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  • Photoactive Materials
  • Photoactive Materials

Articles published on Optoelectronic materials

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  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.7498/aps.75.20251347
High-pressure structural stability and photoelectric properties of the viologen metal complex {[Co(BPYBDC)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]∙(BDC)∙H<sub>2</sub>O}
  • Jan 1, 2026
  • Acta Physica Sinica
  • Wang Hechong + 8 more

Photodetectors play an essential role in optical communications, environmental monitoring, and medical imaging, and their performance strongly depends on the properties of the optoelectronic materials. Therefore, the exploration of high-performance optoelectronic materials has long been a research focus in the field of materials science. Viologen-based organic materials, owing to their unique redox and chromic characteristics, have been extensively utilized in electrochromic devices, biosensors, and flow batteries. In this work, a viologen complex containing the transition metal element Co, {[Co(BPYBDC) (H<sub>2</sub>O)5]·(BDC)·H<sub>2</sub>O} (denoted as 1-Co) was designed and successfully synthesized. A series of in-situ high-pressure characterization techniques were employed to systematically investigate its structural and optoelectronic behaviors. The results reveal that 1-Co crystallizes in the <i>Pc</i> space group and remains structurally stable up to 11.6 GPa without any phase transition. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy shows a red-shift of the absorption edge upon compression, accompanied by a color change from colorless and transparent to yellow, indicating a pressure-induced narrowing of the optical bandgap. Consistent with the bandgap narrowing, impedance measurements demonstrate a significant reduction in the total resistance under compression, which remains about two orders of magnitude lower than the initial value after decompression. Furthermore, the photocurrent response is markedly suppressed under compression and barely recovers upon pressure release. This behavior can be attributed to the enhanced recombination of electrons with viologen groups under compression, leading to the formation of stable viologen radical states. These localized radicals cannot effectively participate in the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers, thereby contributing little to the photocurrent. These findings suggest that high pressure effectively modulates the optical and electrical behaviors of 1-Co by tuning intermolecular interactions and the electronic band structure, providing valuable insights into the pressure-dependent behavior of viologen-based materials.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1039/d5cs00684h
Chirality amplification in semiconductors for advanced optoelectronics.
  • Jan 1, 2026
  • Chemical Society reviews
  • Jaeyong Ahn + 6 more

Because circularly polarized light (CPL) uniquely carries spin-selective information, chiral optoelectronics offer a powerful platform for developing high-efficiency, spin-based optical devices and driving next-generation photonic technologies. Intrinsically chiral semiconductors can absorb or emit CPL through light-matter interactions, positioning them as highly attractive active materials for advanced optoelectronics. However, their weak chiroptical activities often hinder practical implementation. To address this challenge, researchers have explored a range of strategies aimed at enhancing chiroptical performance. Recent advances in molecular design, processing techniques, and device engineering have led to significant improvements in the chiroptical properties of these materials. This review summarizes recent progress in chirality amplification strategies for semiconductors in advanced optoelectronics. Intrinsically chiral semiconductors are classified into three groups: organic semiconductors, metal-organic materials, and chiral hybrid perovskites. Furthermore, strategies for enhancing chiroptical signal output in chiral optoelectronic devices are discussed, supported by relevant theoretical frameworks. These advancements establish a solid foundation for the development of high-performance chiral optoelectronic devices, paving the way for future innovations in photonic technology.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.7498/aps.74.20251180
Electronic structure and optical property regulation of two-dimensional monolayer FeGa<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>
  • Jan 1, 2026
  • Acta Physica Sinica
  • Rui Song + 6 more

This study aims to explore two-dimensional semiconductor materials with superior carrier transport properties to meet the growing demands of high-speed electronics and optoelectronic devices, focusing on evaluating the feasibility of monolayer FeGa<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> as a candidate material through systematic theoretical investigations. First-principles calculations are used to analyze the exfoliation energy of FeGa<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> bulk crystal, as well as the structural stability, mechanical properties, and strain-dependent optoelectronic behavior of its monolayer counterpart. Strain engineering strategies, including uniaxial and biaxial strain, are used to assess carrier mobility modulation and spectral response. Our calculation results indicate that monolayer FeGa<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> is an indirect bandgap semiconductor (<i>E</i><sub>g</sub> = 1.65 eV) with low stiffness (Young’s modulus up to 151.6 GPa) and high flexibility (Poisson’s ratio less than 0.25), demonstrating exceptional thermodynamic stability. Under +5% uniaxial tensile strain, its electron mobilities along <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> directions dramatically increases to 5402.4 cm<sup>2</sup>·V<sup>–1</sup>·s<sup>–1</sup> and 4164.0 cm<sup>2</sup>·V<sup>–1</sup>·s<sup>–1</sup>, fivefold higher than its hole mobility. Biaxial strain outperforms uniaxial strain in bandgap modulation and induces a systematic redshift in optical spectra, significantly enhancing visible-light harvesting efficiency. This work reveals that monolayer FeGa<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> is a promising high-mobility photoactive material for next-generation solar cells and optoelectronics. The strain-mediated control of electronic and optical properties provides a theoretical framework for optimizing 2D semiconductors and critical guidance for experimental synthesis and device engineering. These findings highlight the potential of materials in advancing energy conversion technology and photonic applications.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 1
  • 10.1016/j.jmgm.2025.109227
Density functional modelling of lead-free Sn-based AmSnX3 (Am=Rb, Cs; X=Cl, Br, I) perovskites as sustainable materials for optoelectronics and solar cell applications.
  • Jan 1, 2026
  • Journal of molecular graphics & modelling
  • Zia Ur Rehman + 5 more

Density functional modelling of lead-free Sn-based AmSnX3 (Am=Rb, Cs; X=Cl, Br, I) perovskites as sustainable materials for optoelectronics and solar cell applications.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1039/d5sc07488f
A hydrogen-bonded organic framework possessing one-dimensional wide channels surrounded by the naphthalenediimide plane.
  • Jan 1, 2026
  • Chemical science
  • Yuzuki Murata + 7 more

π-Conjugated molecule-based porous organic frameworks that possess both one-dimensionally π-stacked columnar domains and pore channels surrounded by the π-conjugated surface are a sophisticated platform for optoelectronic materials responsive to chemical stimuli. In this paper, we report a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) with a wide inclusion channel whose surfaces are composed of the π-conjugated plane of naphthalenediimide (NDI). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area was determined to be 1410 m2 g-1. Slip-stacking of a hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional network composed of tetracarboxylic acid NDITA with an NDI core provides both electron-conductive π-stacked NDI domains and pore channels surrounded by the NDI surface. Since aromatic solvents can come into contact with the NDI moieties in the pores, the HOF exhibits solvent-dependent photophysical behaviors. In particular, inclusion of dimethoxybenzene (DMB) into the pores enhances charge-transfer interactions, resulting in significant changes in absorption and emission spectra as well as electron conductivity.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1039/d5sc05749c
A unified active learning framework for photosensitizer design.
  • Jan 1, 2026
  • Chemical science
  • Yizhe Chen + 9 more

The design of high-performance photosensitizers for next-generation photovoltaic and clean energy applications remains a formidable challenge due to the vast chemical space, competing photophysical trade-offs, and computational limitations of traditional quantum chemistry methods. While machine learning offers potential solutions, existing approaches suffer from data scarcity and inefficient exploration of molecular configurations. This work introduces a unified active learning framework that systematically integrates semi-empirical quantum calculations with adaptive molecular screening strategies to accelerate photosensitizer discovery. Our methodology combines three principal components: (1) A hybrid quantum mechanics/machine learning pipeline generating a chemically diverse molecular dataset while maintaining quantum chemical accuracy at significantly reduced computational costs; (2) a graph neural network architecture and uncertainty quantification; (3) Novel acquisition strategies that dynamically balance broad chemical space exploration with targeted optimization of photophysical objectives. The framework demonstrates superior performance in predicting critical energy levels (T 1/S 1) compared to conventional screening approaches, while effectively prioritizing synthetically feasible candidates. By open-sourcing both the curated molecular dataset and implementation tools, this work establishes an extensible platform for data-driven discovery of optoelectronic materials, with immediate applications in solar energy conversion and beyond.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.7498/aps.75.20251050
Mechanisms of Γ -L Intervalley Carrier Transportation and Direct Gap Radiative Recombination in GeSn Alloys
  • Jan 1, 2026
  • Acta Physica Sinica
  • Huang Shihao + 5 more

GeSn alloy, as a novel silicon-based optoelectronic material, demonstrates significant application potential in the field of infrared photonics due to its tunable bandgap properties and compatibility with silicon-based CMOS processes. Although the experimental performance of GeSn lasers under low-temperature conditions has been preliminarily validated, the optimization and practical application of this device still face challenges such as insufficient understanding of material properties. This paper addresses issues such as the unclear carrier dynamics mechanisms in GeSn alloy applications in infrared photonics. A theoretical model incorporating band parameters, non-equilibrium carrier transport, and radiative recombination have been proposed to systematically investigate the mechanism by which thermal excitation and phonon-assisted processes influence the direct-band spontaneous emission in GeSn alloys under variable temperature conditions. Results indicate that the carrier transfer process between the <i>Γ</i>CBM and <i>L</i>CBM energy bands of GeSn alloys exhibits significant composition dependence: for low-Sn-content GeSn alloys with Sn content below 10%, temperature-induced <i>L</i>CBM→<i>Γ</i>CBM electron transfer dominates, leading to an increase in direct band emission efficiency with rising temperature; whereas in high-Sn-content GeSn alloys with Sn content between 10% and 20%, the <i>Γ</i>CBM→<i>L</i>CBM electron escape process is more pronounced, resulting in a decrease in direct band emission efficiency with rising temperature. A modified Arrhenius modeling of the carrier dynamics competition further indicates that thermal excitation and phonon scattering synergistically regulate electron transfer between <i>Γ</i>CBM and <i>L</i>CBM. Analysis based on the modified Arrhenius model further demonstrates that both thermal excitation and phonon-assisted processes promote the injection and escape of electrons in the <i>Γ</i>CBM valley, serving as key factors in modulating the radiative recombination efficiency at the direct bandgap of GeSn alloys. The red shift of the peak position in the spontaneous emission spectrum of GeSn alloys primarily originates from the bandgap contraction effect; simultaneously, phonon-assisted processes reduce the dispersion of carrier energy distributions, leading to a pronounced narrowing effect in the direct band emission spectrum. Quantitative findings further elucidate the mechanism by which thermal excitation and phonon-assisted processes influence direct bandgap luminescence in GeSn alloys, offering theoretical guidance for performance regulation in infrared optoelectronic devices.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1039/d5sc06095h
Regulation and mechanisms of full-visible-spectrum emission in solid and liquid states for D-π-A cyanobenzene-phenothiazine fluorescent molecules.
  • Jan 1, 2026
  • Chemical science
  • Wen-Hao Li + 8 more

The precise modulation of photophysical properties and elucidation of fluorescence mechanisms are paramount challenges for organic optoelectronic materials. Herein, we present a strategy for achieving robust fluorescence tuning from blue (462 nm) to near-infrared (677 nm) by accurately positioning electron-withdrawing groups relative to phenothiazine donors in cyanobenzene-phenothiazine derivatives, as well as adjusting molecular conformations, noncovalent interactions, and the interplays of aggregation behaviors. Crystallographic analysis and theoretical calculations revealed that 4-phenothiazino-isophthaliconitrile (4-PTZIPN) achieves both the highest solid-state fluorescence quantum yield (39.7%) and the longest fluorescence lifetime (1.26 µs) among the series, which is attributed to J-aggregation sustained by multiple intermolecular interactions. The conformation and rigidified non-canonical J-aggregation suppressed non-radiative decay pathways, leading to a significant increase in the quantum yield of 2,4,6-triphenothiazinobenzonitrile (1CN3PTZ) and a substantial extension of its fluorescence lifetime from 761.47 ns in the solid-state to 1.10 µs. Notably, 2,4,6-triphenothiazino-isophthaliconitrile (2CN3PTZ) demonstrates a pronounced bathochromic shift to 677 nm, driven by its helical columnar packing, which is orchestrated by cooperative π-π, dipole-dipole, and C-H⋯S interactions. This work not only elucidated the structure-photophysical relationships within the cyano-phenothiazine system but also provided a conformation-aggregation dual regulation strategy for the design of innovative organic optoelectronic materials through molecular engineering.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1002/cjoc.70430
Coupling Catalyst Planarization and Built‐in Electric Fields Enhancement by Ringexpansion of Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Boosting Charge Migration in C(sp 3 )‐H Phosphorylation
  • Dec 29, 2025
  • Chinese Journal of Chemistry
  • Tianyu Long + 8 more

Comprehensive Summary Minimizing energy dissipation during charge transfer is essential for constructing efficient photocatalysts. However, the inherent steric constraints within building blocks inevitably induce torsional distortions in the photocatalyst framework, thereby impeding efficient charge migration. To address this, catalyst ring expansion was proposed to enhance catalytic performance. Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) were synthesized using [2,2']‐bithiophene‐5,5'‐dicarbaldehyde (donor) and formyl positional isomers (1,3‐ or 1,4‐diacetylbenzene linkers). Structural characterization revealed that compared to m ‐SSCMP (1,3‐linker), p ‐SSCMP constructed with the 1,4‐linker exhibits an expanded cyclic architecture, increased intramolecular D‐A configurations and a reduced phenyl‐pyridine dihedral angle. These structural modifications significantly accelerated charge migration efficiency. As a result, the optimized catalysts facilitated efficient C(sp 3 )‐H phosphorylation reactions, offering a sustainable strategy for introducing phosphoryl groups into optoelectronic materials and bioactive molecules. Importantly, correlation between monomer structure and catalyst charge migration efficiency was established, providing molecular‐level insights for the design of polymeric photocatalysts.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5c03787
Ultrafast Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in Covalent Boron-Dipyrromethene Dimers Modulated by Coulombic and Charge Transfer Coupling.
  • Dec 29, 2025
  • The journal of physical chemistry letters
  • Hao Zhang + 8 more

To mimic the light capture and charge generation in natural light-harvesting systems, photoinduced symmetry-breaking charge separation (SBCS) in various multichromophoric systems has been widely investigated. Yet, the thermodynamic and kinetic constraints of SBCS hinder its further development and application. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the SBCS mechanism is still needed. Herein, photoinduced dynamics in a series of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dimers were investigated by femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Two key criteria pertinent for ultrafast SBCS are unveiled: limited excitonic coupling and effective charge transfer (CT) coupling in excited-state geometry. The former establishes the thermodynamic foundation for SBCS, making the process thermodynamically feasible. Once this feasibility is established, enhancing CT coupling becomes critical as it enables the effective coupling between the environmental fluctuations (such as intramolecular nuclear motion and solvation) and CS reaction, which drives SBCS on a picosecond time scale. Our work highlights the ultrafast SBCS mechanism in multichromophoric systems, suggests the factors responsible for the ultrafast and complete CS, and thereby establishes a potential strategy for the design of optoelectronic materials.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1002/anie.202516206
Semiconducting Borophene Realized via Hydrogenation-Driven Structural Reconstruction.
  • Dec 26, 2025
  • Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
  • Meiling Xu + 8 more

Hydrogenation provides a robust approach to both dramatically improve borophene's ambient stability and induce semiconducting behavior-two essential requirements for its integration into nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the vast configurational diversity of hydrogen adsorption patterns impedes the identification of a definitive semiconducting hydrogenated borophene phase. In this work, we conducted systematic high-throughput searches to investigate various hydrogen coverages on α'-borophene and determined that semi-hydrogenated configurations constitute the most promising semiconducting candidates. Guided by these predictions, we synthesized semi-hydrogenated borophene, α'-B8H4 via chemical vapor deposition. Subsequent extensive structural characterization and complementary computational simulations provided compelling evidence for the formation of this stable semiconducting phase. In sharp contrast to the previously proposed α'-4H model, the synthesized α'-B8H4 undergoes hydrogenation-induced structural reconstruction-stabilized by both two-center-two-electron B-H and three-center-two-electron B─H─B bonds-whose ensuing out-of-plane buckling drives strong hybridization between in-plane and out-of-plane p orbitals, thereby opening a band gap. This combined theoretical and experimental study identifies an air-stable semiconducting borophene and paves the way for borophenes as next-generation electronic and optoelectronic materials.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.3390/molecules31010076
Solvent-Mediated Control of Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer in 7-(Diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylic Acid.
  • Dec 24, 2025
  • Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
  • Xilin Bai + 6 more

Understanding the influence of solvent environments on the excited-state charge transfer process remains a fundamental question in molecular photophysics and photochemistry. While twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) is crucial in determining fluorescence efficiency and photostability, the combined effects of solvent polarity and hydrogen bonding interactions are still elusive. Here, we employ steady-state and femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the excited-state dynamics of 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7-DCCA) in different solvents. Our findings reveal that in highly polar solvents with strong hydrogen-donating and hydrogen-accepting capabilities, 7-DCCA undergoes significant TICT formation, resulting in fluorescence quenching. Conversely, in environments with low polarity or weak hydrogen-bonding interactions, this transformation is largely suppressed. Quantitative correlation analysis utilizing the Kamlet-Taft and Catalán four-parameter models further elucidates the synergistic role of solvent polarity and specific hydrogen-bonding parameters in modulating the steady-state spectral behavior of 7-DCCA. This study provides microscopic insights into solvent-charge transfer interactions and establishes a general framework for enhancing the luminescence efficiency and structural robustness of organic optoelectronic materials through strategic solvent engineering.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1021/acsami.5c19698
I-Br Ordered DMAPbI3-xBrx Crystal Intermediates Enabling High-Quality CsPbI3-xBrx Inorganic Perovskite Thin Films in Solar Cells.
  • Dec 22, 2025
  • ACS applied materials & interfaces
  • Yuhuan Lin + 8 more

Cesium-based all-inorganic lead-halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl) have emerged as highly promising optoelectronic materials with a wide bandgap, which are commonly utilized in tandem solar cells. However, the I-Br hybrid CsPbI3-xBrx perovskites still face stability issues such as halide segregation-induced phase transition and decomposition under ultraviolet or high-temperature conditions. We synthesize a series of single crystals DMAPbI3-xBrx (x = 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6), featuring an I-Br ordered distribution. By introducing the crystal intermediate into the perovskite precursor, we successfully obtained high-quality CsPbI3-xBrx thin films, exhibiting high stabilities and low trap state density. The formation kinetics of the high-quality perovskite thin films are in situ studied and the possible reaction mechanisms are proposed. Benefiting from this approach, the solar cells have an improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and significantly enhanced thermal stability. This method is proven to be feasible and innovatively offers a new strategy for the continuous development of mixed-halide perovskite solar cells.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.3390/molecules31010002
Connectivity Effect on Electronic Properties of Azulene–Tetraazapyrene Triads
  • Dec 19, 2025
  • Molecules
  • Xinyi Liu + 6 more

Azulene-based chromophores are of growing interest due to their unique electronic structures and potential applications as pH-responsive optical materials. In this study, a series of azulene–1,3,6,8-tetraazapyrene (TAP) triads were successfully synthesized and characterized to systematically explore how connectivity between the TAP and azulene units influences their optical and redox properties. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements clearly show that the electronic properties depend heavily on the connectivity pattern, as the effective π-conjugation and molecular planarity vary considerably in triads. Remarkably, triads A22 and A26, in which the TAP core is directly connected through the electron-rich five-membered ring, exhibit enhanced π-conjugation and pronounced color changes upon protonation. In contrast, A66, linked via the electron-deficient seven-membered ring, reveals weaker π-conjugation and less pronounced pH-responsiveness. These experimental findings are further supported by DFT calculations. This comprehensive structure–property relationship study provides valuable insights for the rational design of advanced optoelectronic and stimuli-responsive materials.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1063/5.0298915
Unlocking the optoelectronic potential of AGeX3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; X = S, Se): A sustainable alternative in chalcogenide perovskites.
  • Dec 17, 2025
  • The Journal of chemical physics
  • Ayan Chakravorty + 2 more

The quest for environmentally benign and stable optoelectronic materials has intensified, and chalcogenide perovskites (CPs) have emerged as promising candidates owing to their non-toxic composition, stability, small bandgaps, and large absorption coefficients. However, a detailed theoretical study of excitonic and polaronic properties of these materials remains underexplored due to the high computational demands. Herein, we present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of germanium-based CPs, AGeX3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; X = S, Se), which adopt distorted perovskite structures (β-phase) with an orthorhombic crystal structure (space group: pnma) by utilizing state-of-the-art density functional theory, density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), and many-body perturbation theory [GW, Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE)]. Our calculations reveal that these materials are mechanically stable, having potential thermodynamic accessibility under suitable conditions. The G0W0@PBE bandgaps range from 0.65 to 2.00eV, suitable for optoelectronics. We analyze the ionic and electronic contributions to dielectric screening using DFPT and BSE methods, finding that the electronic component dominates. The exciton binding energies range from 6.38 to 73.63meV, indicating efficient exciton dissociation under ambient conditions. In addition, these perovskites exhibit low to high polaronic mobilities (1.67-167.65 cm2 V-1 s-1), exceeding many lead-free CPs and halide perovskites due to reduced carrier-phonon interactions. Among the studied systems, BaGeSe3 exhibits the most robust combination of thermodynamic stability and high carrier mobility, while SrGeSe3 shows a balanced interplay between electronic and optical performance. On the other hand, BaGeS3 and other sulfide members demonstrate noteworthy variations in excitonic and polaronic behavior, offering additional directions for property tuning. The combination of tunable bandgaps, low exciton binding energies, and high carrier mobility underscores the scientific promise of these materials in the context of future optoelectronic applications.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1021/acs.jpca.5c07496
Theoretical Study on the Nitrile Substitution Effect in a Schiff Base Derivative: Suppression of Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Dominance of Torsional Decay.
  • Dec 17, 2025
  • The journal of physical chemistry. A
  • Li Zhao + 8 more

Schiff bases represent a fundamental class of organic compounds that exhibit widespread applications in fluorescence probes, biological imaging, and optoelectronic materials due to their efficient excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) processes. However, the targeted modulation of their photophysical properties through specific chemical substitution remains a significant challenge. In particular, the role of nitrile functional groups in modifying ESIPT dynamics and enabling alternative nonradiative decay pathways has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we investigate the excited-state dynamics of the Schiff base derivative 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)acetonitrile (HMAN), focusing on the effect of nitrile substitution using high-level electronic structure calculations (CASSCF//CASPT2) and on-the-fly surface-hopping nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. The results reveal that upon excitation to the S1 state, the dominant decay mechanism involves torsion around the C═N bond (dihedral ≈ ± 90°), rather than the conventional ESIPT process, leading to ultrafast S1 → S0 decay within ∼600 fs through two twisted S1/S0-CN conical intersections. The ESIPT process is entirely suppressed in S1 due to the significantly reduced proton-acceptor ability of the imine nitrogen, which is caused by electron density depletion induced by the strongly electron-withdrawing nitrile group. This electronic effect fundamentally disrupts the hydrogen-bond preorganization that is essential for proton transfer. These findings elucidate how targeted nitrile substitution fundamentally reshapes relaxation pathways in Schiff base systems by suppressing proton transfer and promoting torsional decay. This work provides a mechanistic framework for the rational design of Schiff base derivatives with tailored excited-state dynamics via strategic functionalization.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1021/jacs.5c17847
Solvent Polarity Independent Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in a Slip-Stacked Covalent Terrylene Monoimide Dimer.
  • Dec 17, 2025
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society
  • Jinseok Kim + 6 more

The design of organic materials capable of efficient photoinduced charge separation in low-polarity environments is a critical challenge for advancing organic photovoltaics. Symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) offers a promising route to efficient charge separation with minimal energy loss; however, in conventional organic materials this process typically relies on polar solvents to stabilize the charge-separated state. Here, we investigate a slip-stacked terrylene monoimide dimer (TMI2) engineered with intrinsic electronic asymmetry to circumvent this limitation. We demonstrate through a comprehensive suite of ultrafast spectroscopic techniques that TMI2 undergoes remarkably efficient SB-CS regardless of solvent polarity enabled by the permanent dipole moment of TMI and the accessible intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) character of its monomer units. Furthermore, analysis of vibronic coherences reveals that the initial state mixing is actively driven by a 193 cm-1 intermolecular mode, while the final SB-CS state is marked by a distinct vibrational fingerprint of the radical ion pair product. Our findings reveal how the intrinsic electronic asymmetry of the TMI monomers that constitute TMI2 creates an efficient charge separation pathway that precludes the need for external stabilization from a polar solvent. This work establishes a powerful molecular design principle for leveraging intrinsic monomeric asymmetry to achieve efficient charge separation in low-dielectric environments, with significant implications for the development of next-generation organic optoelectronic materials.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5c04587
Solvent-Induced Diversified Assembly of Crystalline Materials for Dynamically Switchable Optical Modulation.
  • Dec 17, 2025
  • Inorganic chemistry
  • Zi-Yao Yang + 6 more

Herein, two distinct crystals from the same precursors by modulating the solvent ratio in solvothermal reactions were successfully obtained. Comprehensive characterization, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction, solid-state UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and theoretical calculations, provided deep insight into the material's unique structure and electronic characteristics. The results revealed that Crystal 1 exhibits a unique structure comprising alternating metal-oxo clusters and organic linkers, reinforced by strong lone pair-π interactions and a hydrogen-bonding network involving dimethylammonium cations. These structural features endow this crystalline material with broad-range absorption (200-850 nm) and a narrow bandgap (as small as 1.55 eV). Remarkably, Crystal 1 enables efficient and reversible switching between black and yellow states through alternating ozone oxidation and photoinduced stimulation, while fully maintaining the integrity of its crystal structure. In contrast, Crystal 2, which lacks such structural motifs, counter cations, and strong intermolecular interactions, shows only narrow and weak absorption with essentially no color change under photoinduction. This work highlights the critical role of targeted intermolecular interactions in directing structure assembly and tuning optoelectronic properties, providing a strategic guideline for the design of intelligent optoelectronic materials.

  • Discussion
  • 10.1088/2399-1984/ae271b
Accelerated discovery of multinary chalcogenide quantum dots: combining aqueous chemistry with high-throughput experimentation and machine learning
  • Dec 17, 2025
  • Nano Futures
  • Oleksandr Stroyuk + 3 more

Abstract Multinary chalcogenide quantum dots (MCQDs) exhibit unprecedented variability in composition and properties, size tunability, and high tolerance to multiple alloying, doping, and deviations from stoichiometry. This variability enables the synthesis of hundreds of thousands of MCQDs, characterized by a wide range of composition- and size-dependent spectral and photophysical properties, with a high potential for optoelectronic applications. At that, the whole compositional richness of MCQDs can be readily accessed using sustainable aqueous chemistry. The present Perspective focuses on the challenges of navigating the vast compositional space of MCQDs to discover new optoelectronic materials for the absorption, emission, and conversion of light. We argue that the exploration of the compositional versatility of MCQDs requires accelerated research, going beyond the conventional intuition-driven experiments. The acceleration can be achieved by high-throughput parallelized experimentation that yields extensive datasets and enables machine-learning-driven data analysis and automation of the targeted discovery of new MCQDs.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1021/acsnano.5c16321
Between the Nanosheets: Enhancing Electron-Hole Exchange Interaction for Room-Temperature Magneto-Photoluminescence in Liquid-phase-exfoliated 2D Perovskite.
  • Dec 16, 2025
  • ACS nano
  • Christopher G Bailey + 12 more

Nanomaterials with a strong room-temperature optical response to magnetic fields are highly desirable for applications in sensing and photonics. Therefore, the ability to tune this response presents an opportunity to develop nanoscale magneto-optical devices. 2D metal halide perovskites are promising materials for optoelectronics, but typically exhibit very weak magneto-optical effects at room temperature. In this article, a 15× enhancement of the magnetic field effect on photoluminescence (magneto-photoluminescence) is demonstrated in colloidal (PEA)2PbI4 2D perovskite nanosheets at room temperature. The results show that an external species can influence the exchange interaction energy and consequently the splitting between bright and dark exciton states in 2D perovskite nanosheets, which ultimately governs the magneto-photoluminescence. Additionally, the average photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is increased from 15.2% in bulk single crystals to 23.1% in nanosheets (with a maximum recorded PLQY of 39.61%) produced using liquid-phase exfoliation, which also exhibited reduced trap emission compared with bulk or tape-exfoliated crystals in this study. This work demonstrates a simple method of engineering exciton states in 2D perovskites, assisting the development of optoelectronic technology and representing a crucial step toward producing nanoscale room-temperature magneto-optical devices.

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