarching narrative of youth dropout from organized sport as a negative outcome only by highlighting the complexity of youth sport experiences and participation patterns. First, we highlight the lack of conceptual clarity regarding the term “dropout” and question its relevance for describing youth’s sport experiences. Next, we discuss how declines in organized sport participation may reflect developmentally appropriate transitions in sport and broader physical activity for youth and across the life span. Finally, we suggest that, at times, disengagement may be a positive and protective outcome for youth when the sport environment is harmful. Recommendations for future research and practice are provided to advance the understanding of youth sport experiences and participation patterns.

Legal forms, directions and tools of international cooperation in the field of prevention and counteraction of crime against the economic system

This scientific article examines the legal forms, directions and tools of international cooperation in the field of preventing and countering crime against the economic system. The conditions of globalization, internationalization and digital society have significantly increased the importance of international cooperation in the field of law enforcement activities for the formation and implementation of state policy on the prevention and counteraction of criminal offenses against the economic system. The rapid spread of globalization has led to the expansion of the scope of crime and corruption, which go beyond state control and violate the international legal order. The growing scale and threat of crime emphasizes the need to increase the importance of cooperation between states in the fight against this phenomenon, as well as conducting scientific research in this area. The results of the study confirm the need to determine the specifics of legal forms, tools and directions of international cooperation in the field of crime prevention and countermeasures. It has been established that national legislation provides for the use of various legal forms of international cooperation, including the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements, participation in international organizations and cooperation with international police organizations such as INTERPOL, EUROPOL, ASEANAPOL, AMERIPOL, AFRIPOL, GCCPOL, AIMC. It is also important to take into account the specifics of the activities of these international police organizations. In addition, national sources of law were identified that regulate international cooperation in the field of law enforcement. These results highlight the need to develop effective strategies and policies to counter crime that threatens the economic system at the international level.

Sport and Physical Activity Participation by Weight Groups in School-Aged Hungarian Children

The aim of this study was to compare physical activity and organized sport participation survey data between different weight classifications in children. In the cross-sectional online data collection, 677 parents (42.8 ± 6.4 years old) provided information about 677 children (10.9 ± 2.5 years old). On average, 77% of the children achieved 60 min of MVPA/day and 63% participated in a club or organized sport. Most of them (63%) were in the healthy weight category, 14% of the children were underweight, and 22% of the children were overweight or obese. The parental support for physical activity was 83%. Club or organized sport participation (OR = 0.56 CI: 0.34–0.91; p &lt; 0.02) and a parent with a higher educational level (OR = 0.25 CI:0.14–0.43; p &lt; 0.01) were found to be preventive for obesity. Football was the most popular and highly chosen sport activity. Regarding sport activities with parents, cycling, walking, and football were the most popular, independently of the weight classification of the child. The overweight and obese children had almost the same participation rate in sport activities than others. Increased physical activity might be explained by the daily physical education in schools and governmental support. Further studies and measures are needed to prevent overweight and obesity in children of parents with a lower educational level.

Identification of Dominant Factors Affecting Study Time and Waiting Time of Mathematics Undergraduate Using the Least Absolute Shrinkage And Selection Operator (LASSO)

Higher education is a level of education that is able to produce and prepare graduates so that college graduates are able to compete and are ready to face the world of work. The aim of this research is to determine the dominant factors that influence the study period and waiting time for undergraduates in Department of Mathmatics FST UIN Sumatera Utara Medan until they get their first job in less than 9 months. The Least Absolute Shrinkage And Selection Operator (LASSO) method was used in this research, where this method is expected to be able to provide high accuracy results in terms of determining the most dominant factors. From the results of calculations using the LASSO method, the three most dominant factors that greatly influence the study period and waiting time for undergraduates are working status (X3), organizational participation (X5), grade point average (X2), final assignment position (X2). By producing this most dominant factor, it is hoped that mathematics study programs will care more about their students by making major and minor improvements to future accreditation

The associations between organized sport participation and physical fitness and weight status development during adolescence

ObjectivesWe are yet to understand how continuous participation in organized sports, dropout from organized sports, or complete non-participation affect adolescents' trajectories of physical fitness and body mass index (BMI). Thus, the aim was to examine longitudinal changes in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and BMI between adolescents 1) who continued or started organized sport participation, 2) who dropped out, and 3) who never participated in organized sport or dropped out before adolescence. DesignLongitudinal observational study. MethodsOver four years (2017–2021), sport participation, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and BMI data were collected annually from 963 participants (Mage = 11.25 ± 0.31). Latent growth curve models were utilized to examine levels (baseline) and slopes (rate of change) of BMI, cardiorespiratory, and muscular fitness in each sport participation group. ResultsFitness levels significantly varied among groups. Continuing sport participants exhibited the highest levels, non-participants the lowest. Both groups showed significant improvements in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness over time. Dropouts had higher baseline fitness than non-participants but demonstrated no change in cardiorespiratory fitness over time and a significantly smaller increase in muscular fitness than the two other groups. BMI increased similarly in all groups, with non-participants starting at higher baseline levels. ConclusionsIndividuals who continually participated in sports maintained higher levels of fitness than individuals who did not participate in organized sports across adolescence. However, individuals who dropped out of organized sports, showed plateau in their fitness improvements, suggesting that the physical activity previously obtained through organized sports may not be replaced elsewhere.

Traditional knowledge, attitude and behaviour of indigenous people towards endangered wildlife conservation in Kon Plong District, Vietnam

Indigenous knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of local people are very important concepts for wildlife conservation. Endangered wildlife species that live in Kon Plong forests have been under pressure from the communities living around them, including wildlife hunting, trapping, capturing, illegal logging, and encroachment for residential and production land. This study aims to understand the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of indigenous people towards endangered wildlife in order to protect these species. Some participatory rural appraisal tools were used to discuss the situation and collect information in nine villages of four communes in Kon Plong District from December 2019 to March 2020. The results showed that the levels of knowledge about endangered wildlife among indigenous people in communes were statistically different. People’s knowledge of the law influenced their behaviour. Gender had the greatest influence on the level of knowledge. Most indigenous people had a positive attitude and wanted to protect endangered animals. “Commune” and “culture” were the two factors affecting people’s attitudes. “Commune”, “culture”, and the level of understanding affected the hunting behaviour of people. Negative human impacts have seriously influenced endangered wildlife species. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a long-term conservation strategy and plan, including the establishment of Kon Plong Special-Use Forests, supporting livelihoods for local people, communicating, and raising awareness among local people, and increasing the participation of community organisations.

Social relationships and their association with the functional capacity of older Chilean adults: longitudinal evidence

BackgroundFunctional capacity is recognized as a central factor for health in old age and not all studies that seek to clarify the role of social relationships in functional capacity are conclusive. The subject has only been studied in a limited way in Latin America, a region that is aging prematurely, with evidence primarily from developed countries, which have experienced a more gradual aging of their population. This longitudinal study aimed to determine how aspects of social relationships impact the functionality of older Chileans.MethodologyWe conducted a cohort study of 2,265 people aged 60 years or older who lived in the community and resided in Greater Santiago, Chile. Five aspects of social relationships were considered at baseline (participation in groups, clubs, or organizations; number of people in the household; participation in recreational activities; perception of material support, help or advice, and marital status), from which a cluster analysis by conglomerate was performed and used as the exposure of interest. Functional limitation (FL) was the dependent variable, classified as a limitation in at least 1 basic activity of daily living or 1 instrumental activity or 2 advanced activities. The control variables considered were: sex, age, educational level, multimorbidity, depression and years of follow-up. Survival analyses using a Cox proportional hazard regression and multilevel logistic regressions (person level and follow-up wave level) were performed.ResultsThe identified clusters were four: “without social participation and does not live alone”; “without a partner and without social participation”; “no perception of support and no social participation”; “with participation, partner and perception of support”. Social relationship clusters predicted FL incidence and FL reporting during follow-up. Being in the clusters "without social participation and does not live alone" and "without partner and without social participation" were risk factors for incident FL and report of FL during follow-up, compared to being in the reference cluster "with participation, partner and perception of support.ConclusionsIn summary, our study showed that participating in social organizations, not living alone and having a partner are protective factors for presenting and developing functional limitation in old age for community-living Chileans in an urban area.

Examining the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and COPD outpatient support in terms of patient health and public cost: SWOT analysis.

This research aimed to examine the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outpatient treatment support in terms of patient health and public costs. The data obtained in the research using semiotic analysis, content analysis and trend analysis methods were analyzed with strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis. In this context, 18 studies related to asthma, COPD and artificial intelligence were evaluated. The strengths of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and COPD outpatient treatment stand out as early diagnosis, access to more patients and reduced costs. The points that stand out among the weaknesses are the acceptance and use of technology and vulnerabilities related to artificial intelligence. Opportunities arise in developing differential diagnoses of asthma and COPD and in examining prognoses for the diseases more effectively. Malicious use, commercial data leaks and data security issues stand out among the threats. Although artificial intelligence applications provide great convenience in the outpatient treatment process for asthma and COPD diseases, precautions must be taken on a global scale and with the participation of international organizations against weaknesses and threats. In addition, there is an urgent need for accreditation for the practices to be carried out in this regard.