Additive manufacturing allows great geometric freedom for lightweight components. As parts are progressively optimized in terms of topology and weight reduction in order to exploit potentials in additive manufacturing leading to smaller material cross sections, high‐pressure solution treatment and aging heat treatments show an enormous potential for a more sustainable aviation by strongly improving material properties. In this work, the previous aerospace standard for Ti‐6Al‐4V (STD) at 920°C and 105 MPa of pressure is compared with the new low temperature and high‐pressure standard (LTHP) at 815°C and 190 MPa and two high‐pressure solution treatments and aging in α+β phase field at 930°C (ST α+β ) and super‐ T β at 1050°C (ST β ), both at 105 MPa of pressure. As for LTHP the tensile strength can be increased by up to 8% compared to STD, the Charpy impact toughness decreases strongly by –19%. By ST α+β the strength can be further increased by up to 14% compared with STD, while the Charpy impact toughness being –9% of STD is considerably higher compared to LTHP. Our study shows great potential for high‐pressure solution treatment and aging of Ti‐6Al‐4V exploiting the potential of the initially super fine microstructure in terms of pore closing, high strength, ductility, and toughness.

Quantum information science has altered the concept of the method of processing and transporting information through the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum entanglement is one of its basic properties, which is instrumental to non-classical correlations between spatially separate particles. New quantum communication networks and quantum computing systems distributed are based on these interrelations. In this paper, quantum information flow dynamics of multi-particle entangled networks with particular emphasis to the processes governing information transmission, redistribution and maintenance of coupled quantum nodes are discussed. The paper discloses the way in which the entangled structures comprising multiple entities can help in facilitating the sharing of information beyond the capabilities of the classical communication systems. Complex entangled structures are analyzed in terms of the channels through which the flow of quantum information is analyzed in respect to the theoretical models of multi-qubit systems and networked quantum channels. The way the communication between the particles influences the coherence, strength of correlation, as well as the stability of the whole network in general, is given particular attention. The effect of environmental noise and decoherence which can cause a break of entanglement and the loss of efficiency in quantum information exchange is also considered in the analysis. Moreover, the article discusses the application of network topology in order to establish the behaviour of entangled systems. The impact of the structural changes on information transfer reliability and speed is determined by the evaluation of the various forms of quantum nodes and connections. These findings suggest that entangled networks structured appropriately will be able to enhance stability of quantum communication and assist in distributing quantum resources more efficiently. Overall, the present research can be deemed as part of the bigger initiative of scaling up quantum communication infrastructures. The research builds knowledge in the sense that it provides an insight into the behavior of information in multi-particle entangled networks with important considerations being made as to the advancement of robust quantum networks which can be used in future to support the realization of future applications in the area of secure communication, distributed computing and the future developments in information processing technologies.

Abstract Topological textures in magnetically ordered materials are an important case studies for fundamental research with promising applications in data science. They can also serve as photonic elements to mold electromagnetic fields endowing them with features inherent to the spin order, as demonstrated analytically and numerically in this work. A self‐consistent theory is developed for the interaction of spatially structured electromagnetic fields with non‐collinear, topologically non‐trivial spin textures. A tractable numerical method is designed and implemented for the calculation of the formed magnetic/photonic textures in the entire simulation space. Numerical illustrations are presented for scattering from point‐like singularities, i.e. Bloch points, in the magnetization vector fields, evidencing that the geometry and topology of the magnetic order results in photonic fields that embody orbital angular momentum, chirality as well as magnetoelectric densities. Features of the scattered fields can serve as a fingerprint for the underlying magnetic texture and its dynamics. The findings point to the potential of topological magnetic textures as a route to molding photonic fields.

The order topology has been historically defined only for totally ordered sets. Here, the order topology in partially ordered sets will be constructed. Several attempts have been provided in the recent litera-ture on partially ordered groups, rings and modules. This manuscript contains a full construction that provides solid foundational ground to the previous attempts and serves to pay tribute to the topological trajectory of Prof. Ricceri.

In the two-dimensional limit, the interplay between Néel order and band topology in van der Waals topological antiferromagnets can give rise to novel quantum phenomena in the quantum anomalous Hall state. However, because of the absence of net magnetization in antiferromagnets, probing the energetically degenerate Néel orders has long remained a significant challenge. In this Letter, we demonstrate deterministic control over the Néel orders in MnBi_{2}Te_{4} thin flakes through surface anisotropy engineering enabled by the AlO_{x} capping layer. By tuning the surface anisotropy, we uncover parity-dependent symmetry breaking states that manifest as distinct odd-even boundary architectures, including 180° domain walls or continuous spin structures. Comparative studies between AlO_{x}-capped and pristine odd-layer MnBi_{2}Te_{4} flakes using domain-resolved magnetic force microscopy reveal pronounced differences in coercivity and magnetization-reversal dynamics. Notably, an unconventional giant exchange bias, which arises from perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, has been discovered. Our findings establish a pathway for manipulating Néel order through surface modification in topological antiferromagnets.

Positive enthalpy of mixing and short-range order topology in atomic transport: Cu–Ta mutual diffusion coefficients via Maxwell–Stefan diffusion theory

Invertibility is important in ring theory because it enables division and facilitates solving equations. Moreover, (nonassociative) rings can be endowed with an extra ''structure'' such as order and topology allowing more richness in the theory. The two main theorems of this article are contributions to invertibility in the context of partially ordered nonassociative rings \textit{and} Hausdorff sequentially Cauchy-complete weak-quasi-topological nonassociative rings. Specifically, the first theorem asserts that the interval $]0,1]$ in any suitable partially ordered nonassociative ring consists entirely of invertible elements. The second theorem asserts that if $f$ is a suitably generalized concept of seminorm from a nonassociative ring to a partially ordered nonassociative ring endowed with Frink's interval topology, then under certain conditions, the subset of elements such that $f(1-a) < 1$ consists entirely of invertible elements. Part of the assumption of the second theorem is that of Hausdorff sequential Cauchy-completeness of the first ring under the topology induced by the seminorm $f$ (which takes values in a partially ordered nonassociative ring endowed with Frink's interval topology). Frink's interval topology is an example of a coarse locally-convex $T_1$ topology. Moreover, to our knowledge, the topology induced by a seminorm into a partially ordered nonassociative ring has never been introduced. Some additional facts, such as the fact that the topology on a nonassociative ring $R_1$ induced by a norm into a totally ordered associative division ring $R_2$ endowed with Frink's interval topology (or equivalently, with the order topology, since the order of $R_2$ is total) is a Hausdorff locally convex quasi-topological group with an additional separate continuity property of the product, are dealt with in the second section ''Preliminaries''.

Recent progress in spintronics within the paradigm of altermagnets (AMs) opens new avenues for next-generation electronic device design. Here, we establish a spin-corner locking mechanism that generates second-order topological states in two-dimensional (2D) altermagnetic systems through effective model analysis. Remarkably, the breaking of Mxy symmetry under uniaxial strain creates spin-resolved corner modes, driving the system into a corner-polarized second-order topological insulator (CPSOTI). Beyond critical strain, a topological phase transition to a quantum anomalous Hall insulator occurs with quantized conductance. Through first-principles calculations, we identify two experimentally viable candidates for 2D intrinsic AM CrO and Cr2Se2O, which host robust CPSOTI. Moreover, we construct the topological phase diagram of CrO and predict the existence of an altermagnetic Weyl semimetal phase. Our findings open technological avenues in altermagnetism and higher order topology while providing opportunities for coupling topological spintronics with cornertronics.

We give precise values of the Banach–Mazur distance between spaces C([1,ωn]) and C([1,ω]) of all continuous real-valued functions on ordinal intervals endowed with the order topology. This solves a long-lasting problem posed by Bessaga and Pełczyński.

In this article, we discuss the relationship and equivalence between the intrinsic topologies of a partially ordered set. The main results are Theorem 1-Theorem 9. The interval topology is coarser than the open interval topology in a partially ordered set. The order topology is coarser than the open interval topology in a lattice. In a partially ordered set P with finite divergence, L i= if and only if the limit of each L topological convergemt net in P is midpoint.

An on-chip crystal-less relaxation oscillator is presented in this work. It exhibits a self-biased current reference to reduce the overall supply voltage sensitivity in which the input current is made to directly depend on the output current of the current source itself instead of having an input current connected directly to the supply voltage. The temperature compensation is achieved from bipolar bandgap topology in order to take advantage of summing the proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) current and the complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) current. Through carefully sized output transistors, a drain current IREF is generated to charge and discharge the oscillating capacitor. This design demonstrates a simple compensation technique that achieves a frequency variation of less than ±1% with a supply voltage of 1.8V input at normal temperature. A linear regulation performance achieves less than ±1% over supply voltage that ranges from 1.62V to 1.98V. A temperature coefficient less than 200ppm/°C is achieved over the temperature range of -10 to 120°C. The whole chip occupies 0.57mm2 (753.3 μm x 753.3 μm) and consumes 700 μW. This oscillator has been designed and analyzed with 0.18μm 1p6m TSMC CMOS process, intended to serve as a clock generator of power electronic systems to improve worst-case power efficiency.

Precise design of Cu-exchanged zeolites with diverse topologies via atomic layer deposition for boosting low-temperature NH3-SCR

This study investigates order divisor graphs' structural and topological properties derived from cyclic groups. Focusing on the relationship between group order and graph topology, we explore key indices, including the Wiener index, the Harary index, the first Zagreb index, and the second Zagreb index. We use a case-based approach to analyze graphs for cyclic groups of varying orders, from prime powers to more general composite structures. This work extends the theoretical framework of order divisor graphs and provides explicit formulations for their topological indices, highlighting the interplay between algebraic and graph-theoretic properties. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of algebraic graph theory and its applications.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteases that drive degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) across many tissues. MMP activity is antagonized by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), resulting in a complex multivariate system with many MMP isoforms and TIMP isoforms interacting across a network of biochemical reactions – each with their own distinct kinetic rates. This system complexity makes it very difficult to identify which specific molecules are most responsible for driving ECM turnover in vivo and therefore the most promising therapeutic targets. To help elucidate the specific roles of various MMP and TIMP isoforms, we present a computational systems biology model of collagen turnover capturing all possible interactions between type I collagen, four different MMP isoforms (MMP-1, -2, -8, and -9), and three different TIMP isoforms (TIMP-1, -2, and -4). We used dye-quenched fluorescent collagen to monitor the degradation of collagen in the presence of various MMP+TIMP cocktails, and we then used these experimental data to fit hypothetical reaction system topologies in order to investigate their respective accuracies. We determined kinetic rate constants for this system and used post-myocardial infarct time courses of collagen, MMP, and TIMP levels to perform a parameter sensitivity analysis across the model reaction rates and predict which molecules and interactions are the important regulators of ECM in the infarcted heart. Notably, the model suggested that MMP degradation and inactivation terms were more important for driving collagen levels than TIMP interaction terms. In sum, this work highlights the need for systems-level analyses to distinguish the roles of various biomolecules operating with a complex system, prioritizes therapeutic targets for post-infarct cardiac remodeling, and presents a computational framework that can be applied to many other collagen-rich tissues.

Abstract In order to make the fundamental group (one of the most well-known invariants in algebraic topology) more useful and powerful, some researchers have introduced and studied various topologies on the fundamental group from the beginning of the 21st century onwards. In this paper, first we recall and review these topologies and then using the concept of subgroup topology, we compare these topologies in order to present some results on topologized fundamental groups.

The concept of generalized compactness is very useful and essential concept not only in general topology but also in the other advanced branches of pure and applied mathematics. As well one can observe the influence of topological spaces in computer sciences,digital topology, computational topology for geometric and molecular design particle physics, high energy physics, quantum physics and super-string theory. Therefore, new concepts of generalized compact spaces namely, ωδ-ß-compact and nearly ωδ-ß-compact space based on new generalized ω-open sets have been presented in topological spaces. In the process, various essential characterizations related to these kinds of generalized compact spaces have been investigated. Furthermore, the relationships among some kinds of generalized compact spaces have been discussed. As well, some illustrative examples to highlight the realized improvements are supplied.We expect that the discoveries in this article will aid scientists in developing the researches on general topology in order to elevate a general framework for their practical applications in all advanced branches of mathematics and other sciences.

The uniform convergence topology on separable subsets

This article presents a power-efficient DC-DC converter based on a switched-capacitor (SC) cell in power management systems supplied for fully integrated photovoltaic (PV) modules. These modules shall provide high-performance point-of-load voltage regulation. The primary objective of this study is to better utilize capacitance and switches by selecting a proper SC topology in order to improve the power efficiency of SC converters. A general steady-state performance model is investigated to optimize and compare a variety of SC DC-DC topologies. The investigation method relies on a charge-multiplier approach and considers the impact of area constraint on capacitors. To identify the most suitable topology for a given conversion ratio, the performance-limit metrics of SC converters are calculated. The analysis provides framework to determine optimum switch size and switching frequency for a two-phase 3:1 series–parallel converter for a target load current of 10 mA implemented on a 22 nm process technology. The results shows that a minimum of 250 MHz switching frequency is desirable for achieving a target efficiency greater than 85% while maintaining the minimum output voltage of 0.34 V. The analysis results are verified through MATLAB and PSpice-based simulations.

Pentamodes are lattice structures composed of beams. Their main property is the low ratio of the shear to bulk modulus, making them suitable for aerospace, antiseismic, and bioengineering applications. At first, in our study, pentamode structures were fabricated using three-dimensional printing and were tested in a laboratory. Then, computational analyses of bulk strength have been performed. In addition, several preliminary computational analyses have been considered, comparing different pentamodes’ dimensions and topologies in order to understand their behaviour under different loading conditions. Experimental results have been compared with the numerical results in order to validate the forces applied to the lattice structures. Our new contribution is that for the first time, the experimental and numerical results are investigated up to the failure of the specimens, the effective Young’s modulus has been calculated for different pentamode lattice structures, and our results are also compared with analytical equations.

The magnetic semimetal SrMnSb2 contains a nonsymmorphic crystal symmetry that could protect Dirac crossings, offering the coexistence of a quasi-two-dimensional characteristic, magnetic order and nontrivial topology in bulk single crystals. Here, we report the evolution of Fermi surfaces by probing quantum oscillations in the La x Sr1-x MnSb2 single crystals. Hall measurements reveal that the conduction process changes from a hole-dominated multiband nature to a single hole-band nature after La doping. Compared with parent-SrMnSb2, the Fermi surface corresponding to F α is slightly enlarged and the small Fermi surface corresponding to F γ appears with a tunable feature in La-doped crystals. The topological semimetal candidates La x Sr1-x MnSb2 provide a fine-tuning platform for potential applications in the future.