Enhancing anaerobic digestion of swine manure using magnetite: Insights into methane production and organic acids metabolism.

Newborn screening (NBS) through disease biomarkers has significantly reduced severe outcomes of congenital disorders. Moreover, exploratory newborn genetic screening programs are increasingly being implemented. This consensus, developed by multidisciplinary experts, aims to standardize the combined screening of genes and biomarkers for neonatal diseases in China, balancing ethical, technical, and clinical considerations. This consensus synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed literature (PubMed, CNKI, etc.) up to 2024 and integrates clinical experiences from multidisciplinary experts in neonatology, genetics, and laboratory medicine, focusing on disease biomarker-based NBS, newborn genetic screening, and the clinical utility of combined screening. The consensus defines principles for combined screening: (1) disease/gene selection: 154 disease-causing genes covering 67 inherited metabolic disorders (e.g., amino acid metabolism disorders, organic acid metabolism disorders), prioritized by treatability, onset age (< 5years), and cost-effectiveness; (2) methodology: integrating dried blood spot biomarker analysis with next-generation sequencing-based targeted capture (coverage > 300 ×), validated by MLPA/Sanger and long-range sequencing for complex variants (e.g., CYP21A2, SLC25A13); and (3) operational workflow: standardized workflows for informed consent, sample collection/delivery, and result interpretation, with dual reporting of marker and genetic findings within 15days. Positive cases require family verification and/or other genetic sequencing techniques. This consensus establishes a practical framework for integrating marker and genetic screening, aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy and achieve rapid and effective interventions, thereby saving lives and reducing the occurrence of severe complications. Implementation requires interdisciplinary collaboration and ongoing quality control to maximize clinical utility.

Multi-omics reveals efficient thiamethoxam biodegradation but altered flavor profile by native microbiota during Pixian broad bean paste fermentation.

Identification of pivotal genes associated with sugar and organic acid metabolism during Prunus Mume fruit ripening via metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses.

Ionic aluminum (Al) forms in acidic soils and inhibits plant growth, even at low concentrations. Rose myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions, thrives in acidic-Al soils. Here, we found that mild concentrations of Al promote rose myrtle growth. Transcriptomic disturbances induced by low or high Al stress were predominantly non-overlapping in the species. Mild Al stress (0.1 mM Al3+) enhanced rose myrtle root elongation through the upregulation of xyloglucan metabolism, nutrient uptake and utilization, and auxin transport. In contrast, high Al stress (1 mM Al3+) activated detoxification pathways, including the secretion of organic acid and glutathione metabolism. Members of the aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) family, particularly the conserved RtALMT11 and variable RtALMT18, play a pivotal role in Al tolerance. Heterologous expression of RtALMT11 and RtALMT18 complemented the Al-sensitive phenotype of almt1-KO Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). High Al3+ induced the expression of RtALMT11, mediating the synthesis of callose, which may serve as a physical barrier to mitigate Al penetration and facilitate vacuolar Al sequestration. RtALMT18 pre-emptively regulated internal defense in the stele independently of aluminum load, while also functioning as a proton/malate transporter. Beyond enhancing Al tolerance, RtALMT18 promoted the growth of transgenic Arabidopsis and poplar (Populus alba×P. glandulosa, "84K"). The functional divergence within the ALMT family reveals distinct roles in promoting the growth of rose myrtle under low Al conditions and during the high-Al detoxification process. These findings uncover Al's dual role as both a growth promoter and stress inducer, offering insights for developing Al-tolerant crops and rehabilitating acidic soils.

Sleep disturbances are common in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may worsen its progression. This study investigates the bidirectional association between unhealthy sleep and IBD and explores proteomic mechanisms underlying this relationship. Data from 381,228 UK Biobank participants were analyzed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for prevalent IBD and hazard ratios (HRs) for IBD incidence in relation to sleep patterns. A subset of 40,392 participants underwent plasma proteomic profiling, where differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified key protein modules. A prognostic risk model for IBD was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox regression. At baseline, 26.4% of participants exhibited unhealthy sleep, which was significantly associated with higher odds of prevalent IBD (OR = 1.250, 95% CI 1.165-1.340, p < 0.001) and an increased risk of developing IBD (HR = 1.237, 95% CI 1.136-1.348, p < 0.001). Proteomic profiling revealed 182 differentially expressed proteins common to both unhealthy sleep and IBD, with WGCNA identifying modules enriched in pathways related to cell activation, chemotaxis, and amino acid and organic acid metabolism. The proteomic risk model achieved an AUC of 0.81 for predicting 2-year IBD onset. Participants with both unhealthy sleep and high proteomic risk scores had a markedly increased risk of incident IBD (HR = 3.370, 95% CI 2.300-4.938, p < 0.001). Unhealthy sleep and IBD are bidirectionally linked, with inflammatory and metabolic processes mediating this association. These findings highlight potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, underscoring the importance of integrating sleep assessments into IBD management strategies.

Insights into metabolic profile and redox adjustment during ammonium-induced salt acclimation in sorghum plants.

ClMYB5-mediated regulation of ClVHP1 expression controls citric acid storage in wampee fruit.

BackgroundFragaria nilgerrensis is a wild diploid strawberry species that represents a rich source of genetic variations with potential for enhancing fruit quality traits. However, the transcriptional regulation of changes in fruit quality relevant metabolites during F. nilgerrensis fruit development and ripening has not been investigated. Thus, this study analyzed the changes and accumulation of sugars, organic acids, phenolic acids and flavonoids at the four developmental stages of F. nilgerrensis fruit.ResultsD-sucrose, raffinose, D-trehalose, melibiose and isocitric acid increased as fruit developed. In terms of phenolic acids and flavonoids, cinnamic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, coumarin, coniferin, anthocyanidins, rutin, and nicotiflorin accumulated as fruit developed. Conversely, contents of sinapoyl malate, coniferaldehyde, sinapinaldehyde, coniferyl alcohol, quercetin, gallocatechin, eriodictyol, luteolin, phloretin, and naringenin were decreased. The expression levels of key structural genes that corresponded with metabolite changes were identified. These genes included RFS (LOC101297814) and IDH(LOC101296705) in saccharide and organic acid metabolism, PAL (LOC101315259), BG (LOC101313585), F5H (LOC101307828), CCR (LOC101315149), CAD (LOC101306416 and LOC101309917), GT5 (LOC101296671), CHS(LOC101298162 and LOC101298456), LAR(LOC101306809), FLS(LOC101303260, LOC101309876, and LOC101302485), and ANR (LOC101292386) in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that multiple transcription factor families were involved in the saccharide, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, among which, AUX/IAA (LOC101298379), WRKY (LOC101302596), and AP2/ERF(LOC101295372)TFs were significantly correlated with saccharide synthesis. The effects of AP2/ERF (LOC101291560), AUX/IAA (LOC101298379), MYB (LOC105352442), and WRKY (LOC101302596 and LOC101295677) TFs were significantly correlated with cinnamic acid accumulation.ConclusionsThis study identified key metabolites, structural genes, and transcription factors influencing fruit quality-related metabolic changes during fruit development in F. nilgerrensis. These findings may facilitate the utilization of wild strawberry resources for breeding novel cultivars.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-025-07590-8.

IntroductionGraves' disease (GD), a common autoimmune thyroid disorder, is typified by hyperthyroidism and pervasive metabolic perturbations. Metabolomics, a burgeoning field instrumental in biomarker identification and elucidating systemic biological mechanisms, has recently shed light on the intricate pathophysiology of GD. The present study endeavors to delineate the metabolic aberrations in untreated GD patients from Shenzhen, China, leveraging LC-MS-based serum metabolomics.MethodsA cohort comprising 30 newly diagnosed, untreated GD patients and 32 healthy controls was assembled. Serum metabolite profiling was conducted via LC-MS, with subsequent identification and quantification of metabolites. Multivariate statistical analyses, encompassing principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were employed to discern significant metabolic discrepancies. Pathway enrichment analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were utilized to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the identified metabolites.ResultsA total of 334 significantly dysregulated metabolites were uncovered, with a pronounced involvement of lipid and organic acid metabolic pathways. Notably, N-phenethylacetamide (AUC = 0.94), diaminopimelic acid (AUC = 0.93), and the dipeptide Gly-Val (AUC = 0.91) exhibited substantial diagnostic potential. Pathway enrichment analysis unveiled significant alterations in linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid metabolism, underscoring the pivotal role of inflammatory lipid pathways and amino acid metabolism in GD.DiscussionThis study offers a granular metabolic profile of untreated Graves' disease, unmasking profound dysregulation within lipid and organic acid metabolism. The identified metabolites, particularly N-phenethylacetamide, diaminopimelic acid, and Gly-Val, emerge as promising high-performance serum biomarkers for GD diagnosis. These findings not only augment our comprehension of the metabolic reprogramming inherent to GD but also proffer potential targets for subsequent therapeutic endeavors. Subsequent investigations are imperative to elucidate the mechanistic roles of these metabolites in GD pathogenesis and their viability as clinical biomarkers.

Enzymatic browning markedly reduces the processing quality and economic value of potatoes. This study evaluated the effects of copper sulfate (CuSO4) on potato growth, yield, and enzymatic browning. Quantitative analysis of browning-related enzymes, organic acids, free amino acids, and the browning index (BI) was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography and non-contact colorimetric technology. Moderate Cu2+ (0.078–0.157 mmol·L−1) supply enhanced photosynthetic capacity, biomass, and starch accumulation, whereas excessive Cu induced oxidative stress, increased PPO activity, phenolic accumulation, and BI. Metabolic profiling revealed that Cu2+ activates PPO via its copper-binding sites and reprograms amino acid and organic acid metabolism—upregulating arginine and proline while downregulating isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, citrate, and chlorogenic acid, all strongly correlated with BI. These findings highlight the dual role of copper in yield formation and enzymatic browning, introducing metabolic reprogramming as a potential mechanism for optimizing Cu fertilization to balance productivity and postharvest quality.

This study investigated how exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) and nitric oxide (NO) enhance the tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings to NaHCO3-induced alkaline stress under hydroponic conditions. NaHCO3 exposure caused severe sodium toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and photosynthetic inhibition, which, together, suppressed plant growth. Treatments with either EBR or NO significantly improved plant performance by alleviating these adverse effects. Both regulators enhanced the ROS scavenging system, maintained ionic homeostasis, and alleviated sodium toxicity. They also stimulated the activities of vacuolar H+-ATPase, H+-PPase, and plasma membrane H+-ATPase, and increased the accumulation of citric and malic acids, thereby sustaining higher photosynthetic efficiency under stress conditions. qRT-PCR analysis further revealed that EBR and NO upregulated SOS1 and NHX2 (sodium transporters) as well as PIP1;2 and PIP2;4 (aquaporins), confirming their involvement in ionic and osmotic regulation. Pharmacological experiments showed that application of NO synthesis inhibitors, including tungstate and L-NAME, as well as the NO scavenger cPTIO, markedly weakened the protective effects of EBR. In contrast, application of the brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor brassinazole (BRz) only had a limited effect on NO-mediated stress tolerance. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that NO functions as a downstream signaling mediator of EBR, coordinating multiple defense pathways including photosynthetic regulation, antioxidant protection, ion balance, aquaporin activity, and organic acid metabolism to enhance cucumber resistance to alkaline stress.

Chronic effects of silver nanoparticles on kidney metabolism in mice: a metabolomic approach.

Untargeted flavoromics and correlation analysis reveal microbial interactions driving flavor in LAB co-fermented Beita juice.

Insights into the physiological and biochemical responses of peanut plants under combined arsenic and flooding stress.

Aluminum (Al) is solubilized as phytotoxic Al3+ in acidic soils, rapidly inhibiting root elongation. To detoxify Al, plant roots secrete organic acids that chelate the ion. The transcription factor SENSITIVE-TO-PROTON-RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1) regulates the export, distribution and metabolism of organic acids, which is crucial for Al resistance. Plant DICARBOXYLATE-CARRIERs (DICs) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane are presumed to exchange the dicarboxylates. However, whether Al or STOP1 modulates DIC expression to coordinate the organic acid shuttle remains unclear. Here, in the model legume Medicago truncatula, we identified three DIC genes and twelve in tetraploid Medicago sativa. Phylogenetic analysis places all Medicago DICs in a clade with Arabidopsis AtDIC1 and AtDIC2, whereas AtDIC3 lacks an ortholog in M. truncatula. Mining RNA-seq datasets followed by qRT-PCR validation showed that MtDIC2 is upregulated by Al in roots in a MtSTOP1-dependent manner. Consistently, STOP1-binding motifs exist in the MtDIC2 promoter, and MtSTOP1 binds to the MtDIC2 promoter in yeast. Furthermore, MsDIC2.4 shows an increase under Al treatment. Our study provides a genome-wide characterization of Medicago DICs and identifies MtDIC2 as a candidate target of MtSTOP1, whose Al-responsive induction may enhance organic acid flux across the mitochondrial membrane.

The flash vacuum expansion (FVE) process is an unconventional technology that enables the generation of fruit purees by altering the state of the water stored in the vacuoles. The plant tissue is subjected to an increase in temperature (from 25 to 54 °C) while maintaining a constant pressure (101.3 kPa). The temperature and pressure are then rapidly reduced (25 °C and 5 kPa, respectively). This promotes the conversion of water from liquid to gas, increasing its volume, which causes cell rupture and efficiently releases cellular components, including compounds stored in the vacuole. Furthermore, fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a biotechnological strategy that allows the generation of beverages with specific characteristics derived from the metabolism of LAB. LAB are capable of consuming sugars as an energy source and producing organic acids as a means of defense against microbial competitors. This research analyzes the effect of the FVE process and the genetics of Limosilactobacillus fermentum J24 on sugars and organic acids in a papaya-based beverage. During the production of papaya puree, FVE affects the concentration of sugars and organic acids, leading the bacteria to a different metabolic response than when FVE is not used for papaya puree production. Limosilactobacillus fermentum J24 was found to activate genes that confer high potential for use in the fermentation of plant-based matrices, although it was isolated from cheese.

ABSTRACTAs a significant group of agricultural and forestry pests, Coccomorpha warrants in‐depth investigation into their environmental adaptation mechanisms. This study conducted a comparative genomic analysis using five published chromosome‐level genomes of Coccomorpha species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the divergence times of these five species ranged from 333.18 to 84.22 million years ago (mya), with each having undergone two whole‐genome duplication (WGD) events. The significantly expanded gene families in these species were predominantly enriched in antioxidant‐related processes such as oxoacid metabolic process, organic acid metabolic process, and carboxylic acid metabolic process. Furthermore, 260 horizontal gene transfer (HGT) acquired genes were identified across these species, primarily originating from bacteria and archaea. These HGT‐acquired genes were mainly involved in nutrient metabolism, suggesting their role in enhancing nutritional acquisition and metabolic flexibility. Through systematic identification of detoxification‐related genes, ATP‐binding cassette (ABC), carboxylesterases (COE), cytochrome P450, and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) were identified as the major detoxification gene families in Coccomorpha, with significant variations in gene number and composition among different species. This study provides comprehensive insights into the genomic adaptations of Coccomorpha species, highlighting the roles of gene family dynamics, HGT, and detoxification mechanisms in their evolutionary success. These findings offer resources for understanding the molecular basis of Coccomorpha adaptation and provide references for developing targeted pest management strategies.

Protein palmitoylation, a key post-translational modification (PTM) regulating protein transport and function, is catalyzed by palmitoyl transferases (PATs). PATs play vital roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses, yet their characterization in citrus remains limited. This study identified 23 PAT genes (CitPATs) possessing the conserved DHHC domain in the citrus genome through comprehensive genome-wide analysis. Analysis revealed that most CitPAT proteins are hydrophilic, basic, and stable, with significant variations in sequence length. Gene structure and motif analysis confirmed 10 conserved motifs, with the DHHC domain being the most conserved among all 23 members. The CitPAT genes were unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes and exhibit high evolutionary conservation. Promoter analysis identified numerous cis-acting elements associated with abiotic stress and hormone responses, including basic regulatory elements, light-responsive elements, and stress-responsive elements, with light-responsive elements being predominant. Expression profiling during fruit development revealed distinct correlation patterns with citric acid dynamics: CitPAT6, CitPAT18, and CitPAT23 showed positive correlations with acid accumulation, while CitPAT1, CitPAT10, and CitPAT13 exhibited negative correlations. Further RT-qPCR experiments revealed that CitPAT1 and CitPAT10 consistently demonstrated strong negative correlations with citrate content throughout fruit development. This functional diversification suggests roles in regulating citric acid metabolism. These findings provide novel insights into quality formation in facility-cultivated citrus and establish a foundation for understanding PAT-mediated regulation of fruit development.

Comparative role of oxidative balance, alkaloid production, and metabolites in exposure to red-to-blue light in Catharanthus roseus.