Levels Of Organization Research Articles

The Analysis Of Adaptive Performance Drivers At Workplace Among Employees: Case Study At Regional Secretariat Of West Java Provincial Government

Adaptive performance of employees is an important key in answering the challenges of an increasingly complex and dynamic bureaucracy. However, not all government organizations have been able to build employee adaptive performance optimally. This research was conducted to analyze what factors can influence adaptive performance at the organizational level. The goal is to find opportunities and provide strategic recommendations in improving the adaptive performance of the state civil apparatus at the Regional Secretariat of West Java Provincial Government. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. Respondents totaled 260 active employees using complex probability sampling with stratified random sampling. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression to see the influence of each variable, as well as Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) to map improvement priorities. The analysis was carried out with the help of the SPSS version 27.0 application. The results of this study show that four variables, namely perceived organizational support, workplace spirituality, job crafting, and learning organization, have a positive and significant effect on adaptive performance, while managerial empowerment does not show a significant effect. Among these variables, the learning organization exerts the greatest effect. The IPA analysis results also place the strategic leadership attribute of the learning organization variable as the top priority for improvement. For this reason, programs such as strategic learning leadership, integrating learning indicators into the performance appraisal system, and implementing structured coaching, mentoring, and counseling are needed.

Circular causality in volition

Conventional scientific paradigms predominantly emphasize upward causality, often overlooking or dismissing the role of downward causality. This approach is also prevalent in neuroscience, where cortical neurodynamics and higher cognitive functions are typically viewed as consequences of neuronal or even ion channel activity. Conversely, mental phenomena are generally assumed to lack causal efficacy over neural processes—an assumption that is increasingly being questioned. The causality associated with volition may be analyzed at three organizational levels: (1) neuronal interactions within cortical networks, (2) interregional dynamics between distinct brain areas, and (3) the reciprocal relationship between the nervous system and its environmental context. Across all these domains, circular rather than strictly linear causality appears to be at play. This paper examines the implications of such circular causality for volition and the longstanding problem of free will, with particular reference to insights derived from neurocomputational modeling.

Drought stress-induced leaf senescence in plants: how to detect it and why

Abstract Background Plant responses to drought stress include a complex variety of processes at the molecular, biochemical, and physiological levels that operate simultaneously in a specific spatiotemporal way at several organizational levels (including organelles, cells, tissue/organs, and the whole-plant level). Scope A roadmap is presented to determine whether drought stress leads to leaf senescence using an integrative approach that considers the process at the whole-plant level. This is essential not only for detecting and monitoring the impact of the drought, but also, more importantly, for identifying whether the plant response is leading to leaf senescence and it is therefore adaptive (protective, indicating stress tolerance) or maladaptive (damaging, indicating vulnerability) to the drought stress. This has important implications for optimizing crop yield and quality (thus requiring urgent attention in current agricultural practices), as well as for environmental management and effective conservation strategies. The detection and monitoring of drought-induced leaf senescence will be discussed, disentangling dubious cases. Furthermore, there will be a focus on drought-induced senescence as an integral plant stress response and whether it indicates damage or protection. Conclusions This integrative approach has the potential to help detect, monitor, and fully understand leaf senescence as a protective and adaptive process that plants have evolved to withstand drought stress in agricultural and ecological settings. Exploiting this knowledge and transferring it adequately will help improve crop yield as well as current environmental management programs.

Development of automated information control systems to improve ship management

BACKGROUND: Information control systems (ICS) play a key role in supporting effective management decision-making at all organizational levels. This is especially relevant for captains and managers who need to quickly receive, process, and distribute information during the planning and control. AIM: To analyze the operational features of the ship ICS and develop a mathematical model for in-depth system design at the design study phase. METHODS: The methods include analysis of international ICS design and operation practices and mathematical modeling with an option of computer experiments. RESULTS: The authors identified three management levels, i.e. strategic, tactical, and operational, and determined information requirements on each level. The paper describes the ICS architecture and specifications, the importance of user involvement in design, and the need for staff training and cost reduction. The authors developed a mathematical model allowing to conduct computer experiments to prove the efficiency of design solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Efficiency of ICS directly depends on the correct selection of information, user involvement in the design, and staff training. The presented model shows how theoretical approaches are used in real-life practice and may be used as a basis for further improvement of ICS for ships.

Beyond the Answers: The Role of Questions in Driving Regional School Development—But Whose Questions and with What Focus?

School development is important in society. This study investigates how questions work as an information carrier between different levels in a school organization. The questions are organized in a hierarchy, with the regional steering committee’s overarching question at the top and then distributed further on to the municipalities to interpret the questions that engage with their practice management. At the bottom of the hierarchy are the schools, and they create the final professional research questions that engage with day-to-day practice. Previous studies show that supporting and challenging each other can lead to the development of new knowledge in the organization. This is an empirical study based on documents with questions from the three levels (regional, municipal, and school). The questions were collected and the content in the questions was analyzed. The results show that it is possible to develop an organization by asking development-related questions, from top to bottom, in a hierarchical organization. However, problems arise when the developing questions require interpretation, and the interpretation leads to the shifting of the original goal. In this study, the aim at regional-level students and knowledge/learning was shifted to a focus on teachers and teaching especially at school level.

From Metrics to Meaning: Research Trends and AHP-Driven Insights into Financial Performance in Sustainability Transitions

Evaluating performance is a necessary and specific process across all sectors and organizational levels, shaped by context, indicators, and purpose. Considering global sustainability transitions, understanding financial performance entails a deeper perspective on technical accuracy, conceptual clarity, and systemic integration. This study investigates how financial performance is assessed and interpreted in sustainability-focused research, drawing on a bibliometric analysis of 490 articles indexed in the Web of Science from 2007 to 2023. Using SciMAT, we traced thematic evolutions and revealed a fragmented research landscape marked by competing theoretical, methodological, and practical orientations. To address this conceptual dispersion, we applied the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate five key alternatives to financial-performance assessment (quantitative measurement, definition-oriented reasoning, theoretical frameworks, experiential comparison, and integration with sustainability and ethics) against three conceptual criteria (philosophical depth, holistic scope, and multidisciplinary relevance). The results highlight a strong preference for holistic and integrative models of financial performance, with quantitative measurement ranking highest in practical terms, followed by experiential and sustainability-driven approaches. These results underscore the need to align financial evaluation more closely with sustainability values, bridging short-term metrics with long-term societal impact. By combining diachronic thematic mapping with structured decision analysis, this study advances a more reflective and forward-looking framework for performance research. It contributes to sustainability research by identifying underexplored epistemological pathways and supporting the development of financial evaluation models that are inclusive, ethically grounded, and aligned with sustainable development goals.

Compatibility of family and cardiac electrophysiology

Cardiac electrophysiology which includes device therapy and invasive cardiac electrophysiology is agrowing interventional field within cardiology that has mostly been occupied by men but is increasingly attracting women. As the percentage of female physicians increases and as men share more family responsibilities, many young physicians are facing the question of whether acareer in cardiac electrophysiology is compatible with family. Conditions allowing family-compatible working hours are met since electrophysiological procedures are usually elective. However, current structural conditions often require ahigh level of organization to realize well-scheduled working hours. The long training period also requires good organization, patience, and endurance. For asuccessful balance between career aspirations and family life in the field of cardiac electrophysiology, motivation and awillingness to compromise on the part of the employer and employee are often warranted. Employers and supervisors can further support employees with families by appreciating their efforts and by offering dedicated support programs and childcare on site. The ongoing scientific and social-political debate is crucial for the field of cardiac electrophysiology to become future-oriented and bring about long-term structural changes to promote young talent regardless of gender and family status.

PLOT: A Plant-Layout Organizational Tool Software Based on Fatigue Failure Theory for MSD Control and Mitigation

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) remain a leading source of workplace injuries and reduced productivity. While validated ergonomic tools like LiFFT, DUET, and the Shoulder Tool exist, there is currently no integrated system to assess and visualize cumulative MSD risk across multiple body regions, tasks, and workers. The Plant-Layout Organizational Tool (PLOT) addresses this gap by merging these fatigue failure-based assessment tools into an interactive platform that supports facility-wide ergonomic risk mapping. Users input task-specific data (e.g., load, repetitions, exertion), conduct risk assessments, and map results onto facility layouts to visualize exposure at the workstation, line, or section level. Developed in Python, PLOT supports cross-platform deployment and includes robust data filtering, reporting features, and visual summaries. Its capabilities empower users to identify high-risk jobs, evaluate job rotation strategies, and prioritize interventions based on cumulative exposure estimates. By contextualizing ergonomic risks within the physical layout of the workplace, PLOT enhances decision-making and supports more targeted, data-driven prevention strategies. Future development will focus on validation, user feedback integration, and expanded functionalities. PLOT represents a major step forward in applying fatigue failure theory and visual ergonomics to practical MSD control at the organizational level.

The VHA Interprofessional Collaboration Competency Framework for Home Healthcare: Development and Implementation Requirements in Ontario, Canada

There is a heightened focus on the need for interprofessional collaboration (IPC) to improve person-centered care. The unique challenges of the home healthcare context are not reflected in existing frameworks. The purpose of this work was to develop an interprofessional competency framework for home healthcare and to identify enablers and barriers to implementation. The framework was co-designed with home healthcare clients, providers and leaders through a 5-step process: a rapid literature review, “Design Day,” iterative co-design, shareback meetings, and refinement. Seven competencies were identified around the core value of patient-centered care, supported by 4 guiding principles. The framework was designed to promote individual-, team- and organization-level competency through identifying required elements at each level. Three months after clinical leaders were introduced to the IPCC Framework, 38 participated in workshops in which they provided insights on enablers and barriers to implementation. These were analyzed thematically with reference to the COM-B theory of change model. Major themes reflected capabilities to implement practice changes, opportunities enabling the integration of IPC, barriers to implementing IPC, and motivation to practice interprofessionally. Most identified barriers existed structurally at the team and organizational levels, limiting or disincentivizing interprofessional collaboration. This framework provides an approach that home healthcare organizations can use to guide the advancement of IPC, identifying how competencies may be enacted at the individual, team, and organizational levels within the relatively autonomous and geographically disparate context of home healthcare.

Foliar herbivory pushes plant individuals towards the periphery of a plant–floral visitor interaction network

Abstract Indirect interactions are major forces structuring communities. In terrestrial ecosystems, changes in plant traits caused by herbivory have the potential to mediate cascades of indirect interactions that can profoundly affect community structure. We have begun to understand the mechanisms behind indirect effects mediated by trait changes in plants, but we still know little about how these interaction‐level mechanisms affect higher levels of community organization, in particular network structure and how this is dependent on community context. In this study, we aimed to understand how herbivory affects floral traits, flower visitation and the position of plant individuals in a plant–flower visitor network. To do this, we assessed the natural incidence of leaf and flowerhead herbivory in a tropical shrub and tested whether it affects flowerhead density and the interactions between flowers and Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera at the pairwise and network levels. We also tested how the local density of conspecific plants adds context dependency to these interactions by affecting both herbivory and flowerhead visitation in focal plants. Increased leaf herbivory reduced flowerhead density per plant and indirectly reduced flowerhead visitation by Hymenoptera, while for Diptera direct effects of herbivory were important and Lepidoptera were not affected. At the network level, plants with more flowerheads were more connected and central. By reducing flowerhead density, leaf herbivory caused individual plants to lose centrality, becoming less connected and therefore peripheral in the plant–flower visitor network. This dynamic is context dependent as increased plant conspecific local density reduced leaf herbivory in the focal plant and indirectly benefited its flowerhead density, flowerhead visitation and network centrality. Synthesis. We demonstrate how the effects of herbivory on a key plant trait can cascade to shape the interactions between individual plants and their flower visitors and how the indirect effects between herbivores and pollinators can modulate the structure of interaction networks.

Optimal Well-Being Interventions for Surgeons: Beyond Physiologic Needs Evidence-Based Recommendations and Emerging Novel Solutions to Reduce Burnout.

Background: Surgeons experience high levels of burnout, impacting both their personal and professional lives in negative ways. Purpose: This review discusses individual and organizational level interventions affecting surgeons' relationships at home and work. The authors use Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to explore the importance of psychological needs that impact surgeons' well-being and performance. Research Design: A thorough search of the literature was conducted to assess interventions that are likely to affect surgeons' personal and professional relationships. Analysis: The literature review included papers focused on research on surgeons' burnout, stress, well-being, personal partner, workplace team dynamics, and workplace culture/environment. Results: The review underscores the importance of relationships at home and work, a sense of belonging, and self-esteem as they relate to surgeons' well-being. Highlighted are individual and organizational strategies to enhance well-being. Conclusions: Strong personal and professional relationships positively impact surgeons' flourishing and should be taken into consideration at the individual and organizational level.

Mobilizing individuals in crisis: The role of civil society organizations in volunteer engagement during COVID-19

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic created a dual crisis for civil society organizations (CSOs): heightened demand for social support alongside restrictions that limited their capacity to mobilize people. This study investigates how volunteer-based CSOs fostered civic engagement amid these constraints, providing new empirical insights into their capabilities and limitations during times of crisis. Bridging research on both the demand and supply sides of civic engagement, we draw on three original studies – a comprehensive survey of CSOs, a large-scale population survey, and a survey experiment – to map responses to the crisis at both the individual and organizational levels. Our findings reveal persistent social inequalities in volunteering and mutual support, with CSOs primarily engaging men, highly educated individuals, affluent citizens, and those already active in organizations. Despite these pre-existing inequalities, CSO outreach significantly boosted engagement, particularly in more formal settings. This study contributes to ongoing debates about the role and transformation of civil society during periods of crisis, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that CSOs encountered as they navigated the pandemic.

Developing and studying an outcome-focused measure of mental healthcare quality based on patient-reported symptoms in the USA: a study protocol.

Various psychological, cognitive, behavioural, medication and neurostimulation treatments can improve the outcomes of people with depressive and anxiety disorders. However, in usual practice, there is large variability in treatment delivery and treatments are poorly characterised. The effectiveness and quality of mental health services in the community are not accurately monitored and are poorly understood. At present, healthcare organisations, payers and policy makers know little about the quality of care they support. Similarly, patients and families have limited information on quality to guide choice of provider or organisation. It will be necessary to implement monitoring of treatment quality so that treatment and outcomes can be improved. This study develops, tests and validates a new, transdiagnostic outcome-focused mental health quality measure. This measure is based on routine, regular patient reports of their symptoms. It is designed to be aggregated at the provider, clinic, organisation or plan level; inform choice of provider; and be used to improve routine delivery of services and quality of care among patients with common psychiatric disorders. The project analyses existing data with responses to a wide variety of items that are known to assess depression or anxiety and empirically selects symptom items for a transdiagnostic outcome-focused quality measure. The project informs risk adjustment and benchmarking of the quality measure by studying how patient, provider and practice factors, including health-related social needs, baseline symptom severity and diagnoses, affect outcomes. Drawing on these, the project specifies an outcome-focused quality measure that includes risk adjustment and benchmarks for improvement; and studies, at practices nationally, its feasibility and psychometric properties, the effect of treatment characteristics on the quality of care, and the effect of quality on health-related quality of life. Results will be published. The quality measure is designed to be broadly relevant across community settings and populations and to be submitted for endorsement by regulatory and governing bodies.

Relationship between professional competence and effectiveness among operators in active aging learning centers in Taiwan

ABSTRACT Older adult educational organizations are a key public service that helps societies respond to an aging population. However, the perceptions, interactions, and operational effectiveness of these organizations have rarely been explored from the learners’ perspective. This study included the learners’ perspective and examined the relationship between professional competencies and operational effectiveness among operators of these organizations. A total of 1,573 and 226 valid questionnaires were collected from learners and operators, respectively, from Active Aging Learning Centers (AALCs) in Taiwan. A multilevel model analysis indicated that both the organizational and individual levels – corresponding to the organization’s internal operations and the individual’s learning process – must be integrated to evaluate the effectiveness of older adult educational organizations. In addition, AALC type moderates the effects on operational effectiveness by the perceptions of learners on (1) the AALC’s operations and (2) interactions with AALC staff. Future research should further explore the factors influencing the effectiveness of a single type of older adult educational organization as a reference for improving its operational effectiveness.

Literature Review on Digital Innovation

The rapid development of digital technology has changed the traditional innovation model, and digital innovation has become a hot issue in the context of digitalization. This paper first summarizes the conceptual connotation and characteristics of digital innovation through the overall overview of digital innovation research. Secondly, the antecedents and consequences of digital innovation are discussed from the environmental and organizational levels, and an integrated research framework of digital innovation is constructed according to the paradigm of "influencing factors-influencing effects". Finally, combined with the gaps and deficiencies in the current research on digital innovation, this paper proposes that the research on digital innovation in three aspects: object, method and content should be improved in the future. This paper provides ideas and references for subsequent research on digital innovation.

Theorizing subjective responsibility at work: an agentic approach

Along with an increased centrality of moral values and conduct in society and organizations, scholars’ interest in many forms of responsible organizational behaviors has proliferated. The present article intends to contribute to future organizational psychology by conceptualizing what subjective responsibility is and developing a general model of antecedents and consequences of subjective experience. We conducted a rapid literature review, with the purpose of mapping existing domains of responsibility, i.e., what does research in organizational psychology investigate responsibility for? There is much interdisciplinary literature about organizational level “objective” responsibility, e.g., Corporate Social Responsibility, but less about the subjective experience and dynamic nature of responsibility. Therefore, we specifically searched for theories and conceptualizations of responsibility as an organizational psychological, i.e., “subjective,” phenomenon. Our results confirm what other scholars have also previously observed, namely that theoretical groundwork centered on the psychological phenomenon of responsibility in organizations is rather rudimentary treated in the literature. This is unfortunate as thorough conceptualization and theory about phenomena generally form the basis for robust future research. Therefore, we integrate extant, theoretically underdeveloped concepts of subjective responsibility to reach a comprehensive definition of the phenomenon. Second, we develop a theoretical model that may be applicable to understand and hypothesize about organizational responsibility for various domains, such as responsibility for work outcomes or the environment. To cover the interplay between organizational structural factors and organizational members’ psychological level, we depart from the structure-agency metatheory. Thus, we assume that individuals subjectively regulate areas and degrees of responsibility in reciprocal interplays with structural properties. As outcomes, we focus on how responsible actions may be differently motivated. With the comprehensive conceptual development, we intend to lay the ground for a better understanding and measurement of the organizational psychological phenomena. Moreover, our theoretical model may be applied to support hypothesis development in the many different domains of responsibility, both with respect to organizational and personal antecedents and motivated responsible actions.

Retrospective and multifactorial single-cell profiling reveals sequential chromatin reorganization during X inactivation.

The regulation of gene expression is governed at multiple levels of chromatin organization. However, how gene regulation is co-ordinated remains relatively unexplored. Here we develop Dam&ChIC, a method that enables retrospective and multifactorial chromatin profiling in single cells. Dam&ChIC employs chromatin labelling in living cells with m6A to acquire a past chromatin state, coupled with an antibody-mediated readout to capture the present chromatin state. Analyses of diverse factor combinations highlight its versatility and superior resolution. By tracking lamina-associated domain inheritance over the cell cycle, we showcase that Dam&ChIC provides retrospective single-cell chromatin data. When applied in random X chromosome inactivation, Dam&ChIC disentangles the temporal order of chromatin remodelling events. Upon mitotic exit and following Xist expression, the inactive X chromosome undergoes extensive genome-lamina detachment, preceding spreading of Polycomb. We anticipate that Dam&ChIC will be instrumental in unravelling the interconnectivity and order of gene-regulatory events underlying cell-state changes during development.

How psychosocial safety climate affects employee well-being via basic psychological needs: A longitudinal multilevel moderated mediation study.

To create a more humane and sustainable workplace that upholds humanistic values alongside economic goals, it is critical to understand how organizations can effectively support employee well-being. Integrating self-determination theory within the psychosocial safety climate (PSC) framework, this study investigates (a) the core mechanism by which PSC supports employee well-being through basic psychological needs and (b) the organizational contexts in which this mechanism operates most effectively. Using a multilevel, cross-lagged panel model with three waves of data from 983 employees across 59 organizations, we decomposed PSC into between- and within-organization components. We investigated (a) within-organization mediation pathways, with need satisfaction and frustration mediating the relationships between individual PSC and work engagement and emotional exhaustion, respectively, and (b) between-organization contextual influences, testing how organizational-level PSC (i.e., PSC level and its interaction with PSC strength) moderates these indirect pathways. At the within-organization level, PSC was positively and indirectly related to work engagement through need satisfaction and negatively and indirectly related to emotional exhaustion via need frustration. At the between-organization level, PSC level and its interaction with PSC strength significantly moderated these relationships. Particularly, higher organizational PSC levels amplified the positive indirect relationship between individual PSC and work engagement, whereas the negative indirect relationship between individual PSC and emotional exhaustion was strongest in organizations characterized by both lower PSC levels and higher PSC strength. This study illustrates the multilevel role of PSC in promoting and sustaining employee well-being by supporting inherent human tendencies toward psychological need fulfillment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The Interface as a Privileged Level of Organization in Life Sciences: Implications for Control and Causation in Complex Systems

The Interface as a Privileged Level of Organization in Life Sciences: Implications for Control and Causation in Complex Systems

A Scoping Review of School Connectedness Interventions for Adolescents.

Given the importance of school connectedness for healthy adolescent development, this scoping review aimed to identify and describe intervention strategies used to increase school connectedness among adolescents. Guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework, we conducted a scoping review of school-based intervention studies published between 2011 and 2023 targeting school connectedness among adolescents. Intervention strategies were organized using a social-ecological framework. There were 24 included studies across 12 countries, targeting students aged 10-20 years. Various theories, study designs, and measurement tools were used. Interventions were primarily classroom-based, with common strategies including lessons, skill-building, and role plays. Most targeted the individual or interpersonal level rather than the organizational level. Despite it generally being a secondary outcome, 11 of the 23 interventions had a positive effect on school connectedness. There are promising strategies across multiple social-ecological levels that can be used to increase school connectedness among adolescents. A diversity of promising intervention strategies have been implemented to increase school connectedness. Future studies need to further define school connectedness, explore strategies at the organizational level, and measure the effectiveness of different strategies.