Oral Microbiota Research Articles

Oral Dysbiosis Is Associated with the Pathogenesis of Aortic Valve Diseases

The involvement of oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of distant organs, such as the heart, lungs, brain, liver, and intestine, has been shown. We analyzed the distribution of bacterial species in the resected aortic valve by 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis and directly compared their gene sequences with those in the oral cavity. Thirty-two patients with aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation who underwent aortic valve replacement were enrolled in this study. Antibody titer against periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the patient’s serum was analyzed. The genetic background and distribution of bacterial species on subgingival plaque, the dorsal surface of the tongue, and the resected aortic valve were analyzed. Patients with aortic valve disease were shown to have more severe periodontal disease by the detection of antibodies against Socransky’s red-complex bacteria of periodontitis. Bacterial DNA was detected in the aortic valves of 12 out of 32 patients. The genomic sequences of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA in some bacteria isolated from the aortic valves of six patients who underwent metagenomic analysis were identical to those found in the oral cavity. The findings indicate that bacteria detected in the aortic valve may be introduced through oral dysbiosis, a condition characterized by an imbalance in the oral microbiota that increases the risk of periodontal disease and dental caries. Oral dysbiosis and the resulting potential bacteremia are associated with the pathogenesis of aortic valve diseases.

Culturomics: Deciphering the Microbial Dark Matter in the Oral Cavity.

The idea of the tree of life originated in the 19th century and has steadily evolved since then. In the last 20 y, high-throughput sequencing methods have revolutionized microbial ecology and expanded our understanding of this tree of life tremendously. However, this has led to a sharp increase in what is known as microbial dark matter, consisting of bacterial and archaeal taxa that are only known by sequencing and have not yet been cultivated. The lack of ecologic information about these species poses a major challenge. This has led to the need for other approaches to supplement the DNA sequence-based findings. The term "culturomics"-which describes the large-scale isolation, culture, and identification of species from an environment-was introduced in 2012 with a focus on the human gut microbiota. The cultivation of new species, which had been neglected for many years, is now firmly back in the spotlight since strains are required for experimental studies to complement the knowledge obtained from microbial DNA sequences. Laboratory culture is essential to gain knowledge of microbial physiology, assign functions to novel genes and proteins, identify resistance profiles, and better understand the impact of different microorganisms on human health. While many culturomics studies have focused on gut microbiota, significant progress has been made in oral microbiology, with the enrichment of Candidatus Nanosynbacter lyticus representing one of the greatest achievements. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the oral microbial community regarding the microbial dark matter and summarizes the work carried out to date on the oral microbiota using culturomics. The capability and challenges of metagenomics and culturomics and the potential use of artificial intelligence are examined, with insights from extensive culturomics research on gut microbiota, which promises applicability to the field of oral microbiology.

Tongue-coating microbiota as a predictive biomarker of washed microbiota transplantation efficacy in pediatric autism: integration with clinical features.

Alterations in both oral and gut microbiota have been identified in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the interaction between these microbiota and their potential to predict outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) remain poorly understood. This study investigated the structure and function of the tongue-coating microbiota in children with ASD and explored its correlation with ASD symptoms and gut microbiota. Germ-free ASD mice, colonized with healthy gut microbiota, and children with ASD treated with washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) were assessed for changes in autism symptoms and microbiota composition. Predictive models were also developed based on pre-treatment tongue-coating microbiota and clinical features to forecast WMT outcomes. Significant alterations were detected in the tongue-coating microbiota of children with ASD, with several bacterial species showing associations with ASD symptoms and gut microbiota composition. Following WMT, both mice and children exhibited substantial improvements in autism-related behaviors, alongside marked shifts in their gut and tongue-coating microbiota. A significant decrease in Haemophilus in the tongue-coating microbiota, which positively correlated with ASD severity, was observed. Additionally, a reduction in chemoheterotrophic and fermentation functions in the tongue-coating microbiota was identified. Predictive models utilizing pre-treatment tongue-coating microbiota and clinical data demonstrated comparable accuracy to those based on gut microbiota for forecasting WMT outcomes. These findings highlight a significant interaction between gut and tongue-coating microbiota in ASD, which may play a pivotal role in treatment outcomes. Predictive models integrating pre-treatment microbiota and clinical features could improve precision treatment strategies for children with ASD undergoing WMT.

Role of Oral Microbes in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Progression.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental biological process where epithelial cells lose their polarity and adhesion properties, acquiring mesenchymal characteristics such as enhanced migratory ability and invasiveness. Cells undergoing EMT exhibit enhanced motility, aggressiveness, and stemness, contributing to a pro-tumor environment that facilitates malignant metastasis in cancer. Numerous studies have suggested that oral microbes facilitate carcinogenesis through EMT. Oral microbes can directly initiate EMT by adhering to mucosal layers and provoking the disintegration of intercellular adhesion among epithelial cells, thereby modifying cell polarity and downstream signaling pathways. Indirectly, the microbial metabolites and associated compounds can affect the dynamics of EMT. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which oral microbes regulate EMT and thus contribute significantly to cancer. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the increased plasticity of cancer cells induced by the oral microbiota will facilitate the development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies.

Role of Oral Bacteria in Mediating Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer

Oral microbiota have been implicated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and may contribute to chemotherapy resistance. While previous studies attributed bacteria-induced resistance to indirect host modulation, recent findings suggest a direct mechanism. Escherichia coli expressing long-form cytidine deaminase (CDDL) can degrade gemcitabine, a chemotherapeutic agent, into a non-toxic form, leading to resistance. In contrast, bacteria carrying short form (CDDS) or lacking CDD did not induce resistance. This study investigates whether oral bacteria can cause gemcitabine resistance in PDAC cells through CDD-mediated degradation. Oral microbes associated with PDAC were selected based on CDD isoforms: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans carrying CDDL, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, all carrying CDDS, and Fusobacterium nucleatum lacking CDD. The selected microbes, along with wild-type and CDD-deficient E. coli, were co-incubated with gemcitabine to assess its degradation and PDAC cell proliferation. A. actinomycetemcomitans fully degraded gemcitabine and induced resistance. Surprisingly, CDDS-expressing oral bacteria partially degraded gemcitabine in a strain-dependent manner. Expressing either CDDL or CDDS in CDD-deficient E. coli resulted in equivalent gemcitabine degradation and resistance, indicating that CDD function is independent of isoform length. These findings highlight the role of oral bacteria in gemcitabine resistance and the need for strategies to mitigate microbial-driven resistance in PDAC treatment.

Oncoviruses in the Oral Cavity: Recent Advances in Understanding Viral Infections and Tumorigenesis

Oncoviruses, such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), have been widely discussed for their oncogenic risk. Initially, the oral cavity was disregarded. In recent years, orientation has shifted to the importance of the oral cavity and cancer-related issues via Handbook 19 titled “Oral Cancer Prevention” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the WHO Global Oral Health Status Report 2022, and multiple other actions focused on reducing the oversight of this neglected area. Oncoviruses play a significant role in oral cavity malignancies by establishing persistent infections, evading host immune responses, and inducing cellular transformation through the disruption of normal regulatory pathways. Molecular biology and microbiome research have advanced our understanding of the complex interplay between oncoviruses and oral microbiota, demonstrating how coinfections and dysbiosis can enhance viral oncogenic potential. These findings improve the understanding of virus-induced oral cancers and support the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This narrative review focuses on the relationship between oncoviruses and the oral cavity by focusing on how a specific virus triggers tumorigenesis for each of the described viruses and how it affects oral cavity cancer development. Finally, we describe recent advances and future perspectives including vaccines and/or treatment.

Characteristics and influencing factors of gut microbiota in population with sleep disorders

IntroductionThe integrated analysis of gut and oral microbiota and their metabolites helps elucidate key factors affecting sleep disorders in populations and provides research insights for understanding sleep regulation mechanisms.MethodsBased on a cross-sectional study design, this research combined 16S sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to investigate lifestyle habits and physical conditions of 165 adult male subjects, systematically examining characteristics of gut and oral microbiota and their metabolites.ResultsAnalysis of gut microbiota revealed significantly reduced microbial diversity in the insomnia group, with predominant phyla being Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the abundance of Blautia was significantly elevated. Gut metabolite analysis showed significant enrichment in metabolic pathways such as “phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis.” Regarding oral microbiota, no significant difference in diversity was observed between sleepless and normal groups. At the genus level, the sleepless group showed significantly decreased abundance of Streptococcus and increased abundance of Veillonella. Metabolite analysis indicated significant correlation between the sleepless group and metabolic pathways such as “pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.”DiscussionThis study compared differences in gut and oral microbiota and metabolites between sleepless and normal groups, identifying potential biomarkers for insomnia, including gut Blautia, aromatic amino acid metabolites, salivary Streptococcus and Veillonella, and pantothenate-related metabolites. These findings provide important multi-omics data for investigating the pathological mechanisms of insomnia. We have made changes according to the requirements, please adjust according to the standard.

Global Research Trends on the Links Between the Oral Microbiome and Cancer From 2014 to 2024: A Visualization Analysis.

In recent years, noteworthy connections have been discovered between human wellness and microbiota. This study aims to outline the hotspots and trends in the links between the oral microbiome and cancer over the past 10 years from a bibliometric perspective. Reports on original research and literature reviews on the relationship between the oral microbiome and cancer from 2014 to 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were utilized to display the research patterns. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 4638 relevant publications, of which 3450 research articles and 1188 reviews were examined. China and the United States have contributed greatly to the research on the relationship between the oral microbiota and cancer, most of which were published in Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, and International Journal of Molecular Sciences. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (107), Sichuan University (81), and Zhejiang University (79) are the most productive institutions. Zhou Xuedong, Hao Zhang, and Christian C. Abnet are the most recognized authors. Keyword co-occurrence revealed that the terms microbiome, oral microbiota, oral cancer, inflammatory diseases, probiotics, and dysbiosis are research hotspots in the past 10 years. The knowledge map provides a helpful visual representation of the main relevant topics in research conducted in the last 10 years on the relationship between the oral microbiome and cancer. The findings imply that oral squamous cell carcinoma, F. nucleatum, biomarkers, dysbiosis, and cancer treatment therapies have become popular topics in recent years.

Associations Between Dietary Habits, Oral Microbiota, and Dental Caries in Adolescents

Associations Between Dietary Habits, Oral Microbiota, and Dental Caries in Adolescents

Oral microbiome dysbiosis in women with a history of pregnancy loss: a metagenomic cross-sectional study

Pregnancy loss is a prevalent condition among women of reproductive age, significantly affecting fertility and psychological well-being. Despite advances in understanding the etiology of pregnancy loss, the role of the oral microbiome—its composition and metabolic activity—in influencing pregnancy outcomes remains underexplored. Previous studies have suggested that imbalances in the microbiota may contribute to adverse health outcomes, but few have investigated its association with pregnancy loss specifically. A total of 182 women of childbearing age were recruited for this study and divided into two groups: those with a history of pregnancy loss (n = 70) and a control group with no history of adverse pregnancy outcomes (n = 112). Clinical data and buccal mucosa samples were collected for metagenomic analysis. The inclusion of participants was based on their reproductive history, with particular attention to selecting women with at least one confirmed pregnancy loss and those with at least one successful live birth to serve as controls. The oral microbiota of women in the pregnancy loss group exhibited significantly lower richness and diversity compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Notably, specific genera such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Bacteroides were positively correlated with pregnancy loss, whereas Pseudomonas and Leptotrichia were correlated with it. These findings suggest a potential microbial dysbiosis associated with pregnancy loss. Our study identifies significant oral microbiota dysbiosis in women with pregnancy loss, characterized by reduced diversity and altered metabolic pathways. These findings underscore the potential role of oral microbial imbalance in adverse pregnancy outcomes. While our cross-sectional design and sample heterogeneity limit causal inference, they highlight the need for longitudinal cohorts and mechanistic studies. Future research integrating multi-niche microbiome profiling (e.g., gut and vaginal microbiota) is essential to unravel systemic interactions and advance targeted interventions for reproductive health.

The Effect of Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4717 on Oral Health and Biosafety

Oral diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries, as well as conditions related to oral health such as halitosis, are closely associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiota and continue to pose significant public health challenges worldwide. With the increasing resistance to existing antibiotics and side effects of chemical disinfectants, probiotics have emerged as promising alternatives for oral healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate the oral health efficacy and probiotic properties of Limosilactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) MG4717 isolated from the human oral cavity. L. fermentum MG4717 showed notable antimicrobial activity against the key oral pathogens Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and effectively inhibited biofilm formation. Additionally, L. fermentum MG4717 significantly downregulated methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) mRNA expression in P. gingivalis, which is implicated in halitosis and pathogenicity. L. fermentum MG4717 strongly adhered to the KB and HT-29 epithelial cells and exhibited good resilience under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis confirmed strain identity (98.73% average nucleotide identity with L. fermentum DSM20052) and the absence of transferable antibiotic resistance genes. Safety assessments revealed no cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, or bile salt hydrolase activity. These findings suggest that L. fermentum MG4717 has the potential to be used as a safe and effective oral probiotic beneficial for oral health.

Effectiveness of Probiotics in Managing Oral Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract Aim: Halitosis, characterized by volatile sulfur compound (VSC) production, is a prevalent oral health concern affecting 31.8% of the global population. Conventional treatments such as chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes offer temporary relief, but probiotics have emerged as a promising biological therapy by modulating oral microbiota. We aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of probiotic monotherapy in reducing halitosis-related VSC levels and organoleptic test (OLT) scores in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Materials and Methods: A comprehensive database search (PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and gray literature) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The review protocol was prospectively registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF). Only RCTs comparing probiotics to placebo in systemically and periodontally healthy adults were included. Primary outcomes were changes in VSC levels and OLT scores, assessed using halimeters, Oral Chroma devices, or OLT evaluation. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Results: Six RCTs (n = 360 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Five studies demonstrated significant VSC reduction after probiotic intervention (P &lt; 0.05). Three studies reported OLT score improvements, particularly with Streptococcus salivarius K12 and Weissella cibaria. Four studies confirmed microbiome alterations, with the effects of probiotics persisting post-treatment. No serious adverse effects were reported. Conclusion: Probiotics significantly reduce VSC levels, improve OLT scores, and modulate the growth of oral microbiota. However, the heterogeneity of studies and limited long-term follow-up hinder clinical translation. Larger, standardized trials are essential for establishing the clinical efficacy. Probiotics present a safe adjunct therapy for halitosis management. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, specific strain efficacy, and microbiome-targeted interventions.

Reviewing the Role of Oral Microbiota in Cognitive Impairment from Microbiota Homeostasis and Pathogenic Bacteria

Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of various neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, an increasing body of research has focused on the relationship between oral microbiota and cognitive impairment. This review aims to explore the microbial homeostasis of oral microbiota and its interactions and mechanisms with the host, as well as the impact of specific pathogenic bacteria on cognitive function. By summarizing existing studies, this review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis, risk assessment, and early intervention and treatment strategies for cognitive impairment.

Reintroduction training is instrumental in restoring the oral microbiota of giant pandas from “captivity” to “wildness”

Reintroduction programs aim to restore wild populations, yet success is challenged by host microbiome adaptation to natural environments. Here, we characterized the oral microbiota of giant pandas undergoing pre-release training, comparing them to captive and wild conspecifics, to assess training-induced microbial shifts. We found that after one year of reintroduction training, multi-generational captive giant pandas exhibited increased oral microbiome diversity, with community structure, composition, and predicted functions converging toward wild-type profiles. Adaptive changes included reduced relative abundances of Actinobacillus and Bergeyella, and enrichment of Myroides and Psychrobacter. Functionally, these shifts correlated with decreased starch and sucrose, fructose and mannose, and various lipid metabolism pathways, alongside enhanced methane and galactose metabolism which align with the dietary constraints of a singular food source in the wild environment. Our study demonstrates that pre-release training drives oral microbiota convergence toward wild phenotypes, underscoring microbial adaptation as critical for successful captive-to-wild transitions in endangered species.

Variations in salivary microbiota and metabolic phenotype related to oral lichen planus with psychiatric symptoms

BackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa with a certain tendency for malignant transformation. The etiology and pathogenesis of OLP remain unclear, and the relationship between psychiatric factors and the development of OLP has attracted much attention in recent years. This study aims to investigate the alterations in oral microbiota and metabolites in OLP patients with psychiatric symptoms, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of OLP.Methods16S rRNA sequencing was used to evaluate the oral microbial population in a cohort of 105 OLP patients. To further investigate the potential interaction between OLP and psychiatric factors, saliva samples from 64 depressed/anxious OLP patients (D-OLP) and their age-matched healthy controls were selected for 16S rRNA sequencing. The salivary metabolome was also characterized by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).ResultsThe results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that significant differences in species classification between OLP patients and healthy controls. The D-OLP group displayed an increased abundance of Pseudomonas as well as dysregulation of associated metabolism activities. Correlation analysis showed that the altered metabolites were involved in the metabolic pathways related to the oral-microbiome-brain axis and affected various physiological processes such as neurotransmitter transmission and oxidative stress, promoting epithelial inflammatory activation and immune responses. These changes ultimately lead to the destruction of the original oral mucosal homeostasis.ConclusionsPsychiatric factors may promote mucosal inflammatory responses through dysbiosis of the microbiota. The dysregulated oral microbiome-related metabolites may significantly affect the pathogenesis of the oral-brain axis in OLP patients.This study provides valuable insights into potential future modalities for elucidating the pathogenesis of OLP, offering a foundation for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.

Human calculus adhesive-induced periodontitis model recapitulating human periodontitis microbiota in rats

BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by oral dysbiosis. Current animal models of periodontitis using ligation and pathogen inoculation are time-consuming and do not reflect the chronic characteristics of human periodontitis. One of the significant differences is the difference between the current experimental animal periodontitis microbiome and human periodontitis microbiome. This study aims to establish a humanized rat model that mimics clinical conditions and approximates the microbial causes of human periodontitis.MethodsThe human calculus adhesive-induced periodontitis (hCAP) was established by transplanting subgingival dental calculus from periodontitis patients to the subgingival surface of rats using universal adhesive. The study performed stereomicroscopy, micro-CT analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and 16s rDNA sequencing.ResultsThe hCAP group showed significant alveolar bone loss and osteoclast formation. The inflammatory factors in gingiva and serum were dramatically increased compared to the placebo rats, revealed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The oral microbiota of the hCAP group was found to be more similar to that of patients compared with ligation with Porphyromonas gingivalis model, with enhanced colonization of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum and Prevotella intermedia. The hCAP model also detected pathogenic bacteria of systemic diseases as shown in 16s rDNA sequencing.ConclusionsThe hCAP model mimics clinical conditions, approximates the microbial causes of human periodontitis and preserve bacteria responsible for systemic diseases in the gingival area of rats. The hCAP model may help in understanding the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases.

Microbial hallmarks of the respiratory tract in lung cancer: a meta-analysis

IntroductionLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths and has been associated with the microbiota of the human respiratory tract. However, the optimal sample type for studying the role of microbiota in lung cancer and the microbial hallmarks of lung cancer patients remain unclear. MethodsIn this study, we downloaded 16S rRNA sequencing data of 1,105 high-quality samples from 13 BioProjects, including lung tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, and saliva, and performed a meta-analysis. ResultsOur results revealed that the BAL microbiota, dominated by taxa such as Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas, which are not typically abundant in the oral microbiota, served as hallmarks of individuals without lung cancer. In contrast, BAL samples from lung cancer patients showed higher relative abundances of oral-associated taxa, e.g., Streptococcus and Prevotella, with increased rates of dominance by these taxa in the BAL microbiota of lung cancer patients. Additionally, beta diversity analysis revealed significant compositional differences between the BAL microbiota of healthy individuals and those with lung cancer. Furthermore, while compositional differences were observed in the oral microbiota between healthy participants and lung cancer patients, as well as between microbiota from lung tumors and normal adjacent tissues, these differences were less pronounced than those observed in the BAL samples between healthy individuals and lung cancer patients. Cross-site correlations indicated limited associations between the relative abundances of taxa in the oral, BAL, and lung tissue microbiota, implying that differences in lower respiratory microbiota may not be directly driven by upper respiratory tract microbiota. DiscussionThese findings highlight distinct microbial patterns linked to lung cancer in the respiratory tract. More pronounced differences were observed in the BAL microbiota between healthy individuals and lung cancer patients, with the predominance of taxa, typically not abundant in the oral microbiota, serving as hallmarks of health.

Integrative analyses of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics demonstrate significant roles for the oral microbiota and serum metabolites in post-kidney transplant diabetes mellitus.

Oral microbiota and serum metabolites play crucial roles in diabetes, but their relationship with post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), a common complication post-kidney transplantation, is not well characterized. This study investigated the relationship of oral microbiota and serum metabolites with PTDM using integrative analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics. We recruited 61 kidney transplant recipients, including 30 in the PTDM group and 31 in normal glucose tolerance controls. Oral samples and serum samples were collected from all the kidney transplant patients to perform 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics analysis. We annotated 689 oral microbial species, including 134 species unique to the PTDM group and 157 species unique to the control group. PTDM group showed upregulation of 36 metabolites and downregulation of 19 metabolites. Based on the random forest machine learning algorithm, genera such as UCG-005 (AUC = 0.9355), Succinivibrio (AUC = 0.8108); Akkermansia (AUC = 0.7742), Anaerovibrio (AUC = 0.2667), and Schwartzia (AUC = 0.2667), and serum metabolites such as LPI 18:0 (AUC: 0.8086), methylglyoxal (AUC: 0.7946), Vulgarin (AUC: 0.7828), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (AUC: 0.7591), and PI(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) (AUC: 0.7419) showed high diagnostic potential and may serve as clinical biomarkers. Furthermore, clinical indicators in PTDM patients, such as creatinine, cystatin C, and urea, showed a significant association with the differential oral microbiota and serum metabolites. Dysbiosis in the oral microbiota of the PTDM patients was associated with changes in the serum metabolites and alterations in their functions. These findings provide new insights toward identifying mechanisms by which oral microbiota and serum metabolites contribute to the development of PTDM.IMPORTANCEThis study reveals an imbalance in oral microbiota in patients with post-transplant diabetes and uncovers the potential relationship between oral microbiota and serum metabolites. These findings provide new insights into the role of oral microbiota and serum metabolites in the treatment of post-transplant diabetes, offering relevant biomarkers for clinicians and future research.

Oral microbiota profile is related to cognitive status in centenarians: a clinical and biological study.

A growing body of evidence supports the potential role of the oral microbiota in influencing cognitive function. Centenarians, at the extreme end of the lifespan, are the ideal cohort to study the long-term effects of inflammaging. Twenty-three centenarians were examined by a neurologist, neuropsychologist and dentist to assess cognitive status and oral health. They were also profiled for oral microbiota and inflammasome. We found less alpha diversity in the oral microbiota of participants with dementia and an overall depletion of typical oral commensals, including Alloprevotella, Prevotella, Veillonella, Fusobacterium and Leptotrichia. The latter two were also underrepresented in edentulous compared with dentate subjects. Moreover, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines tended to be higher in participants with dementia. Our data support a relationship between oral microbiota, cognitive status and inflammation, which deserves further exploration to counteract cognitive decline while promoting healthy aging.

Artesunate ameliorates diabetic xerostomia in rats through regulating oral microbiota and metabolic profile in salivary gland based on NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Artesunate ameliorates diabetic xerostomia in rats through regulating oral microbiota and metabolic profile in salivary gland based on NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.