Orange Tomato Research Articles

Marker assisted early generation identification of root knot disease resistant orange tomato segregants with multiple desirable alleles.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01361-1.

Carotenoid composition and antioxidant activities of Chinese orange-colored tomato cultivars and the effects of thermal processing on the bioactive components.

To facilitate the production of tomato products with high bioactivity and improve the utilization of orange-colored tomatoes, the carotenoids of 11 tomato cultivars were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Moreover, antioxidant activities were evaluated by four chemical-based assays, and the influences of thermal treatment on the carotenoids in orange-colored tomatoes rich in tetra-cis (7Z, 9Z, 7'Z, and 9'Z)-lycopene, phytofluene, and phytoene were studied. The nine orange-colored tomatoes (OT) were divided into two categories: OT-B, containing five cultivars rich in β-carotene, and OT-L, containing the other four cultivars that were abundant in tetra-cis-lycopene, phytofluene, and phytoene. The antioxidant activities of OT-L were higher than those of OT-B and the SD-2 cultivar in OT-L showed similar antioxidant activity to the red tomatoes. During thermal processing, tetra-cis-lycopene in SD-2 decreased about 38% after being exposed to heat for 2 hr at 80 °C, while its content was still higher than other lycopene isomers. Other-Z-lycopenes and all-trans (E)-lycopene increased from 2.36 ± 0.19to 14.73 ± 1.16µg/g fresh weight (FW) and 0.75 ± 0.10to 5.91 ± 1.02µg/g FW, respectively. Thus, thermal treatments at lower temperature, such as cold break and pasteurization, were more suitable for processing OT-L. The results demonstrated that OT-L could be an excellent raw material to produce tomato products with high bioavailability and bioactivity. The results of this research could provide helpful information for the research and development of tomato products using orange tomatoes and benefit planters and consumers. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Some orange tomato cultivars are promising raw materials for tomato products because of their high contents of bioactive tetra-cis-lycopene, phytofluene, and phytoene. This study demonstrated the carotenoid components and antioxidant activities of the widely planted orange-colored tomatoes in China. The obtained knowledge, including the thermal processing effects on the isomerization and degradation of carotenoids in the cultivars, will offer useful information to food processors and benefit the consumers.

Changes in flavonoid and carotenoid profiles alter volatile organic compounds in purple and orange cherry tomatoes obtained by allele introgression.

Tomatoes are an important source of human health-promoting compounds, and efforts have been made to enhance their nutritional quality through conventional plant breeding or biotechnology. This study assessed the composition of volatile compounds, phenolics and carotenoids in two allele-introgressed tomato lines, an anthocyanin-rich purple tomato and a β-carotene-rich orange tomato, as well as a red tomato. The purple tomato peel accumulated a high amount of anthocyanins, mainly petunidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside-5-glucoside, responsible for the purple color, and other flavonoids such as rutin and kaempferol. The orange tomato did not undergo changes in the flavonoid profile but accumulated a high amount of β-carotene, with impairment on lycopene. A total of 27 volatile compounds were detected in purple tomato, 38 in orange tomato and 39 in red tomato. They comprise terpenes, carbonyls, alcohols, esters and hydrocarbons. The difference in the volatile compound profiles of ripe fruits can be related to differences in some precursor contents in the introgression lines. Orange tomato accumulates volatiles from β-carotene cleavage, not detected in the red fruits. Otherwise, volatiles from lycopene were absent in orange tomato as a result of the inhibition on lycopene accumulation. Phenolic volatiles were higher in the purple tomato, which has the highest total phenolic content. The introgessed alleles seem to have a positive effect on the enrichment of ripe tomato in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and β-carotene, improving nutritional quality. However, the allele introgression resulted in marked changes in volatile compound profiles, whose impact on tomato flavor and consumer acceptability needs to be evaluated. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

New food approaches to reduce and/or eliminate increased gastric acidity related to gastroesophageal pathologies

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is very common in industrialized countries and rapidly and significantly increasing even in developing countries. The approach in this study is one not commonly found to date in the scientific literature. To assess the ability of reduced-carbohydrate diets and foods that are enriched with acid potential of hydrogen (pH; lemon and tomato) to quickly and exponentially reduce symptoms that are related to conditions such as gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux and unrelated to Helicobacter pylori. After the administration of an anamnestic test, 130 patients were selected including 73 women and 57 men, 21 to 67 y, and with a gastritis diagnosis for 92 patients (56 women, 36 men) and reflux gastritis for 38 patients (17 women, 21 men). Study participants followed three dietary treatments in succession. Each treatment lasted 2 wk and treatments were separated by 2 wk of washout. The patients followed a diet that consisted primarily of proteins and fats and included the exponential reduction of glycides (simple and complex). In addition, the treatment provided for the daily intake of the juice of two lemons and approximately 100 g of fresh orange tomato without seeds eaten either raw or cooked and peeled. During treatment and at the end of 2 wk of treatment, the patients reported significant improvements including an almost total disappearance of symptoms that were related to the disease in question. This study shows that a carbohydrate-free diet and/or highly hypoglycidal diet that is enriched with acid pH foods appears to lead to a decrease in the pH of the gastric contents, thus inhibiting the further production of hydrochloric acid with a reduction or disappearance of heartburn symptoms that are typical of gastroesophageal diseases.

Inferring the Genetic Determinants of Fruit Colors in Tomato by Carotenoid Profiling.

Carotenoids are essential for plant and animal nutrition, and are important factors in the variation of pigmentation in fruits, leaves, and flowers. Tomato is a model crop for studying the biology and biotechnology of fleshy fruits, particularly for understanding carotenoid biosynthesis. In commercial tomato cultivars and germplasms, visual phenotyping of the colors of ripe fruits can be done easily. However, subsequent analysis of metabolic profiling is necessary for hypothesizing genetic factors prior to performing time-consuming genetic analysis. We used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), employing a C30 reverse-phase column, to efficiently resolve nine carotenoids and isomers of several carotenoids in yellow, orange, and red colored ripe tomatoes. High content of lycopene was detected in red tomatoes. The orange tomatoes contained three dominant carotenoids, namely δ-carotene, β-carotene, and prolycopene. The yellow tomatoes showed low levels of carotenoids compared to red or orange tomatoes. Based on the HPLC profiles, genes responsible for overproducing δ-carotene and prolycopene were described as lycopene ε-cyclase and carotenoid isomerase, respectively. Subsequent genetic analysis using DNA markers for segregating population and germplasms were conducted to confirm the hypothesis. This study establishes the usefulness of metabolic profiling for inferring the genetic determinants of fruit color.

Nutritional quality of orange tomatoes for fresh consumption and processing products

Fil: Peralta, Iris Edith. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Aridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Aridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Aridas; Argentina

THE INHERITANCE OF CAROTENOID PIGMENT SYSTEMS IN THE TOMATO

N the tomato three types of fruit flesh color have long been known. The I red flesh (RRTT) of normal canning tomatoes is due to the presence of major quantities of the pigment lycopene. A minor quantity of beta-carotene is also present, as are traces of certain other carotenoid pigments. Yellowfleshed tomatoes (rrTT) are characterized by the lack of pigment in major quantities. Orange tomatoes (RRtt) of the Jubilee or Tangerine varieties, on the other hand, contain a mixture of carotenoids of which prolycopene and zeta-carotene are the principal components. Recently a new pigment type, orange in color, has been isolated (LINCOLN and PORTER 1950). Unlike the orange Tangerine type, this tomato contains largely beta-carotene with minor quantities of lycopene. LINCOLN and PORTER postulate that in beta-orange tomatoes the shift from red (lycopene) to orange (beta-carotene) depends primarily upon a single gene B which lacks dominance. When the present study was initiated the monohybrid segregations of R/r and of T/t were well established on a visual basis ( MACARTIIUR 1931, 1934). Moreover, considerable analytical information was available concerning the parent pigment types (LEROSEN, WENT and ZECIIMEISTER 1941 ; ZECHMEISTER, LEROSEN, WENT and PAULING 1941 ; LEROSEN and ZECHMEISTER 1942; NASH and ZSCHEILE 1945; PORTER and ZSCHEILE 1946a, 1946b). Crosses between r and t, however, had not been thoroughly analyzed, and crosses involving B and either Y or t had not been reported. The possibility existed that B might be an allele of either Y or t. FLEMING and ~!IYERS (1937) cite correspondence with MACARTHUR in which the latter suggested that crosses involving Tangerine orange (RRtt) and yellow (YYTT) produce a 9 red : 3 yellow : 4 orange (3 orange and 1 light orange) F2 ratio. From their own data, however, these authors suggested that the inheritance was considerably more complicated. Recently JENKINS and MACKINNEY (1951) have confirmed MACARTHUR’S prediction. Moreover, MACKINNEY and JENKINS ( 1949, 1952) have extended the analytical information with regard to parent types and have included an analysis of the segregants involving these two genes. The present work supports the data reported by MACKINNEY and JENKINS with respect to R and T, and in addition extends the analysis to include the gene B.