Although lakes are major reservoirs for organic matter (OM), global warming may accelerate the decomposition of sedimentary OM. Enhanced OM decomposition under warming intensifies carbon cycling in the biosphere and can lead to ecosystem degradation through deoxygenation. However, it remains unclear whether this temperature-driven increase in decomposition primarily involves modern OM or aged OM. In this study, we applied a novel approach that integrates radiocarbon (Δ14C) analysis with aerobic incubation experiments using undisturbed sediment cores collected from the largest lake in Japan. This approach enabled us to examine directly whether warming accelerates the decomposition of aged OM in aquatic sediments. The age of decomposed OM was estimated by measuring the Δ14C in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the overlying water before and after incubation. At the current hypolimnetic temperature of 8 °C, the Δ14C value of decomposed OM was -43.6 ± 50.8‰, which is comparable to the surface lake water DIC value. However, the Δ14C values decreased with increasing temperature, reaching -182.3 ± 31.1‰ at 18 °C. Monte Carlo simulations estimating the temperature sensitivity of modern OM and aged allochthonous OM indicated that aged allochthonous OM exhibits higher temperature sensitivity. This finding supports the carbon quality to temperature hypothesis. These results suggest that reducing anthropogenic erosion and implementing other land-based management measures could help slow the progression of lake deoxygenation under climate warming.

PM2.5 constituents and hospitalizations for a wide spectrum of digestive diseases exacerbation: Insights from a nationwide case-crossover study with mixed-exposure model.

Effects of protease-hydrolyzed cottonseed protein on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and bacterial diversity in broilers.

Dredging alters sediment composition and hydrodynamics, disrupting organic matter distribution and deposit-feeder communities, yet its long-term effects on benthic food webs remain underexplored. We examined how dredging-induced sediment changes influence trophic niches of deposit feeders by analyzing abundance, resource use, and trophic structure of three deposit-feeding species and one predator in Gwangyang Bay, Korea, using stable isotope analysis. Sediment characteristics differed markedly between regions: the northern inner bay was dominated by fine, organic-rich sediments, whereas the dredged main channel contained coarser, organic-poor sediments associated with short water residence times. Despite these contrasts, sediment conditions alone did not explain deposit-feeder distributions; instead, recolonization capacity following disturbance appeared more important. Isotopic niche metrics (δ13C range, δ15N range, and corrected standard ellipse area) revealed substantial trophic niche overlap among deposit feeders (Capitella capitata, Magelona japonica, and Theora fragilis), with primary reliance on phytoplankton and microphytobenthos and minor contributions from riverine and marsh-derived organic matter. Although species-specific traits influenced feeding strategies, high phytoplankton availability likely promoted trophic convergence rather than niche partitioning. Pronounced niche overlap occurred in both dredged and non-dredged areas, indicating that resource availability, rather than sediment conditions, primarily structures benthic trophic interactions. Predatory polychaete, Scoletoma longifolia, occupied a higher trophic position but exhibited similar isotopic overlap across dredged and non-dredged areas, supporting trophic homogenization mediated by shared prey resources. Overall, our results demonstrate that in low-turbidity estuaries such as Gwangyang Bay, autochthonous microalgal availability-rather than dredging status-primarily governs benthic trophic dynamics, underscoring resource-driven controls on trophic structure following dredging.

Boosting U(VI) extraction and existing organic degradation as well as electricity production from wastewater and seawater by a solar-driven multifunctional photocatalytic fuel cell decorated with ZnS/CF cathode.

Angus-based heifers (F0; n = 72; 14 to 15 mo; initial body weight [BW] = 380.4 ± 50.56 kg) were ranked by BW, bred via artificial insemination (AI) with female-sexed semen, and assigned to receive a basal diet (CON; n = 36) or the basal diet plus a vitamin and mineral supplement (VTM; n = 36) with the total mixed ration. Treatments were applied from breeding through calving, after which cow-calf pairs (n = 14 CON; n = 17 VTM) received a common diet. A subset of F1 heifers (n = 7 CON; n = 9 VTM) were bred via AI with female-sexed semen and evaluated from breeding through d 250 of gestation when pregnant heifers were slaughtered. Nutrient balance and energy metabolism were measured each trimester via apparent total tract digestibility and indirect calorimetry. Blood samples were collected each trimester and at harvest for hormone/metabolite analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with repeated measures where appropriate, with treatment, time, and interaction included as fixed effects and animal as the experimental unit. In F1 heifers, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and N was not influenced by treatment (P ≥ 0.21) but decreased (P ≤ 0.03) as gestation advanced. Fecal energy (FE) losses, heat production (HP) as a percentage of gross energy intake, and retained energy (RE) were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.52); however, FE and HP increased (P ≤ 0.03) while RE decreased (P = 0.01) with advancing gestation. Circulating insulin concentration was greater (P < 0.01) in VTM heifers, whereas glucose decreased (P < 0.01) and non-esterified fatty acids and blood urea nitrogen increased (P ≤ 0.01) as gestation progressed. Body weight was greater (P < 0.01) in VTM heifers and at slaughter, VTM heifers tended (P ≤ 0.10) to have heavier carcasses and greater ribeye area than CON. The F1 CON heifers had heavier spleens relative to BW (P = 0.04) whereas other organs did not differ (P ≥ 0.17). In F2 fetuses, CON tended to have heavier reproductive tracts and spleens (P ≤ 0.10) with no other differences in organ weights (P ≥ 0.13), whereas VTM fetuses had greater (P = 0.01) blood glucose concentration. These results indicate that prenatal micronutrient supplementation programs growth and metabolic function across generations, with minimal effects on organ mass. Advancing gestation reduced efficiency of energy and nitrogen use, reflecting nutrient partitioning shifts supporting fetal growth.

With the increasing depletion of conventional oil and gas resources, deep to ultra-deep petroleum resources have become a critical direction for global energy strategies. The scientific evaluation of highly- to overmature source rocks developed in deep to ultra-deep strata is crucial for understanding hydrocarbon generation and accumulation. However, traditional geochemical evaluation methods are generally ineffective in this case. This study integrates Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to effectively analyze source rocks from the Permian Fengcheng, Xiazijie, and Urho formations in the western Peng-1 West Sag, establishing a comprehensive evaluation system suitable for highly-to over-mature source rocks. The results indicate that: (1) Raman spectral parameters can effectively calibrate the maturity of highly evolved source rocks and estimate the vitrinite reflectance ( R o ); (2) FTIR spectral parameters clearly distinguish organic matter (OM) types of source rocks from different sedimentary facies, i.e., Type II 1 in deep lacustrine facies of the Fengcheng Formation → Type II 1 –II 2 in fluvial-deltaic facies of the Xiazijie Formation → Type II 2 –III in semi-deep lacustrine facies of the Urho Formation); (3) The comprehensive evaluation shows that the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks in the study area follows the order: deep lacustrine facies > semi-deep lacustrine facies > fluvial-deltaic facies. This technical system provides a new approach to address the limitations of traditional methods and offers important insights for the assessment of gas potential in similar basins with highly- to over-mature strata. • Integrated Raman-FTIR spectroscopy effectively evaluates the thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potential of highly- to over-mature source rocks in the Junggar Basin. • Raman spectral parameters reliably calibrate maturity and estimate vitrinite reflectance ( Ro ​) in high- to over-mature stages, with a strong correlation ( R 2 > 0.85) between calculated and measured Ro ​. • FTIR spectral parameters clearly distinguish organic matter types across different sedimentary facies, revealing a progressive improvement in OM quality from semi-deep lacustrine to deep lacustrine facies. • A novel A–H–I ternary diagram based on molecular structural parameters enables accurate discrimination of hydrocarbon generation potential, ranking it as: deep lacustrine > semi-deep lacustrine > fluvial-deltaic facies. • A comprehensive workflow combining Raman and FTIR spectroscopy is established, providing a robust and convenient alternative to traditional geochemical methods for evaluating highly evolved source rocks.

This study investigates the performance of a sequencing batch electro-membrane bioreactor (SB-EMBR) operated under low electric charge loading (39.9 mAh L⁻1), focusing on the effects of aeration intensity on treatment performance, biomass activity, and membrane fouling. The reactor was operated at a current density of 10 A m-2 and three specific aeration demand levels (SADₘ = 0.48, 0.24, and 0.12 m3m⁻2h⁻1). Organic matter and phosphorus removals remained consistently high (> 90% COD removal; TP < 1.0mg L⁻1) regardless of aeration intensity. In contrast, ammonium removal efficiency declined from 99.5 to 74.7% as the SADₘ decreased from 0.48 to 0.12 m3m⁻2h⁻1. Batch assays revealed reduced activity of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms under oxygen-limited conditions. The pronounced decrease in the P-release/COD-uptake ratio from 0.172 to 0.0164mol P mol⁻1 C indicates that TP removal at low dissolved oxygen became predominantly governed by chemical coagulation rather than the biological phosphorus removal process. The calculated Al/P molar ratio of 2.32mol Al mol⁻1 P was sufficient to sustain phosphorus removal through both precipitation and adsorption onto aluminum hydroxides. Reduced aeration favored anoxic phosphorus uptake, increasing the denitrifying phosphate assimilation potential from 18 to 41%. The membrane fouling rate increased from 1.02 to 4.81kPa d⁻1 as aeration decreased, mainly due to diminished shear forces, soluble microbial products accumulation (+ 205%), floc size reduction (- 50.1%), and higher capillary suction time (+ 123%). Owing to the short current application (1.6h d⁻1), the additional electrocoagulation cost was only 0.07 USD m⁻3, lower than values reported for continuous-flow EMBRs. Overall, operation of the SB-EMBR under reduced electric charge loading demonstrated promising energy efficiency while maintaining stable and satisfactory pollutant removal even at low aeration intensities.

Characterization and management aspects of total organic carbon in reverse osmosis concentrate: Comparison of full-scale industrial water production plants under different source water.

Conventional wastewater treatment technologies fail to intercept emerging organic pollutants at environmentally relevant trace concentrations. This failure is mechanistic: adsorptive concentration and oxidative mineralization operate as structurally decoupled processes within all established treatment platforms. The present review addresses this gap directly. It critically and exclusively examines the real wastewater performance of dual-function electrospun metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes as integrated adsorption photocatalysis systems for emerging organic pollutant removal. Unlike prior reviews confined to idealized synthetic matrices, this work interrogates authentic wastewater complexity across MIL, UiO, and ZIF series frameworks embedded in polymer nanofiber carriers. Real wastewater imposes quantifiable and compounding performance penalties. Natural organic matter suppresses adsorptive uptake by 30%-60%. Bicarbonate scavenges photogenerated hydroxyl radicals at 8.5 × 106 M-1 s-1. Phosphate coordinates irreversibly to Lewis acid metal nodes, producing near-permanent active-site deactivation. These matrix effects collectively erode the adsorption pre-concentration effect, which constitutes the mechanistic foundation of dual-function synergy. Microporous framework architectures resist this erosion more effectively than large-pore analogues through size-selective exclusion of competing organic matter. No standardized framework currently exists for cross-study performance comparison. This review proposes one. Four metrics are introduced: the capacity reduction factor, the photodegradation deviation index, the synergy preservation factor, and the apparent quantum yield. Three barriers obstruct credible deployment readiness: the absence of operational data beyond 30 days, incomplete ecotoxicological characterization of treated effluents, and the absence of pilot-scale field validation.

Tracking the current situation and key paths of phosphogypsum harmlessness.

Interaction of supercritical CO2 with organic matter: Kerogen crystal stacking structure evolution during supercritical CO2 immersion for enhanced oil recovery and geological storage

Microbial necromass accelerates humic acid formation by reshaping DOM transformation pathways during composting.

This study investigates the sedimentological, mineralogical, geochemical, and foraminiferal characteristics of three coastal zones in the northwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence: (1) Port-Cartier, (2) the Bay of Sept-Îles (BSI), and (3) Matamec. Sediment samples were analyzed for grain size distribution, mineral and geochemical composition, and benthic foraminiferal assemblages. The results reveal notable spatial variability influenced by local geology, hydrodynamic conditions, and anthropogenic activities. High-energy hydrodynamic conditions at Port-Cartier and Matamec result in predominantly coarse-grained sediments, while variable energy regimes in the BSI produce a heterogeneous mixture of fine and coarse materials. Mineralogical analyses indicate that Port-Cartier and Matamec sediments are rich in quartz, K-feldspar, and amphibole, originating from local granitoid and metamorphic bedrock and are transported northeastward, or westward in case of Matamec by tidal currents. BSI sediments are markedly enriched in iron and organic matter, due to natural geological inputs amplified by anthropogenic activities, particularly in areas influenced by industrial discharge and anticyclonic circulation. Foraminiferal analyses reveal distinct community patterns closely correlated with sedimentological and geochemical variations. Calcareous species, sensitive to elevated metal concentrations, are largely absent in the BSI, where agglutinated foraminifera dominate iron-rich, fine-grained environments. Foraminiferal populations are also sparse or absent near active river deltas and in gravel-rich substrates, reflecting harsh physical conditions, substrate instability, and fluctuating salinity. Ecological indices exp(H’ bc ) and Foram-AMBI further highlight the sensitivity of foraminiferal assemblages to both natural sediment characteristics and subtle anthropogenic stressors. As the first comprehensive foraminiferal study in this region, this research provides essential baseline data and identifies sensitive bioindicators for long-term ecological monitoring, meaningfully advancing our understanding of sedimentary processes and ecological responses to environmental stress in northern coastal ecosystems. • Hydrodynamic regimes across Port-Cartier, the Bay of Sept-Îles (BSI) and Matamec control foraminiferal distribution. • Elevated metal and organic concentrations in the BSI reflect natural and potential anthropogenic sources. • Stress-tolerant agglutinated foraminifera dominate the BSI, where calcareous taxa are absent. • First integrated foraminiferal, sediment, geochemical study provides baseline data for the region.

Manure fertilizer-derived soil emerging pollutants compromises its fertility benefits for vegetable quality: At the scale of soil aggregates.

Differential ecological risks from the interaction between reductive soil disinfestation and biodegradable microplastics: mechanisms of metabolic disruption and plant growth regulation.

Fully understanding long-term liming effects on microbial dynamics requires further extensive and site-specific research. The study's core objective was to track how the amount of viable microbial biomass (measured via PLFA) and function (measured via enzyme activity) evolve in reclaimed Northern Ontario sites over time, providing insights into the process of ecosystem recovery. Four sites were selected, encompassing both limed areas and adjacent unlimed control areas. Although all sites were monitored concurrently, the applications of limestones occurred at different times. Liming at the freshly treated Kelly Lake site caused a temporary, significant increase in microbial biomass during the first four years of monitoring. This initial surge was absent in samples from older limed areas (Wahnapitae, Hwy 17 bypass, and Sudbury Snow Dump sites) monitored 7-13 years post-treatment, which suggests the effects had plateaued. Despite this short-lived microbial response, the overall positive effects of liming such as improved soil chemistry (e.g., increased pH and increased calcium) and enhanced plant population health seems to persist long after the initial biomass increase, demonstrating lasting ecological benefits. Variations in liming effects on soil biota were linked to differences in treatment duration and site-specific environmental characteristics. Microbial biomass values showed a strong positive correlation with pH (r = 0.76) and a weak positive correlation with organic matter (OM) values (r = 0.35). Amplicon sequencing analysis revealed a significant increase in bacterial community richness, indicated by significantly higher Chao1 values in limed (4450) versus unlimed (3446) soil samples, while fungal communities showed no such changes. Enzyme activities remained stable over time in both unlimed and limed samples, with two key exceptions among the C-cycling enzymes: beta-glucosidase (BG) and cellobiohydrolase (CBH). The activities of these two enzymes increased significantly over time in the limed soils. A consistent significant increase was observed for arylsulfatase (AS), an enzyme involved in S-cycling.

Microalgae-bacteria photobioreactor (MBPR) based bioremediation of coking wastewater under carbon neutralization background: performance and toxicity evaluation, response metabolism and life cycle assessment (LCA).

Testing a new approach to quantify intracellular trace metal contents in microphytoplankton using sequential selective extraction.

Modeling the filter-feeding behavior of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in response to natural variations in seston availability in Santa Catarina, Brazil