Orange Wine Research Articles

Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Skin-contact White Wines

Background: Skin-contact white wines (also known as amber, orange, or macerated white wines) go through extended maceration during fermentation, giving the wine a characteristic amber- or orange-like color and a unique flavor. Objective: This study aimed to compare the polyphenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of selected skin-contact white wines from three different regions including the ones prepared with the traditional Kakhetian method. Methods: Samples consisted of nine commercially available skin-contact white wines from Greece, United States and Georgia. Wines from Georgia were prepared with the traditional Kakhetian method. Several physicochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC), ß-carotene, and mineral content were determined. Results: TPC ranged from 447 to 2211 mg GAE/L, antioxidant capacity measured using ABTS and DPPH ranged from 643 – 2088 μmol TE/L, and 584 – 4421 μmol TE/L, respectively. Mn, Ca, Mg and P content ranged from 3.6 – 18.2 mg/L, 406 - 772 mg/L, 1530 – 2770 mg/L, and 530 – 2200 mg/L, respectively. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the eight phenolic compounds that were present in more than one wine (gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, caftaric acid, 4-CQA=4-Caffeoylquinic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin, and epicatechin) identified two groups of skin-contact wines. Group one included the three amber wines from Georgia (samples 1 to 3) made following the Kakhetian method and one orange wine from the USA (sample 9). Group two included the remaining samples from the USA (samples 7,8) and the three samples from Greece (samples 4-6). Conclusion: Skin-contact white wines, despite having an extended maceration during fermentation in common, can be quite different in polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity, perhaps due to differences in the processing conditions.

Synthesis of dextran of different molecular weights by recombinant dextransucrase DsrB

Leuconostoc citreum JZ-002 was extracted from artisanal orange wine. This strain was used to synthesize dextran with a purification extraction of 27.9 g/L. The resulting dextran had a molecular weight of 2.45 × 106 Da. A significant portion, amounting to 64 % of the structure, is constituted by the main chain, with α-(1,6) glycosidic bonds acting as the linkages. In contrast, the branched chain, comprising 34 % of the entire molecule, is characterized by the presence of α-(1,3) glycosidic bonds. The dextransucrase DsrB, believed to be accountable for the formation of the dextran backbone, was successfully cloned into the pET-28a-AcmA vector. The recombinant expression of the enzyme was achieved. Purified recombinant enzymes and immobilized in a single go using the gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM). The maximum yield of dextran produced by suchimmobilized enzyme was 191.9 g/L. The composition featured a dextran connected via α-(1,6) glycosidic linkages. Molecular weight controlled synthesis was achieved with sucrose concentrations of 100–2000 mM and enzyme concentrations of 320–1280 U. The Mw of the synthesized dextran extended from 4680 to 1,320,000 Da. By controlling the ratio between enzyme concentration and sucrose concentration, dextrans with diverse Mw can be enzymatically generated.

Enhancing the Quality of Low-Alcohol Navel Orange Wine through Simultaneous Co-Fermentation Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125, Angel Yeast SY, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BC114.

To date, there has been limited research on the interactive effects of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the sensory qualities of navel orange wine. In this study, using Jintang navel orange juice as the raw material, multi-microbial fermentation was conducted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125 and Angel yeast SY, as well as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BC114. Single yeast and co-fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were used as the control groups. The research aimed to investigate the physicochemical parameters of navel orange wine during fermentation. Additionally, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HP-SPME-GC-MS) was employed to determine and analyze the types and levels of flavor compounds in the navel orange wines produced through the different fermentation methods. The co-fermentation using the three strains significantly enhanced both the quantity and variety of volatile compounds in the navel orange wine, concomitant with heightened total phenol and flavonoid levels. Furthermore, a notable improvement was observed in the free radical scavenging activity. A sensory evaluation was carried out to analyze the differences among the various navel orange wines, shedding light on the impact of different wine yeasts and co-fermentation with LAB on the quality of navel orange wines.

Polyphenolic profile and in vitro biological activity of Serbian orange (skin fermented white) wines

Orange wines are made from white grapes, but with prolonged skin contact during fermentation. Available data on their composition and potential health benefits are limited, so polyphenolic profile (HPLC analysis) and in vitro biological activities (enzyme inhibition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory) of 24 Serbian orange wines were analyzed, including the correlation between determined composition and bioactivities. The wines displayed distinct polyphenolic profiles, enabling partial differentiation based on overall polyphenol content, including dominant components (catechin, gallic and caffeic acids), along with occasional occurrences of anthocyanins. However, no discernible distinctions were noted based on grape varieties, vintage, or producer. All twenty-four orange wines showed a reasonable inhibition of digestive enzymes and lipid peroxidation, twenty-one samples reduced ROS generation in the cell-based assay, but only two suppressed both PGE2 and TXA2 production in U937 cells, implicating possible functional food properties. No significant correlation between polyphenolic profile and determined biological activities was noticed.

Quality analysis of orange wine

Quality analysis of orange wine

Flavor Characteristics of Navel Orange Wine Fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125 and Angel Yeast SY

This research utilized Jintang navel oranges as the primary raw material, and employed two distinct yeast strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125 and Angel yeast SY, for a dual fermentation approach. Employing single-strain fermentation as the control, this study aims to ascertain the physicochemical markers, alterations in organic acids and amino acids, alongside the antioxidant properties throughout the fermentation process, all within an optimized environment. The characterization of flavor compounds in the navel orange wines subjected to diverse yeast strains and mixed fermentation was conducted using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HP-SPME/GC-MS). This method facilitated the identification of flavor compound types and concentrations. Moreover, electronic sensory systems including electronic noses and electronic eyes were harnessed to discern distinctions among various navel orange wines. Through these techniques, the research aimed to elucidate the variances induced by different yeast strains during both individual and mixed fermentation processes, shedding light on their impacts on the ultimate quality of navel orange wines.

Comparison of Conventional and Organic Wines Produced in Kutnohorsk Region (Czech Republic)

A healthy lifestyle and environmental protection play a big role in today’s modern society. The production of organic wine, as with other organic commodities, is therefore becoming increasingly popular with consumers. The selling price of organic wine is higher than that of wine that is not declared organic or BIO, so the question arises from consumers as to whether these wines contain more bioactive compounds and substances beneficial to the body. From a general point of view, it is known that grapevines contain a wide range of natural phenols and polyphenols. These substances affect the sensory properties of wines, especially color and taste. The most phenolic substances are found in red wines, slightly less in orange wines, and the lowest amounts are found in white wines. However, the representation of individual substances and their ratios differs based on the varieties and age of the wines. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the profile (chemical, physical, and sensory) of organic wines compared to wines created from nonorganic grapes, which are grown in a selected wine region—Kutná Hora. The analyzed wines were created from the same grape wine cultivar in the Kutná Hora area. The following analyses were performed on the wine samples: the phenolic and antioxidant profiles, the content of sulfites (free and total), alcohol, sugars, vitamins, density determination, and also sensory evaluation. The present study showed exact differences between samples of wines produced from the same cultivar and the same region, but declared as organic wines and wines from conventional production. Although a higher number of bioactive substances is expected in wines from organic production, in most cases it did not show a statistically significant difference in the sense of a higher amount in BIO wines; on the contrary, in many cases, the content of these substances was higher in wines from integrated production.

Effects of Torulaspora delbrueckii on physicochemical properties and volatile flavor compounds of navel orange wine

Effects of Torulaspora delbrueckii on physicochemical properties and volatile flavor compounds of navel orange wine

Effects of winemaking techniques on the phenolics, organic acids, and volatile compounds of Muscat wines

This study aimed to investigate the impact of various winemaking techniques on the phenolic, organic acid and aroma compound profiles, as well as sensory characteristics of different Muscat wines including dry white wine (DWW), orange wine (OW), rose wine (RW), semi-sweet wine (SW), sweet white wine (SWW), 3% vol wine (3%W), 5% vol wine (5%W), 7% vol wine (7%W), fortified wine (FW) and distilled wine(DW). A total of 14 individual phenolics, 11 organic acids were performed by HPLC and 33 volatile compounds were determined by GC-MS. The highest contents of individual phenolics, organic acids, and aroma compounds were found in DWW, SWW, and SW, respectively, while DW contained the lowest quantities. Sensory analysis showed that 7%W and SWW performed well in terms of overall quality. This study laid a foundation for optimizing the process of winemaking so that the wine products meet the needs of consumers by retaining the characteristics of rose aroma grape varieties.

Table for One

Table for One

Héjon erjesztett natúrborok vizsgálata

The ancient white wine making technology, the “qvevri”, is gaining more and more attention among consumers, not only because it is unique and special, but also because sustainability and closeness to nature are fundamental characteristics of this winemaking process. All of this is demonstrated by the fact that this ancient Georgian process using traditional clay vessels was added to the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2013, and in 2020, The International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) included skin-fermented white wine in the category of special wines. This wave is also present in Hungary, since “natural” wine and “orange wine” have already appeared in a 2021 law as „Other restricted terms”. The essence of the winemaking process is skin-contact fermentation and microoxidation, for which a number of vessels can be used: amphoras or qvevris, ceramic eggs or spin barrels, as a function of which the chemical composition of the wines may vary, as well as the formation of the precursor compounds of the aroma components. In this study, natural wines produced in the Tokaj wine region, using amphoras and ceramic egg vessels were examined.

Polyphenolic Profile of Orange Wines

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to describe the polyphenolic profile of orange wine and compare it with red wine, additionally this study explores the potential effect of iron content in the orange wine characteristic color. MethodsNine orange wines and 1 red wine were analyzed in triplicate. The skin-contact maceration of the orange wines ranged from 3 days to 6 months. Three orange wines were made following the Georgian traditional method (using Quevri and 6 months skin-contact maceration), one orange wine went through 6 months of skin-contact maceration in oak barrels. Analysis consisted of color density (CD) and hue tint (HT) by measuring absorbance at 420,520, and 700 nm; identification and quantification of the polyphenols gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, caftaric acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, r-coumaric acid, myricetin, catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol, b-carotene using LC-MS/MS; and iron content using ICP-OES. PCA of polyphenols was also performed. ResultsAccording to the PCA score plot of polyphenols, the three orange wines made following the Georgian traditional method were grouped together with the orange wine that went through 6 months skin-contact maceration in oak barrels closely located in the plot. While orange wines with skin-maceration times of 7 and 3 days were grouped together and clearly separated from those with a 6 months skin-contact maceration. The red wine sample was clearly separated from all the orange wine samples in the score plot. No correlation between color density, hue tint and iron content was observed since iron was not detected in any sample. ConclusionsIt seems to be a correlation between the length of the skin-contact maceration and the polyphenolic profile of orange wine. Funding SourcesCSUN.

Effect of Different Yeasts on the Quality of Navel Orange Wine

In order to select the best yeast for navel orange wine processing,six kinds of yeast,BV818,DV10,RV002,RV171,K1 and L2323 were used in Langfeng navel orange fermentation,separately. The physicochemical properties and flavor compounds were analyzed by UPLC and HS-SPME-GC-MS. Odor activity value(OAV)and principal component analysis were used for analysis and comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the content of total flavonoids of K1,L2323,DV10 and RV002 fermented navel orange wine were higher than CK,and the post bitterness of limonoids of RV171,RV002,DV10 and K1 decreased significantly. A total of 86 aroma components were detected in 6 samples. The aroma components of each sample were 24~39,with the highest alcohol content,accounting for 49.44%~78.58% of the total aroma,and the most esters were OAV>1,which contributed the most to the aroma of the wine. Isoamyl alcohol,ethyl octanoate,phenylethyl acetate,ethyl decanoate were the main aroma substances of navel orange fruit wine,which make the characteristics of flower and fruit flavor outstanding. Five principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,the cumulative variance contribution rate was 93.99%,which could better reflect the comprehensive quality of navel orange wine. The ranking from high to low was DV10,RV171,RV002,L2323,BV818,K1. Combined with sensory evaluation,DV10 was the suitable yeast for navel orange wine brewing.

EFFECT OF BAKERS YEAST (SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE) IN THE PRODUCTION OF WINE USING ORANGES, APPLES AND PINEAPPLES

Introduction: Wine is an alcoholic drink made from fermented grapes. The process of wine making involves fermentation of fruits in which case the wine is qualified by the fruit which it is made from such as apple wine, orange wine.Purpose of the Study: This research shows the possibility of producing wine from fruits using bakers’ yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).Methodology: The fruits used were Apple (Malus domestica), Orange (Citrus sinensis), and Pineapple (Ananas cosmosus).They were washed and blended. The strained juices were poured into plastic bottles to cool for 15mins before additives and yeast were added. The “must” was then allowed to ferment for four days. After four days, racking was done to remove sediments. Then egg white was added as a clarifying agent, and left to stand fifty days, for it to age and then bottled.Findings: Apple wine was found to be more alcoholic (11.4%) while orange wine had 8.9%. Apple had the highest pH (4.0) while orange had 2.0. The solubility test showed that apple had the highest solubility with 98% while orange had 94%. Apple had the least sugar content with 9.90ml while pineapple had22.0ml. Orange had a specific gravity of 0.99g while apple had0.98g.Recommendation: It is observed that all the fruits in the market today can give the qualities needed for alcoholic wine in the absence of grape fruit. All these satisfactory qualities of this study show that an acceptable wine from pineapple, apple and orange can be locally produced.

Polyphenol contents of skin-contact fermented white wines

Skin-contact fermented white wines, the so-called orange or qvevri wines, have been gaining international attention from winemakers, importers, sommeliers, consumers, and journalists over the last 10 years. Sommeliers are now regularly pairing orange wines with fine cuisine. This new culinary trend is part of a general move by the consumer wishing to respect the existence of traditions and innovation, combined with a growing interest in environmental awareness and healthy options. Orange wines are made from white grapes using ancient Georgian techniques. The essence of this method is the long skin-contact fermentation in amphorae without any chemicals or specific yeast. In our work, the polyphenol content of orange wines, in particular total polyphenol and catechin content, as well as colour intensity were measured to ensure safe winemaking technology without oxidized components.

Preparation of Orange Wine and Comparison of Some Physical Parameters of Different Wines

Preparation of Orange Wine and Comparison of Some Physical Parameters of Different Wines

Red, White, And…Orange? A New Look into an Old Wine (P20-007-19)

ObjectivesOrange wine is essentially white wine that is produced similarly to red wines, with skin-contact during maceration. Various polyphenols found in red wine may be contributing to the observed benefits on heart health. The objective is to identify if grape skin contact gives orange wine similar antioxidant properties as red wine, by comparing total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of red, white, and orange wines. MethodsFifteen wine samples were analyzed in triplicates (4 red, 8 orange and 3 white wines). A set of orange, red and white wines from the same wineries and vintages were purchased and analyzed. Analysis consisted of total polyphenols, total antioxidant capacity, and color. Total polyphenols were measured using the Folin Ciocalteu method (gallic acid equivalent per liter (GA/L)), total antioxidant capacity was measured using the ORAC method (micromol of Trolox equivalent per mililiter (μmol TE/ml)) and color was measured using a colorimeter (Lab color scale). ResultsTotal polyphenol content in orange wines (1259.2 + 138.9 mg GA/L) was 0.6 times of red wines (2239.4 + 156.9 mg GA/L) and 4.6 times higher than white wines (273.9 + 11.8 mg GA/L). Similarly, the antioxidant capacity of orange wine (12.2 + 1.9 μmol TE/ml) was 0.6 times of red wines (20.9 + 2.7 μmol TE/ml) and 2.3 times higher than white wines (4.9 + 0.9 μmol TE/ml). Differences in total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity between types of wines were significantly different (ANOVA, α = 0.05). Color of orange wines had great variability, ranging from pale to deep orange and confirmed by the wide range of a and b color values (0.3 to 2.9 and 13.3 to 25.5 respectively). Many factors can contribute to this variation, including grape variety, winery, methods of production and storage; only two countries have a legal definition of orange wine or skin-contact white wine, thus adding additional variability. ConclusionsThis allows for understanding of the characteristics of orange wines, which may have a beneficial effect on heart health and how it compares with other wine styles. Funding SourcesCalifornia State University, Northridge.

Selection of non-Saccharomyces yeasts for orange wine fermentation based on their enological traits and volatile compounds formation.

In order to select the non-Saccharomyces yeasts for orange wine fermentation, the enological traits and volatile compounds formation of ten non-Saccharomyces yeast strains were evaluated through physicochemical methods and solid-phase microextraction coupled to GC-MS, respectively. The results indicated that non-Saccharomyces yeast fermentation had lower maximum populations (7.8-8.0Logcfu/mL), longer fermentation period (7-10days), lower ethanol (4.13-7.79%), lower total acids (7.48-8.51g/L) and higher volatile acids concentrations (0.08-0.23g/L) when compared with those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation. Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Hanseniaspora occidentalis, Pichia kudriavzevii and Torulaspora delbrueckii were selected as candidates for orange wine fermentation with higher volatile compounds concentration, odor active values and sensory evaluation scores. This study will provide a valuable selection method of non-Saccharomyces yeasts for orange wine fermentation, and an approach to improve the flavor of orange wine or other fruit wine.

Renewed Conceptions of Traditions in Hungarian Gastronomy via Example of Orange Wines

Renewed Conceptions of Traditions in Hungarian Gastronomy via Example of Orange Wines

Study of physico-chemical parameters of orange (Citrus reticulate Blanco) for the development of orange wine

Physico-chemical properties are an essential factor during processing and preservation of food. The retention and changes in physico-chemical properties depends upon the processing technique. In this work, physicochemical parameters of orange like vitamin C (ascorbic acid), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), % acidity, temperature and color were studied with all the optimized conditions of fermentations for the development of orange wine. The fermentation of the fruit juice was completed within 7 days period at temperature 27oC, pH 4.5 and total soluble solids of 24oBrix with an inoculum level of 10% (v/v). Thus, orange wine with ethanol content of 8.5% (v/v) was prepared from the orange variety ‘Nagpur Santra’ (Citrus Reticulata Blanco) in controlled physico-chemical parameters.