Orange Oil Research Articles

Natural ingredients have grown in popularity in recent years, surpassing synthetic alternatives. Among them, orange essential oil (EO) stands out as one of the most widely used essential oils (EOs) globally, primarily due to its significant health benefits. Traditionally incorporated into the human diet, orange EO is now extensively utilized in the perfumery, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory properties. Orange EO is mainly extracted from the peels of Citrus sinensis L. through cold pressing.

Objectives: Giving a successful endodontic retreatment involves getting rid of all gutta-percha (GP) from the root canals. The traditional solvent chloroform is known for being toxic. More attention is being given to finding natural and biocompatible materials. This study hopes to see if sweet lime peel, eucalyptus, and orange oil are good natural alternatives to solvents in removing GP. Material and Methods: Sixty GP cones were chosen and split into four groups (15 cones in each group), namely control (with chloroform), Citrus limetta extract, eucalyptus oil, and orange oil. 5 min of exposure at 37°C was given to every cone by submerging them in 1 mL of solvent. When immersion was done, the cones were taken out, blotted, and weighed once again. The amount a material gained in weight was calculated to see how well it dissolved. Analysis of the data was completed using analysis of variance and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test ( P < 0.05). Results: Chloroform produced the highest dissolved amount with 45.3 ± 1.5 mg, whereas eucalyptus oil came in second with 38.7 ± 2.1 mg, C. limetta extract was third with 34.2 ± 1.9 mg, and orange oil dissolved 31.6 ± 2.3 mg the most. Results from statistical analysis showed that all tested groups were different from one another. Eucalyptus oil demonstrated the highest rate of dissolution, followed by C. limetta among all herbal extracts. Conclusion: Compared to reliably used herbal products, the potential for C. limetta peel’s extract to dissolve GP is near to as that of eucalyptus oil and even higher than that of orange oil. Yet, more studies are required to show how practical this extract is in retreatment cases.

Gutta percha solvents play an important role in removing filling materials from dentinal tubules, allowing irrigation solution to penetrate the tubules. The solvents should be biocompatible and have minimal effects on the viability of periapical tissues. Otherwise, they will result in intense inflammatory reactions and interfere with periapical healing. Aim This in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of two gutta percha solvents; grapefruit oil and orange oil. Biological testing was carried out on human fibroblasts that were retrieved from the cell bank and then cultured. Two gutta percha solvents (grapefruit oil and orange oil) were added to the cultured cells. Cell viability was evaluated using a WST-1 assay. The effect was evaluated after exposure to various concentrations at 24 h and 72 h. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Grapefruit oil had the most significant cytotoxicity followed by orange oil which had the least significant cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of the two solvents used was directly proportional to their concentration. Orange oil could be recommended as a solvent for gutta percha because of its low toxicity.

This study investigated the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) when preying on females of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) under exposure to microemulsion formulations of a terpenoid blend, neem and orange oils compared to a microbial toxin acaricide, milbemectin. Acaricide applications were conducted on eggplant leaves, and their effects were assessed 168 h post-treatment under controlled laboratory conditions (70±5% RH, 27±1°C, and a 16 h light: 8 h dark) during the 2023-2024 experimental period in Bursa Uludag University and Adana Biological Control Research Institute. According to the logistic regression analysis, the control, orange oil, neem oil, and terpenoid blend treatments exhibited a Type II functional response, while milbemectin resulted in a Type III response. The attack rate and handling time of A. swirskii were significantly affected by treatment type. The control group exhibited the highest attack rate (1.03 h⁻¹) and the longest handling time (0.0272 h). Botanical acaricides, orange oil (0.78 h⁻¹), neem oil (0.63 h⁻¹), and the terpenoid blend (0.68 h⁻¹), reduced the attack rate and shortened handling time. Milbemectin had the most adverse effects, resulting in the lowest attack rate (0.29 h⁻¹). These findings suggest that microemulsion formulations of botanical acaricides are less disruptive to A. swirskii than milbemectin and may be better suited for incorporation into integrated pest management (IPM).

Abstract BACKGROUNDThis study was conducted to develop and characterize Pickering emulsions stabilized by basil seed mucilage powder (BSMP), incorporating orange peel essential oil at two concentrations (2% and 4%), with the aim of determining their physicochemical properties, stability, and antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens.RESULTSThe recovery yield of BSMP from basil seeds was 8.55 g 100 g−1 and BSMP showed flake‐like structure with thin layers, high crystallinity, and glass transition temperature of 192.8 °C. Meanwhile, orange peel essential oil contained 93.247% d‐limonene and demonstrated bacteriostatic effects against different Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria despite being incapable of destroying them. The resulting Pickering emulsions, particularly at 4% oil concentration, showed excellent stability over 3 weeks with maintained nano‐sized particles (d10 of 138.87 nm) and highly negative zeta potential (−52.0 mV) while exhibiting enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogenic bacteria at lower concentrations compared to pure essential oils.CONCLUSIONThe findings indicate that BSMP‐stabilized Pickering emulsions containing orange peel essential oil serve as a viable natural preservation system for clean‐label food products, aiding in the advancement of sustainable, safe, and eco‐friendly food products. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Fabrication of whey protein isolate-peach gum complex coacervated microcapsules containing sweet orange essential oil and their application on fresh-cut pear preservation.

Abstract Within the scope of integrated management of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys , the compatibility of symbiotic control with other strategies must be evaluated to promote biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to assess the impact of antimicrobial substances, useful in symbiotic control of H. halys , on the egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus through the treatment of egg masses with fungicides (copper hydroxide, sulfur, sweet orange essential oil) and plant biostimulants (flavonoids and chestnut tannin extract), compared with one disinfectant for civil and industrial use (sodium hypochlorite/sodium hydrate/tetraborate decahydrate). Two tests were conducted: one involved exposing egg masses to T. japonicus , followed by treatment post-parasitism for a subset, and treatment after seven days post-parasitism for another subset to evaluate short/long-term effects based on treatment timing variation. Additionally, a choice test between treated and untreated egg masses was conducted to evaluate T. japonicus oviposition preference. Our results showed that all substances did not impact the emergence of parasitoids at both the treatment times, as well as on preference among treatments, choosing indifferently between all paired egg masses. The impact of these formulations should be further studied to assess their effect in the open field and confirm their sustainable use to manage H. halys proliferation.

Abstract Renewable fuel additives were selected as a solution to address the depletion of petroleum fossil fuels and associated environmental issues. Sweet orange peel oil (SOP) has a strong potential to be used as a fuel additive due to its unique characteristics resembling fuel oil. SOP contains 92.06% of limonene which has octane hyper-boosting characteristics. Limonene can enhance the research octane number (RON) beyond the octane rating of the primary fuel. This study aimed to understand the reported octane hyper-boosting effect of limonene by measuring RON and exhaust emissions through SI engines. Limonene was added to n-heptane as a representative of a low octane hydrocarbon in eight distinct volumetric concentrations (1-80%). The engine was tested at three different engine speeds (2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm). The RON test showed that limonene increased the RON of n-heptane from 0 to 91.5 (exceeding the original RON of limonene). The presence of limonene increased the bond stability of the fuel blends, thus preventing detonation. Furthermore, the exhaust emission test confirmed that carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased across all fuel formulations and engine speeds. Limonene has a high sensitivity that can inhibit the reaction of n-heptane and stimulate complete combustion. However, the rise in NOx is detected with an increase in the limonene concentration in the fuel blends, but the value is still below the minimum requirements. Overall, experimental investigation demonstrated that limonene is an effective alternative octane booster to reduce exhaust gas emissions.

A biorefinery approach for the simultaneous obtention of essential oils, organic acids and polyphenols from citrus peels: Phytochemical characterization and bioactive potential.

ABSTRACTThe growing demand for sustainable alternatives to plastic waste management has driven interest in the upcycling of expanded polystyrene (EPS) using bio‐based solvents. This study proposes a green method for dissolving EPS waste in orange essential oil (OEO), a citrus‐derived solvent rich in limonene, to develop functional polymeric coatings. The core objective was to optimize the formulation parameters—namely, the concentrations of EPS and OEO—to enhance the coatings' performance. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to model the influence of these variables on density, contact angle, viscosity, water vapor transmission rate (WVT), and minimum film formation temperature (MFFT). The analysis enabled the identification of an optimal formulation containing 1.02 g of EPS, and a 5.00 mL of OEO that maximized hydrophobicity while maintaining favorable film characteristics. The results demonstrate the viability of this strategy as a sustainable upcycling method, contributing to circular economic efforts by valorizing both plastic and agricultural waste. This work highlights the potential of green solvents and statistical optimization as key tools in the development of environmentally conscious polymeric materials.

This study offers a bimetallic MIL-88 B Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) derived carbon composite Co/Ferrite MOF namely Co/Fe@C that is synthesized through a solvothermal route followed by a simple thermal shock treatment and used as a Fenton-like source. The synthesized Co/Fe@C morphology and elemental analysis are characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Carbon based MOF demonstrated fascinating features as a Fenton source conducted in dark oxidation route. The material exposed a superior efficiency in treating various organic pollutants including basic (Malachite Green, MG) and acidic (Oil Orange SS, OOSS) dyes as a textile simulated effluent and tetracycline (TC) as a model pharmaceutical wastewater. The experimental results exhibited the optimum reaction conditions of 400mg/L for H2O2 for all contaminants oxidation and ranged from 10 to 40mg/L for Co/Fe@C catalyst at varied optimal pH values. Under optimal conditions, the Co/Fe@C catalyst achieved removal efficiencies reached to 100% for MG, 83% for OOSS, and 72% for TC within 30min. Furthermore, for potential full-scale application, the kinetic investigation is highlighted and the reaction is following the second kinetic order. Also, to assure catalyst sustainability, the Co/Fe@C substance is reused after recovery for seven oxidation cycles with a reasonable decline in its activity that reached to 57, 45 and 42% removals for MG, OOSS and TC, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism exploration indicated the active species involved oxidation process primarily affecting TC and OOSS oxidation is holes (h+) and MG is OH radicals.

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological process experienced by every woman, but it can be accompanied by various discomforts, both physical and psychological. In the third trimester, hormonal, physical, and emotional changes often trigger complaints such as anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and discomfort. These conditions, if not managed, can negatively impact the health of the mother and fetus, including increasing the risk of pregnancy complications. One non-pharmacological approach that is increasingly in demand to address these problems is aromatherapy, namely the use of essential oils from plants as a complementary therapy. Objective: This literature study aims to explore the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality in pregnant women, especially in the final trimester. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted by analyzing ten national journal articles published between 2014–2024. Articles were selected through a purposive sampling method based on the suitability of the topics with aromatherapy, pregnancy, anxiety, and sleep quality. Results: Most studies show that aromatherapy, especially with lavender, orange, and chamomile essential oils, has a positive effect in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality. The mechanism of action of aromatherapy is thought to involve stimulation of the limbic system in the brain via the olfactory pathway, which plays a role in regulating emotions, inducing relaxation, and reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. These effects help reduce tension and facilitate better sleep in pregnant women. Conclusion: Aromatherapy has been shown to be a safe, easy-to-implement, and effective complementary intervention for addressing anxiety and sleep disturbances in pregnancy. Healthcare providers, particularly midwives, are advised to integrate this therapy into holistic antenatal care to support the overall well-being of pregnant women.

Preserving dental and oral hygiene is essential to maintain the overall function of the oral cavity. Essential oil extracted from Pontianak orange peel shows potential as a safe and effective component for oral healthcare when incorporated into a mouthwash formulation. This research was conducted to evaluate the potential of Pontianak orange peel essential oil as an antibacterial mouthwash effective against Streptococcus mutans. The study was conducted by formulating mouthwash preparations using different concentrations of Pontianak orange peel essential oil: 3%, 4%, and 5%, followed by evaluation of physical properties including organoleptic characteristics, homogenity, pH level, sedimentation, specific gravity, and viscosity. The antibacterial properties were tested using the disc diffusion method.The physical evaluation results showed that the mouthwash had a sweet taste, green color, a citrus peel aroma with a hint of mint; it was homogeneous, with no sedimentation; had a pH value ranging from 5.13 ± 0.02 to 5.25 ± 0.02; specific gravity ranging from 0.9968 ± 0.06 to 1.0424 ± 0.00 g/ml; and viscosity ranging from 1.717 ± 0.02 to 1.920 ± 0.01mPa.s. All formulations met the physical property requirements of a good mouthwash to ensure comfort during use. The largest inhibition zone was observed at the highest essential oil concentration (5%), with a diameter of 8.04 ± 1.05 mm, which falls under the category of moderate antibacterial activity. This study indicates that a mouthwash containing 5% Pontianak orange peel essential oil is effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans.

Lornoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug belonging to the oxicam class. This study aimed to develop a niosomal gel containing orange oil for improving the anti-inflam-matory effect of lornoxicam. Lornoxicam-loaded niosomes (LOR-OR-NIO) were prepared using film hydration followed by the sonication method. Particle size, entrapment efficiency, and ex vivo permeation were all consid-ered during the optimization of the niosomal gels by employing the Box-Behnken design. Dermatoki-netics and in vivo anti-inflammatory studies were performed using male Wistar rats. The particle size, entrapment efficiency, and skin permeation ability of the optimized LOR-OR-NIO formulation were found to be 354.3 nm, 83.56 %, and 105.63 μg/cm2, respectively. The ex vivo studies indicated that the optimized LOR-OR-NIO gel demonstrated superior drug penetration properties (105.43 μg/cm2) compared to both the LOR-NIO gel (69.23 μg/cm2) and the LOR gel (35.34 μg/cm2). The activation energy values of LOR gel, LOR-NIO gel, and LOR-OR-NIO gel were 2.74 Kcal mol-1, 1.93 Kcal mol-1, and 0.94 Kcal mol-1, respectively. The lower activation energy of the LOR-OR-NIO gel contributed to more skin penetration of the drug. Dermatokinetics investigation demonstrated that the LOR-OR-NIO gel had superior pene-tration in the epidermal and dermal areas compared to the LOR gel. In vivo anti-inflammatory studies indicated that the LOR-OR-NIO gel exhibited greater edema inhibition compared to both the LOR-NIO gel and LOR gel. These results demonstrated the enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of the LOR-OR-NIO gel. The study concluded that orange oil enhanced skin permeability and influenced the derma-tokinetics of the LOR-OR-NIO gel, leading to an improvement in in vivo anti-inflammatory properties..

Physicochemical properties of orange oil emulsions prepared using pea protein-alginate conjugates assisted with lecithin.

Context:Dental caries remains a global health concern. While various prophylactic agents, including probiotics and other compounds, have been used, the search for effective natural solutions continues. Herbal products are valued for their anticariogenic properties. Mouthwashes help prevent bad breath, decay, and dry mouth. NaF rinse aids remineralization. This study explores the safety and efficacy of mango twigs, orange peel, and coconut oil as sustainable alternatives.Aim:This study aimed to compare the anticariogenic effects of sodium fluoride, xylitol, probiotics, and various herbal extracts on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.Materials and Methods:A microbiological assay assessed the zone of inhibition against S. mutans and L. acidophilus using 120 agar plates divided into six groups (20 plates/group), each further split into two subgroups (10 plates each), based on the bacteria smeared. The antibacterial effects of mango twig extract, orange peel extract, coconut oil, xylitol, probiotics and 0.2% sodium fluoride were tested. Each extract (50 μl) was inoculated, incubated at 37°C for 72 h, and inhibition zones measured.Statistical Analysis Used:Analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test was used for analysis.Results:Extracts from orange peel and mango twigs had notable antibacterial activity, unlike VCO, probiotics, and xylitol, which showed little to no effect.Conclusions:Within this study’s limits, ethanolic orange peel extract showed the strongest antimicrobial effect, followed by 0.2% NaF, mango twig extract, VCO, probiotics, and xylitol in decreasing order.

Aim: The present study was aimed with the formulation of herbal micro-sponge gel to improve protection against UV rays and also blocks the UVA, UVB, UVC radiation from the sun. Methods: Citrus sinensis (Family: Rutaceae) and Eucalyptus globulus oil (Family: Myrtaceae) were used for the UV protection activity. Extraction was performed using water by the hydro distillation method and screened for the presence of active components using phytochemical tests and GS-MS analysis. Six different herbal micro-sponge formulations were prepared using the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. By varying the polymer and drug ratios. The prepared herbal micro-sponges were evaluated for various parameters like particle size, Drug entrapment efficiency, % yield, SEM analysis, DSC analysis, and In vitro dissolution studies. From the above formulations, select the optimized formulation and incorporate it into gel. Here, the prepared herbal micro-sponge gel was evaluated for various parameters: pH, Viscosity, Spreadability, Drug content, In vitro diffusion studies, and in-vitro UV studies. Furthermore, for best formulation the skin irritation test was carried out in albino wistar rats model respectively were performed. A stability study was performed for the best formulation for 3 months. Results: The best formulation (F2) was selected based on various physical parameters. F2 showed the particle size ranging from 129.3 to 149μm and also a spherical in shape. The zeta potential was found to be -31mV. In-vitro drug release of orange peel oil is 96.24% and also eucalyptus oil is 90.66% at 9hrs. F2 formulation showed the first-order release kinetics, and it’s a sustained release. SPF was calculated using an In vitro UV spectroscopic method. The highest SPF value was found to be 46.03. This herbal micro-sponge sunscreen gel blocks the UVA, UVB, and UVC radiation. The F2 formulation was subjected to dermal irritation test, which showed no signs of erythema, skin irritation or redness at the end of the 24-hour observation period. Conclusion: Citrus sinesis and eucalyptus oil base microsponges loaded in carbopol gel exhibited sustained drug release and showed potential as a safe and effective formulation. Thus, the extract of Citrus sinesis and Eucalyptus oil could be a potential herbal drug for the treatment against UV radiation, and the developed formulation strategy poses a suitable formulation to treat patients, addressing the need for safe and effective treatment. This result indicated that formulation F2 herbal microsponge sunscreen gel showed the highest SPF value. This outcome suggests that F2 formulation is safe for topical applications.

Abstract Finding supplementary treatments with high sprout suppression efficacy is necessary for maintaining optimum potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber quality in storage. The objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), spearmint (Mentha viridis), and oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils (EOs) as sprout suppressor treatments and optimize their application methods. EOs were applied either thermally, using cv. Russet Burbank and cv. Ranger Russet tubers at different stages of dormancy, or applied via air-wicking method using mini tubers of cv. Russet Burbank. After the treatments, sprout growth of tubers was monitored and different tuber tissues were collected for biochemical analysis in the air-wicking study. Overall, thermal application of EOs was an effective method, and oregano EO exhibited higher efficacy for sprout control. When applied using an air-wick method, temporary sprout suppression until 6-weeks and lower reducing sugar content in bud tissues were observed with spearmint EO. Increase in chlorogenic acid content and activity of antioxidant enzyme was observed in primary bud tissues with oregano EO treatment, indicating a stress induction response. Overall, EO treatments impacted sugar metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, and secondary metabolites, which significantly influence the sprouting of potato tubers.

This research concentrated on developing and optimizing domperidone-loaded Self- nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to enhance solubility, stability, and availability. Domperidone (DOM), a lipophilic drug characterized by its limited solubility in water, was integrated into SNEDDS formulations utilizing a range of oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants. Solubility studies indicated that orange oil exhibited the highest solubility for DOM at (47.94 mg/mL ± 0.085) against oils, Cremophor EL among surfactants, and Transcutol HP against cosurfactants. The solubility enhancement can be attributed to the formation of nanoemulsions, which effectively diminish particle size and enhances surface area, leading to improved dissolution and accelerated absorption. The optimization of the formulation was conducted utilizing a pseudo-ternary phase diagram, twelve successful formulations were evaluated and characterized for self-emulsification, stability, and drug release. In-vitro characterization demonstrated that F1 formula (Orange oil+ Cremophor EL+ Transcutol HP) using (2:8, oil: S.mix ratio) released DOM at rates up to 3.7 times greater than those of commercial products. The rapid emulsification times, ranging from (13.75 ± 0.528 to 32.17 ± 1.193 seconds), consistent droplet sizes, and a low PDI (0.28 ± 0.03 to 0.68 ± 0.2) have significantly improved bioavailability

This community service activity aims to provide entrepreneurial education for children at the Brayat Pinuju Detusoko orphanage, teaching them to make Anti-Mosquito Aroma Therapy Candles (latany) using recycled candles and orange-peel waste. Used candles are made from basic materials, while orange peel waste serves as a source of natural aroma, acting as a repellent for mosquitoes and other insects. The process of making aroma therapy candles by melting used candles, adding orange peel waste, essential oils, eucalyptus oil, molto, food colouring and moulding candles using mini glass containers. The results obtained are that the aroma therapy candles produced have a strong aroma and can repel mosquitoes. As a more economical room freshener, because the litany container is glass, this candle can be used many times, and if the wick runs out, it can be replaced with a new wick and can be used again. And the candles produced have a fairly promising selling value for increasing income, both personally and in groups. Latany is a multi-function candle, as a candle for lighting, a room freshener, mosquito repellent. which is effective, efficient, friendly to health and has economic value.