Organizational Authority Research Articles

Ways to Improve Vietnam’s Competitiveness and Economic Recovery in the Context of a Pandemic

There is currently no official research and publication by an authoritative organization on the state of the world economy in crisis. The economic downturn and negative growth of many leading countries show the huge impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world economy. Solving the problem of Vietnam’s economy’s recovery from this situation actualizes the issue of justifying effective development strategies. This is indeed a complex process that results in achieving a competitive position compared to the ASEAN region. The content of the scientific paper is based on the materials from current sources, i.e. international organizations and periodicals, summary data from publications of the Vietnamese statistical office, as well as historical and economic literature. The factors ensuring the country’s competitiveness were analyzed on the basis of ratings of international organizations whereby it is possible to determine the most competitive elements of the Vietnamese economy and propose priority directions for state development. Key recommendations include structural reforms aimed at changing the growth model from a factor to productivity, improving the quality of technologies and human resources, as well as improving the business environment, ensuring macroeconomic stability, upgrading infrastructure and encouraging innovation.

Local authority research systems: a qualitative study to inform the development of a South Gloucestershire Council-wide research system

BackgroundThe co-location of expertise in public health, social care, and place services in local authorities facilitates tackling the wider determinants of health using transdisciplinary approaches. Local authority research systems are needed to enable local authorities to become research active, co-produce research, evaluate their impact, and produce and use evidence to shape practice and policy at pace. We aimed to explore and recommend what is necessary for a South Gloucestershire Council (SGC) research system to sustainably produce impactful research activity. MethodsWe did qualitative interviews with elected members and senior leadership of SGC and key stakeholders from local National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) infrastructure and organisations identified by expert sampling. Interviews were semi-structured with tailored topic guides exploring several topics, including relationships between SGC and local partners, resource and support, co-production, social care research, and the impact of COVID-19. Data from interviews were electronically transcribed verbatim using Otter.ai and coded using NVivo qualitative data analysis software. Data were analysed using the framework method and recommendations were proposed based on the findings. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Bristol's Faculty of Health Science Research Ethics Committee. FindingsWe interviewed 27 participants (five from SGC, 22 from local research organisations). Participants identified a need for a SGC research lead to facilitate collaboration and relationship building, and more joint posts across the local authority and external organisations. There was a need for collaborative cross-boundary working, as SGC works with other local authorities in their Sustainability and Transformation Partnership and Clinical Commissioning Group. Challenges included difficulties identifying SGC's priorities and population needs, data, staff training, and collaboration with academic researchers. They also reported resource issues exacerbated by COVID-19. Participants did not express conflicting views on these findings. InterpretationWe recommended the creation of a local authority research lead post working across Council directorates, local authority research networks, support for joint posts, increased accessibility and use of local authority data, cross-boundary research systems, and infrastructure to support research to respond to local authority needs. We also suggested increased funding and incentivisation for academics to engage with local authority research. Potential barriers to these recommendations include local authority funding and staff capacity challenges. This study was limited by its recruitment method, sample size, and data collection and analyses completed by a single researcher. Future research should explore what types of evidence local authorities consider most relevant and useful. FundingNIHR Public Health Research (grant number NIHR131952).

MYCOSES OF MUSTELIDS OF CELL CONTENT

The focus of attention of authoritative international organizations, such as the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture United Nations, is the problem of contamination by fungal microflora of feed and the formation of secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) and a number of micromycetes. Contaminant fungi are mainly represented by saprophytic species with disease-causing potential. Entering the body of an animal, fungi can cause invasive lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (mucoromycosis), infection by inhalation of fungal spores, followed by the development of respiratory mycoses (aspergillosis). Almost all types of molds are capable of synthesizing mycotoxins. Some types of fungi (Penicillium) form antibiotics as secondary metabolites, which, when ingested, can disrupt the composition of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. The article presents the results of studies on the identification of mycoses in mustelids of cell content. To determine the species composition of pathogenic fungi, most often found in mustelids in fur farms of the Russian Federation, microbiological studies were carried out using selective culture media and a MicroTax microbiological analyzer. As a result of laboratory research, it was found that among the isolated material from the internal organs, pathogenic fungi of the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Candida are most often found. Microbiological examination of animal feed (porridge, grain grinding, fish feed) revealed identical pathogens. As a result of setting a bioassay on rabbits and white mice, the pathogenicity of the isolated fungi was determined. A laboratory study was carried out to study the effect of the isolated mushrooms and their metabolic products on the weasel organism.

Derzhavnyi standart Ukrainy DSTU 4163:2020: novely ta problemy

According to public interest, caused by the entry into force on 01.09.2021 of the state standard of Ukraine DSTU 4163:2020 «State unified system of documentation. State unified documentation system. Unified system of organizational and administrative documentation. Requirements for execution of documents» this article is an author’s attempt from a professional point of view based on a systems approach to find out and evaluate the essence and significance of the innovations of this standard in relation to their impact on the preparation and execution of organizational and administrative documentation. Comparative analysis of DSTU 4163:2020 with its predecessor DSTU 4163:2003 in the research process was carried out, also a wide source base was used. The article presents comparative characteristics of the structural and semantic structure of these standards and the composition of the document’s requisite indicating statistical and semantic differences using a tabular form. According to the author, the text shows the most significant innovations that distinguish DSTU 4163:2020 from DSTU 4163:2003. Based on the principle of historicism, the article examines retrospective and modern normative-legal relations DSTU 4163: 2020, on the basis of which the author concludes that this standard is completely independent of the normative rudiments of Soviet office work, the full ability of the standard within its status to fully regulate the issue of execution of organizational and administrative documentation, accumulating the most modern requirements of current national legislation in combination with its own innovations. According to the author, one of the problems identified in the research process is the disregard in the standard of changes in the territorial organization of authority that took place in Ukraine in the process of decentralization of power. As a result, the rules of the standard ignore certain issues execution of documents by local executive state administrations and local self-government bodies, which are confirmed by the examples given by the author. The study revealed within this problem of the requisite composition of the forms of local state administrations and local governments contradictions of certain normative-legal acts, legislative unregulated use of forms with the image of the State Emblem of Ukraine, the name of the state and its names by local state administrations and local self-government bodies, as well as some other problems. According to the author, the solution of the problems revealed in the research process is possible in case introduction of the changes offered by it to specifically defined legislative and by-laws.

Биополитический поворот в праве: от юридико- институциональной модели к биоправу

Relevance. Since the XVIII century, there has been a gradual qualitative transformation of sovereign power in the course of the formation of a biopower based on the regulation of natural processes inherent in the population. At the turn of the XX–XXI centuries, biopolitics as an authoritative organization of the life of the population became the dominant management model. At present, numerous biopolitical tools carry out the construction of the social.
 Objectives. The purpose of the article is to explicate the process of transformation of the legal and institutional model of regulation of public relations inherent in sovereign power into biolaw as a tool for regulating public relations carried out by biopower.
 Results. In the course of the study, the process of the formation of biolaw, which arises on the basis of the already established system of legal and political regulation due to its modification by biopolitical means of medicalization, normalization, identification, criminal biopolitics, is considered. As a result of the steady biopolitical intervention in the regulation of the life of the population, the lex-law as a system of legal norms expands to nomos-law focused on a sample of the natural order, correlative to the constructed norms of human life as a biosocial being.
 Conclusions. Biopolitics in the process of formation radically transforms the social, including legal relations. Biolaw is a system of flexible tools for regulating social relations, tending to the model of the natural order. Biopolitical regulation is steadily replacing the traditional legal and political management model.

INNOVATIVE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF PERSONNEL TRAINING IN THE CIVIL SERVICE

The hypothesis of the presented article is the idea that the innovation policy in the field of public administration personnel training is based on two principles: 1) training of personnel of a new format, corresponding to the requirements of reality and ready for quick and not always anticipated changes, 2) careful attitude to the human resource, that is, the human potential of the public administration system. The introduction describes the archaic system of Russian personnel policy. The introduction of relevant principles into the state personnel policy will improve the professional competencies of employees, adapt them to the process of changes in public administration, and allow interested employees to plan and build a career perspective. The formulated principles are a consequence of the teamwork of the educational organization and government authorities in order to understand new staffing requirements for the public administration system. These principles include the principle of corporate training, the principle of customizing educational content, the principle of personalizing additional professional programs, the expert principle, the principle of innovative methodology, the blended format principle, the motivational principle, the principle of independent assessment of the quality of training of students, the principle of independent assessment of the quality of conditions, the principle of internal evaluation systems, analysis principle. In conclusion, the author substantiates the statement that it is necessary to expand the range of fundamental principles in connection with the openness and dynamism of the structure of innovative personnel policy.

No news, no excitement, no creativity: Moderating roles of adaptive humour and proactivity

When employees believe that organizational authorities are engaged in unfair information provision, it might evoke some negative behavioural responses, like diminished creativity. But when and why are such responses more likely? To answer these questions, the current study investigates the mediating role of job dissatisfaction in the relationship between unfair organizational information provision and creative behaviour, as well as the moderating roles of employees' own adaptive humour and proactivity. Survey data, collected from employees who operate in the oil and gas sector, reveal that employees' convictions that organizational leaders are not open in their communication can prompt them to avoid creative work activities, because these employees become unhappy with their jobs. This mediating role of job dissatisfaction is less salient if they have a good sense of humour and like to take initiative though. Organizations therefore should take these findings as a relevant caution: Lack of excitement about their jobs, as informed by organizational information deficiencies, can make employees complacent. To address this potentially negative outcome, organizations might help employees leverage their own valuable personal resources.

Правові засади здійснення реформи децентралізації органів виконавчої влади в Україні

The article is devoted to determining the legal basis for the implementation of the reform of decentralization of executive bodies in Ukraine, and establishing on this basis further prospects for the development of legislation in this area. The author describes the provisions of strategic acts in the field of decentralization reform of executive bodies. It is substantiated that in Ukraine it is planned to gradually form three levels of organization of the system of public administration bodies – state, regional and local. It is proved that the optimization of the organization of public authorities on the ground should be carried out by consolidating territories and uniting communities to ensure the capacity of the latter, as well as expanding the powers of local governments and narrowing the powers of local state administrations and other local executive bodies. Draft laws have been studied, the adoption of which should be recognized as an urgent need for further reform of the decentralization of executive bodies. It is argued that such laws include the adoption of the Law of Ukraine Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (on decentralization of power), which should lay the constitutional and legal foundations for the organization of executive bodies at the state, regional and local. It is proved that the adoption of the Law of Ukraine On Administrative-Territorial System of Ukraine is necessary given the need to determine the principles of formation and liquidation of administrative-territorial units, establishment and change of boundaries of administrative-territorial units and settlements, etc. The author identifies the main achievements in the field of legal regulation of the reform of decentralization of executive power. Reasoned gradual transfer of functions related to the provision of administrative services to local governments. It is established that the organization of executive bodies at the local level in such a way as to ensure maximum participation of the population in management decisions in various areas, as well as to ensure increased efficiency and quality of administrative services.

Centralisation in one step. Centralisation and decentralisation in Hungary from a public services perspective

AbstractIt is very difficult to group countries and state structures according to the extent of their decentralisation or the model they follow in the spatial distribution of power.The strengthening of local municipalities and the almost continuous evolution of their role reflects the steady downsizing of public services provided by the state and the extension of market circumstances. Until the economic crisis in 2008, the importance of state redistribution increased in almost each of the developed countries, more and more nation state functions were centralised under the authority of international organisations, and the “curtailment” of national governments’ authority occurred in tandem with the strengthening of the local state, i.e. municipalities.The study exploring the issue of centralisation and decentralisation does not seek to unearth the relationship between the two concepts, but to examine from the point of view of consumer satisfaction how such a hastily implemented reform is able to respond to consumer demands.It also examines how those concerned by the financial and political changes, i.e. the population perceived this most important structural transformation of the period since the transition in 1989. Can it be verified from the consumers’ point of view that the transformation of the local municipal system improves the quality of service provision? The study reviews the process and social reception of the largest-scale administrative reform in Hungary post-1989 (with a primary focus on public services) using data from an extensive survey (representative of settlement type and sociode-mographic variables).

Who has a beef with reducing red and processed meat consumption? A media framing analysis.

Diets high in red and processed meat (RPM) contribute substantially to environmental degradation, greenhouse gas emissions and the global burden of chronic disease. High-profile reports have called for significant global RPM reduction, especially in high-income settings. Despite this, policy attention and political priority for the issue are low. The study used a theoretically guided framing analysis to identify frames used by various interest groups in relation to reducing RPM in online news media articles published in the months around the release of four high-profile reports by authoritative organisations that included a focus on the impacts of high RPM production and/or consumption. Four major RPM producing and consuming countries - USA, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. None. Hundred and fifty news media articles were included. Articles reported the views of academics, policymakers, industry representatives and the article authors themselves. RPM reduction was remarkably polarising. Industry frequently framed RPM reduction as part of a 'Vegan Agenda' or as advocated by an elite minority. Reducing RPM was also depicted as an infringement on personal choice and traditional values. Many interest groups attempted to discredit the reports by citing a lack of consensus on the evidence, or that only certain forms of farming and processing were harmful. Academics and nutrition experts were more likely to be cited in articles that were aligned with the findings of the reports. The polarisation of RPM reduction has led to a binary conflict between pro- and anti-meat reduction actors. This division may diminish the extent to which political leaders will prioritise this in policy agendas. Using nuanced and context-dependent messaging could ensure the narratives around meat are less conflicting and more effective in addressing health and environmental harms associated with RPM.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЗДАНИЯ ДОКУМЕНТАЦИИ СИСТЕМЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА

The article is devoted to the development of quality system documents for the pharmacy organization. The legislation of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the Eurasian Economic Union, requires the development and maintenance of the quality assurance system, the quality management system, the pharmaceutical quality system in a pharmacy organization, a distributor or manufacturer of medicinal products. The article presents the comparative analysis of regulatory requirements as well as approaches of the international standards ISO series to the construction of the quality systems and processes documentation. Such documents as the Quality Manual or its equivalent, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Process Instructions are the most difficult to develop. The distribution of responsibility for processes within the organization is difficult to understand. On the example of RUE «BELPHARMATSIYA» it is shown how the processes in the pharmacy organization can be documented and responsibility for their implementation can be stated. The functioning of the quality system depends on the clarity of the documentation structure and its development and circulation organization. It is the responsibility of the organization authorities to maintain effective functioning of this system.

Legal regulation of provision of electronic administrative services

The article examines the features of the legal regulation of electronic administrative services. It is noted that one of the components of information society development is e-government - a new format of organization of public authorities, which creates the necessary conditions to increase efficiency, transparency, openness of these bodies using information and communication

Effective Peer Employment Within Multidisciplinary Organizations: Model for Best Practice.

This study sought a clearer understanding of organizational mechanisms reinforcing effective peer employment and organizational change from the perspectives of peer workers, non-peer staff and management in multidisciplinary mental health and substance use recovery services. Findings were used to develop a model for organizational best practice for peer employment and associated organizational change to promote recovery-oriented and person-directed services. Qualitative research was undertaken, involving 132 people participating in 14 focus groups and eight individual interviews. These people were employed across five U.S. multidisciplinary organizations providing mental health and substance use recovery services and deemed by a panel of experts to provide effective employment of peer workers. Study findings include the articulation of an interactive working model of best practice, comprising organizational commitment, organizational culture and effective organizational strategies necessary for a "whole-of-organization" approach to support authentic peer work and enable organizational transformation, to actualize recovery-oriented values and person-driven services. Strategies include Human Resources engagement, peers in positions of senior organizational authority, recurring whole of workforce training, along with peer training and peer-led supervision. Findings suggest whole-of-organization commitment, culture and practice are essential for the organizational transformation needed to support effective employment of peers in multidisciplinary environments.

The Protection of Human Rights in Pandemics—Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future

AbstractThis special section tells the story of Covid-19 through the lens of national responses, serious concerns about unprecedented human rights limitations and infringements, and the respective role of courts in public health emergencies. It compiles perspectives on disease control developments in Brazil, Italy, Poland, Taiwan, the U.S., and the EU to explore various aspects of judicial review protecting, or failing to protect, human rights. It offers insights from states and regions which have experienced high pandemic rates or may attract attention for not treating human rights as a priority. Amidst the crisis of multilateralism and the World Health Organization (WHO) authority, and the fact that public health is typically a national power, the Articles focus on the state-level analyses to inspire comparative findings and further research. The section also draws on diversity and transdisciplinarity. The contributions are authored by scholars specializing in wide-ranging areas of law, including constitutional, health, private, and human rights law, as well as in political philosophy and public health. This text introduces the special section by offering a broader picture of the human rights’ problématique in times of pandemics.

The Allocation of Authority in Organizations: A Field Experiment with Bureaucrats

AbstractWe design a field experiment to study how the allocation of authority between frontline procurement officers and their monitors affects performance both directly and through the response to incentives. In collaboration with the government of Punjab, Pakistan, we shift authority from monitors to procurement officers and introduce financial incentives in a sample of 600 procurement officers in 26 districts. We find that autonomy alone reduces prices by 9% without reducing quality and that the effect is stronger when the monitor tends to delay approvals for purchases until the end of the fiscal year. In contrast, the effect of performance pay is muted, except when agents face a monitor who does not delay approvals. Time use data reveal agents’ responses vary along the same margin: autonomy increases the time devoted to procurement, and this leads to lower prices only when monitors cause delays. By contrast, incentives work when monitors do not cause delays. The results illustrate that organizational design and anti-corruption policies must balance agency issues at different levels of the hierarchy.

Implementation of promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment, and decent work for all as the goal in the updated Constitution of the Russian Federation

The article analyzes the content of the new Article 75.1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation through the prism of economic and political doctrines of solidarity based on the social division of labor, codependency, and mutual assistance. The relevance of the problem of social solidarity in the implementation of economic activity by citizens is due to the entry into force of the Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2020 "On improving the regulation of certain issues of the organization and functioning of public authorities." Concluded that Article 75.1, fixing new principles of balancing private and public interests based on mutual trust in society and the state, integrating the Russian economy into the global community based on universal principles of economic development set out in the Concept of Sustainable Development of the United Nations.

Willingness and influential factors of parents of 3-6-year-old children to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine in China

ABSTRACT The impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on children aged 3–6 can be severe. Vaccination for COVID-19 is one of the most important primary preventative measures to reduce disease transmission. Parents are hesitant to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 because it was reported in the news that some adults have had adverse reactions to the vaccine. This study aims to investigate the willingness of Chinese parents of 3–6 year old children to vaccinate them with the COVID-19 vaccine and identify what factors influence their decisions. A survey was conducted using a two-stage stratified random sampling method from December 2020 to February 2021. We used univariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic analysis to explore potential factors that may determine the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Of the 468 parents who participated, 86.75% were willing to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine. Parents who were female (OR = 2.591; 95% CI: 0.432–4.689), recognized their children in the high-risk category (OR = 2.494; 95% CI:1.244–5.002), often followed-up with COVID-19 vaccine-related information (OR = 9.065; 95% CI: 3.220–28.654), believed in the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 3.068; 95% CI: 1.313–7.168), or thought the COVID-19 vaccine could prevent COVID-19 (OR = 13.750; 95% CI: 2.516–75.140) were more willing to vaccinate their children. To ease parents’ hesitation about vaccines, the authority organization should release updated information on the safety and reliability of vaccines, target gender-specific health education for parents, and ask the media to report scientifically support information.

Управління ризиками та їх оцінка при розробці програмного забезпечення

The article defines the concept of threat model. Described a list of current security guidelines for the development and administration of web systems. Formed the list of cybersecurity threats, the consequences of their implementation are determined. Described the process of forming a model of cybersecurity threats of web systems. Defined the list of threats based on the recommendations and experience of authoritative organizations in the world and Ukraine. Defined the concepts of risk, risk index and risk status for the security of web systems. Defined the main principles of risk management in software development projects.

Health and Sustainability Indicators of Higher Education System

The aim of this research was to explore the critical indicators of evaluating higher education system. The data was obtained according to the available information from websites of relevant authoritative organizations like U.S. News and Universitas 21, etc. The national higher education system was evaluated by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model, then by further establishing the dual index evaluation model which includes the concepts of Health Index (H), Sustainability Index (S), finally, combined the two-index by Mckinsey matrix. This research ranked the sustainability and health of higher education systems from 10 countries in 2020 where it reflected that Unites States had the highest evaluation weight while India and Brazil still had room for improvement. Using India as the research subject, the health and sustainability degree of the improved higher education system were analyzed by Lanchester’s equation. According to the results of the evaluation model, a policy implementation model was proposed to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of India’s higher education system.

Local Government Transfer into the Process of Ukraine's European Integration: Achievements of Communities and Losses of the Executive Branch of Power

The obligations assumed by the Ukrainian state by ratifying the association agreement between Ukraine and the European Union have become a reference point for transformations taking place in various spheres of public life, including local self-government. The article analyzes Ukraine's compliance with EU requirements regarding local self-government organisation, achievements in this field, and determining the prospects for reform. The analysis is grouped into four blocks: implementation of administrative and territorial reform; budget decentralisation; optimization of the organization of local public authorities (executive bodies formation of regional (oblast) and district (rayon) councils, the establishment of prefectures); land reform (transfer of land management to communities). The powers of local self-government bodies and state bodies were transformed in implementing municipal, territorial, fiscal and land reforms. However, further reforms are impossible without amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (regarding the decentralisation of power), the adoption of new legislative acts (on the principles of the administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine, on prefectures), as well as amendments to some existing ones (on local self-government, etc.).